Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis and Anthemis nobilis Widespread in The Syrian Coast

1. Al Andalus University
Faculty of Pharmacy
Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of
Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis and
Anthemis nobilis Widespread in The Syrian Coast
1 Rim M. Harfouch,
2 Manal Darwish
1 Department of microbiology and biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al
Andalus University, Tartous, Syria
2 Department of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Al Andalus University, Tartous, Syria
Faculty of pharmacy - AU1

2. Introduction
Purpose
Importance of the research
Work steps and results
Discussion
Next steps
Faculty of pharmacy - AU2

3. Introduction
essential oil
•volatile
•Aromatic odor
•Secondary metabolism
products
•Terpenes or phenel
propane
•steam distillation
Faculty of pharmacy - AU3

4. Introduction
Faculty of pharmacy - AU4
(1)
Scientific classification
lamiaceaeFamily
RosmarinusGenus
officinalisSpecies
flowers- LeavesUsed parts

5. Introduction
Rosmarinus officinalis
Faculty of pharmacy - AU5
 Chemical composition
 Flavonoids
 Essential oil
 phenols
 Popular use :
 Flatulent-Dyspepsia
 Headache-Cosmetics
 Flavoring
 Pharmacological uses :
antioxidant
 hepatoprotective
 Carminative- spasmolytic
 Thymoleptic- sedative
 diuretic – antimicrobial
 Anticholinesterase activity
(2)

6. Introduction
Faculty of pharmacy - AU6
Scientific classification
LamiaceaeFamily
salviaGenus
officinalisSpecies
LeavesUsed parts

7. Introduction
Salvia officinalis
Chemical composition :
Acids
Terpens
Flavoids
 Essential oil
 Popular use :
Treat flatulent- Dyspepsia
 Pharyngitis-Stomatitis
Gingivitis-Cosmetics-Flavoring
Pharmacological uses :
Carminative- antispasmodic
 antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal
 antioxidant-Anticholinesterase activity
 hepatoprotective
 anticarcinogenic properties.
Faculty of pharmacy - AU7

8. Faculty of pharmacy - AU8
Scientific classification
AsteraceaeFamily
AnthemisGenus
nobilisSpecies
flowersUsed parts

9. Introduction
Anthemis nobilis
Chemical composition :
Coumarins
Flavoids
 Essential oil
 Popular use :
Carminative-vomiting
Sedative-Cosmetics
 Pharmacological uses :
Carminative- anti-emetic
Antispasmodic-sedative properties
anti-inflammatory
 antihistaminic
Faculty of pharmacy - AU9

10. Importance of the research
The wide spread of the plant in Syria (Qadmous) city and its
richness in active compounds
To enrich the national scientific library with a documented study.
This plants importance in the following domains :
 Medical .
 Cosmetics .
 Economies .
Faculty of pharmacy - AU10

11. Research’s Goal
Determine the antibacterial efficacy of essential oils of
Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis leaves and Anthemis
nobilis flowers widespread in the Syrian coast against several
strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Faculty of pharmacy - AU11

12. Equipment and Materials
Clevenger-type apparatus
Bacteria Strain -Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) - Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)-
 Filter paper discs
 sterilized nutrient broth
Tween 80
Micropipettes
Glassy Equipment
Faculty of pharmacy - AU12

13. Stages of research
Faculty of pharmacy -
AU
13
Collection of samples - classification
Essential oil extraction
Desiccation
Culture Preparation
Sensitivity test of the essential oils
Microdilution assay and MIC determination of
the essential oils

14. Stages of research and results
Plant collection and classification:1-
Faculty of pharmacy - AU14
Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia officinalis Anthemis nobilis

15. Stages of research and results
2- Essential oil extraction
- Determination of the amount of oil produced by
distillation using the Clevenger device.
Faculty of pharmacy - AU15
Anthemis
nobilis
Salvia
officinalis
Rosmarinu
s officinalis
plant
42.612Yield
ml/100 g

16. Stages of research and results
2- Essential oil extraction
Faculty of pharmacy - AU16
Rosmarinus officinalis
Salvia officinalis Anthemis nobilis

17. 3- Sensitivity test of the essential oils
Faculty of pharmacy - AU17
Stages of research and results

18. Stages of research and results
3- Sensitivity test of the essential oils
Faculty of pharmacy - AU18
Bacterial
strain
Rosmarinus
officinalis
Salvia
officinalis
Anthemis nobilis
Staphylococcus
aureus
20 12
No inhibition zone
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
9 7
No inhibition zone
Inhibition zone diameters (mm) of rosemary, sage and chamomile essential
oils

19. Stages of research and results
 Microdilution
Faculty of pharmacy - AU19
 sterilized nutrient broth
supplemented with Tween 80 at
final concentration of 0.5% (v/v).
 Nine serial 1:1 dilutions: 50%, 25%,
12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78%
, 0.39% and 0.19%.
 Positive and negative control

20. Stages of research and results
Faculty of pharmacy - AU20
4- Microdilution assay and MIC determination of the essential oils

21. Stages of research and results
Faculty of pharmacy - AU21
4- Microdilution assay and MIC determination of the essential oils
MIC of
Rosmarinus
officinalis
MIC of Salvia
officinalis
Staphylococcus
aureus
3.9 31.2
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
7.8 125
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rosemary, sage and
chamomile essential oils (µl/ml)

22. Discussion
Faculty of pharmacy - AU22
• Rosemary and sage essential oils against the well-
known resistant bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil exhibited higher
antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus
aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than this of
Salvia officinalis
• MIC of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against
Staphylococcus aureus was twice lower than MIC
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• (Hussain A. et al, 2010) and (Bozin et al, 2007)

23. Next steps
Faculty of pharmacy - AU23
Isolation and determination of active
chemicals in rosemary and Sage essential
oils using TLC, GC-MS
Determination of MBC for each bacterial
strain
Using of essential oils in pharmaceutical
formulation

24. Referance
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essential oil composition of a Cape-Dutch remedy. J Ethnopharmacol 88; 2003:137–143.Faculty of pharmacy - AU24