Unit a biologicaldiversitynotes(diversity-classification)

1. z
Biological
Diversity
Unit A

2. z
• Over 1.5 million species of animals and 350 000 species of
plants are identified species.
• Estimate 30 million to 100 million kinds of organisms
existing today

3. zSpecies: A group of organisms that have the same structure
and can reproduce with one another
Biological Diversity: All different types of organisms on Earth

4. zAll Living Things:
1. Made of cells
2. Need energy
3. Grow and develop
4. Reproduce
5. Have adaptations

5. z
Ecosystem: Particular environment where living things interact
with other biotic (living) an abiotic (non-living) things
(Ex. Boreal Forest)
Population: Group of individuals of the
same species living in the same area

6. z
Community: Populations of different species living in the same
area (biotic component of an ecosystem)
• Genetic diversity refers to the variations between
members of a population
(ex. Banded snail – colouring
and banding on shell)
• Some variations are not visible
(ex. Human blood types – A, B,
AB, O)

7. z
Species Distribution: Areas around the equator have the
greatest number of plant species. These diverse plant
communities in turn provide food and shelter to a wide variety of
organisms. The number of plant and animal species is greatest
in tropical regions. So the tropical rain forests in equatorial
regions contain the greatest biological diversity

8. z
Classifying
Biological Diversity

9. z
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (18th
century) developed a system for naming and
classifying organisms

10. z
He used Latin as a common scientific language combining 2
words to name each living things:
1st name is the genus (ALWAYS Capitalized)
2nd name is the species (NEVER Capitalized)
No two species have the same name, although closely related
species can have the same genus
(ex. Canis rufus (redwolf) and Canis lupus (dog))
Naming Rules:
Linnaean Classification

11. z
MacrochelysM. temminckii
Chelydra C. serpentina
Chelodina longicollis
Chelonia mydas
Chelonoidis C. nigra complex
Chelonoidis C. chilensis
Which ones are most closely related?

12. z
MacrochelysM. temminckii
Chelydra C. serpentina
Chelodina longicollis
Chelonia mydas
Chelonoidis C. nigra complex
Chelonoidis C. chilensis
Which ones are most closely related?

13. z
Modern scientists further developed
Linnaeus’s classification system.

14. zWe use a 5 kingdom system:
1. Animalia (animals)
2. Plantae (plants)
3. Fungi (yeasts, moulds, mushrooms)
4. Protista (single celled organisms)
5. Monera (bacteria)*
*some scientists split this into 2 – Archaebacteria and
Eubacteria

15. z

16. z

17. z

18. z

19. z
How can I remember this?
(Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, [Variety]):
“Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup"
Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk?
Dumb Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach
Do Kindly Place Cover On Fresh Green Spring Vegetables
Donald Kills People Cause Other Friends Get Sad
Don't Keep Playing Chess On Festering Green Salad

20. z

21. zWhich of these organisms are most closely
related?
Amanitaceae Amanita A. muscaria
Musaceae Musa M. acuminata
Muridae Mus M. musculus
Muridae Apodemus A. sylvaticus

22. zWhich of these organisms are most closely
related?
Amanitaceae Amanita A. muscaria
Musaceae Musa M. acuminata
Muridae Mus M. musculus
Muridae Apodemus A. sylvaticus

23. z
TEDEd Video

24. z
Types of Diversity
• Ecosystem Diversity
• Community Diversity
• Diversity between Species
• Diversity within Species
• Genetic Diversity

25. z1) Diversity Between Ecosystems
The number and type of species (biotic factors) and abiotic
factors (temperature, water, sunlight) differ ​from ecosystem
to ecosystem.
-ex: Boreal forest vs. prairie

26. z1) Diversity Between Ecosystems
Diversity of biotic factors between ecosystems:
• Type: number of different species
• Number: population of each species
Diversity of abiotic factors between ecosystems:
• Climate
• Habitat
• Energy sources

27. z2) Diversity Within Ecosystems
Communities within an ecosystem also exhibit
diversity.
ex: The organisms living in the area near Banff are
different from the organisms living near Jasper.
Population diversity between communities:
• number of organisms of a specific species
• the species with the highest population in the community
• the presence of different types of predator species and
prey species

28. z
Community near Banff Community near Jasper
woodland caribou only in Jasper
Moose only in Jasper
65 Grizzly bears
109 Grizzly bears
Gray Wolves only in Jasper
Many, many Black Wolves
45-50 black wolves
No Moose
No Gray Wolves
no woodland caribou

29. z3) Diversity Between Species
Species is often defined: "A group of
similar organisms capable of reproduction
within the group."Organisms that are
different enough that they are unable to
successfully reproduce together.
ex: A moose is a different species than an
octopus because they are so different that
they cannot successfully reproduce
together.

30. z4) Diversity Within Species
If you look closely between members of a population,
you will observe variation (differences). These
variations are caused by slight genetic differences
in these organisms (differences in the DNA).
ex: Magpie wingspan, Human eye color

31. z4) Diversity Within Species
The difference within a species are the result of
natural and sometimes artificial selection.

32. z5) Genetic Diversity
Genetic Diversity between communities:
the organisms of the same species in the same
community will likely share much of the same DNA
(genes and chromosomes)
the organisms of the same species from different
communities will likely not share much of the same
DNA (genes and chromosomes)