Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

1. NON HODGKINS
LYMPHOMA ( NHL)
PREPARED BY,
Mrs. Rijo Lijo

2. INTRODUCTION
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is cancer that originates in the lymphatic system,
the disease-fighting network spread throughout the body.

3. DEFINITION
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes
all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas.

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HODGKIN'S
AND NON HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma may arise in lymph nodes anywhere in the body,
whereas Hodgkin lymphoma typically begins in the upper body, such as the
neck, chest or armpits.

5. RISK FACTORS
• Older age : Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can occur at any age, but the risk
increases with age. It's most common in people 60 or over.
• Chemicals: Certain chemicals, such as those used to kill insects and weeds,
may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

6. • Infections: Certain viral and bacterial infections appear to increase the risk
of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Viruses linked to increased non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma risk include HIV and Epstein-Barr infection.
• Medications : Those who undergone organ transplant are more susceptible,
because immunosuppressive therapy reduces the body's ability to fight new
illnesses.

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Swollen lymph nodes.
• Fever.
• Stomach ache.
• Night sweats.
• Weight loss.
• Chest pain.
• Loss of appetite.

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History collection.
• Physical examination.
• Blood and urine tests : Blood and urine tests may help rule out an infection
or other disease.
• Imaging tests: imaging tests are used to look for tumors in the body. Tests
may include X-ray, CT, MRI and positron emission tomography (PET).

10. • Lymph node test : a lymph node biopsy is used to remove all or part of a
lymph node for laboratory testing. Analyzing lymph node tissue in a lab may
reveal whether the client had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or not.
• Bone marrow test: A bone marrow biopsy and aspiration procedure
involves inserting a needle into the hipbone to remove a sample of bone
marrow. The sample is analyzed to look for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells.

11. MANAGEMENT

12. MEDICATIONS
• Chemotherapy
Unwanted reactions to drugs given for the purpose of killing cancer cells.
• Bone marrow stimulant
Helps bone marrow produce new blood cells.
• Steroid
Modifies or simulates hormone effects, often to reduce inflammation or for
tissue growth and repair.