Leukemia, often known as leukemia, is a blood cancer. A type of blood malignancy known as lymphocytic leukemias (loo-KEE-mee-uh) produces a large number of abnormal blood cells and typically starts in the bone marrow. These immature blood cells, often known as blasts or leukemia cells, are not fully formed. Signs and symptoms may include bruising and bleeding, bone discomfort, exhaustion, fever, and an elevated susceptibility of infections. The absence of healthy blood cells is the cause of these symptoms. Blood tests or bone marrow biopsy are frequently used to make diagnoses. Blood Cancer Symptoms, Causes 3 Types of Blood Cancer1 (2) Leukemia‘s precise origin is not known. It is thought that both genetic and environmental (non-inherited) variables are involved. Risk risks include smoking, radiation exposure, certain substances (including benzene), previous treatment, and Down syndrome. Those who have a family history of the disease are likewise more vulnerable. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are the four primary kinds of leukemia. There are also a few less frequent varieties. Cancers of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, which include leukemias and lymphomas, are a more general classification of tumors that impact the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system. Symptoms Whether it is leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, MDS, MPN, or another type of blood cancer, the symptoms of blood cancer differ depending on the disease. among the signs of blood malignancy are: Unaccounted-for weight loss Unaccounted-for bruising or bleeding swellings or lumps respiration difficulty (breathlessness) humid night sweats severe, recurring, or long-lasting infections A fever of at least 38 °C that is mysterious Unaccounted-for rashes or irritated skin discomfort in your joints, bones, or stomach (stomach area) the weariness that doesn’t get better with rest or sleep (fatigue) Paleness (pallor) (pallor) We now know more specifics regarding the signs and symptoms of many blood cancer types. For more information about the signs and symptoms of blood cancer, scroll down. Not everyone will experience the same symptoms, and some individuals may experience symptoms not included in this list. When to See a Doctor It might be challenging to determine whether you should be concerned because many early cancer symptoms are not very precise. Don’t wait, though, as early diagnosis can result in quicker, more successful therapy. If any blood cancer symptoms persist for more than a few weeks without getting better, you should visit your doctor. Some patients worry that if they only have the flu or a cold, they won’t “bother” their doctor. However, your doctor would much rather make that diagnosis when they see you right away. Tests to diagnose blood cancer Blood malignancies may be diagnosed using the following tests

1. Blood Cancer Symptoms,
Causes | 3 Types of Blood
Cancer
Blood Cancer?
Leukemia, often known as leukemia, is a blood cancer. A type of blood malignancy
known as lymphocytic leukemias (loo-KEE-mee-uh) produces a large number of
abnormal blood cells and typically starts in the bone marrow. These immature blood
cells, often known as blasts or leukemia cells, are not fully formed. Signs and
symptoms may include bruising and bleeding, bone discomfort, exhaustion, fever, and
an elevated susceptibility of infections. The absence of healthy blood cells is the cause
of these symptoms. Blood tests or bone marrow biopsy are frequently used to make
diagnoses.
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2. Leukemia‘s precise origin is not known. It is thought that both genetic and
environmental (non-inherited) variables are involved. Risk risks include smoking,
radiation exposure, certain substances (including benzene), previous treatment, and
Down syndrome. Those who have a family history of the disease are likewise more
vulnerable. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are the four primary
kinds of leukemia. There are also a few less frequent varieties. Cancers of the
hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, which include leukemias and lymphomas, are a
more general classification of tumors that impact the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic
system.

3. Symptoms
Whether it is leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, MDS, MPN, or another type of blood
cancer, the symptoms of blood cancer differ depending on the disease.
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among the signs of blood malignancy are:
■ Unaccounted-for weight loss
■ Unaccounted-for bruising or bleeding
■ swellings or lumps
■ respiration difficulty (breathlessness)
■ humid night sweats
■ severe, recurring, or long-lasting infections
■ A fever of at least 38 °C that is mysterious
■ Unaccounted-for rashes or irritated skin
■ discomfort in your joints, bones, or stomach (stomach area)
■ the weariness that doesn’t get better with rest or sleep (fatigue)
■ Paleness (pallor) (pallor)
We now know more specifics regarding the signs and symptoms of many blood cancer
types. For more information about the signs and symptoms of blood cancer, scroll down.

4. Not everyone will experience the same symptoms, and some individuals may
experience symptoms not included in this list.
When to See a Doctor
It might be challenging to determine whether you should be concerned because many
early cancer symptoms are not very precise. Don’t wait, though, as early diagnosis can
result in quicker, more successful therapy.
If any blood cancer symptoms persist for more than a few weeks without getting better,
you should visit your doctor.
Some patients worry that if they only have the flu or a cold, they won’t “bother” their
doctor. However, your doctor would much rather make that diagnosis when they see
you right away.

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Tests to diagnose blood cancer
Blood malignancies may be diagnosed using the following tests and procedures:
■ blood tests
■ bone marrow examinations
■ X-ray, PET, and CT scans are imaging tests.
■ health checkup.
■ Surgery to remove lymph nodes (to use in staging).
Causes
The risk factors for blood cancer vary depending on the specific kind.

6. The following are risk factors for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the most common
form of leukaemia in adults:
■ Age increase
■ Maleness is the gender
■ exposure to benzene and other industrial chemicals
■ Smoking
■ Cancer therapy history
■ high radiation doses exposure
■ other blood malignancies in the past
Hodgkin lymphoma development risk factors include:

7. ■ Ageing and a history of infection with the infectious mononucleosis-causing
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or mono.
■ Maleness is the gender
■ Hodgkin lymphoma in the family history
■ Immune system dysfunction
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma development risk factors include:
■ particular industrial chemicals, insecticides, and herbicides consumed
■ prior chemotherapy history
■ exposure to radiation
■ weakened immune system
■ autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis in the past
The following are risk factors for developing multiple myeloma:
■ Age increase
■ Having a male gender
■ Race: African-Americans are at higher risk.
■ being overweight or obese
How is cancer of the blood detected?

8. A physical examination to assess your general health is frequently the first step in
making a diagnosis. Your doctor will evaluate your medical history, check your lymph
nodes and body for any symptoms of infection or bruises, and examine you.
Blood cancer can be identified using a variety of methods and testing. The sort of blood
cancer you may have may determine what you need. Your healthcare team might
advise testing and work with you to diagnose the findings of all the tests.
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Biopsies
A biopsy is a procedure that gathers samples of cells for pathologists to examine in a
lab. A lymph node biopsy, which involves taking a sample of lymph tissue or an entire
lymph node, may be necessary for some types of blood cancer, such as lymphoma.
Certain types of blood cancer can be diagnosed with tests on your bone marrow, which
is where blood cells are made. A bone marrow aspiration is a process used by doctors

9. to take a small sample of bone marrow, blood, and bone from either the hip bone or the
breastbone. A lab examines the sample to look for any abnormal cells or genetic
material changes.
Imaging scans
For some forms of blood cancer, imaging scans are more beneficial than for others.
Leukemia, a blood cancer that doesn’t produce visible tumours, is typically not
diagnosed with a scan, though it may detect an enlarged lymph node, a common
indication of lymphoma. However, the results of a scan may show whether cancer has
spread to other parts of the body.

10. Scans consist of:
■ CT scan for computed tomography
■ imaging with magnetic resonance (MRI)
■ PET scan, or positron emission tomography
■ X-ray sUltrasound
Blood tests
A complete blood count (CBC) displays the number of white blood cells, red blood cells,
and platelets, among other blood components.
Measurements of your blood’s key constituents are made during blood chemistry tests.
For instance, abnormal protein levels could reveal details about your illness. Lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme, may be assessed for potential lymphoma.
3 Types of Blood Cancer

11. Leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma are the three main kinds of cancer of the blood and
bone marrow:
■ The blood and bone marrow are where leukemia, a type of blood cancer,
begins. It happens when the body produces an excessive number of aberrant
white blood cells, interfering with the bone marrow’s production of platelets and
red blood cells.
■ A type of white blood cell known as a lymphocyte, which aids the body in
fighting infections, is the source of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a blood cancer, in
the lymphatic system.
■ A blood cancer known as Hodgkin lymphoma is caused by lymphocytes, which
are cells found in the lymphatic system. An aberrant lymphocyte known as the
Reed-Sternberg cell is a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma.
■ Blood cancer known as multiple myeloma starts in the plasma cells of the
blood, a kind of white blood cell created in the bone marrow. Learn about the
different stages of multiple myeloma as well.
There are also less prevalent types of blood and bone marrow malignancies or related
diseases, such as:

12. ■ Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are uncommon diseases that can develop
when bone marrow’s blood-forming cells are harmed.
■ Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): These uncommon blood malignancies
are brought on by an excessive production of platelets, red blood cells, or white
blood cells. The three major subgroups are polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis,
and essential thrombocythemia (ET) (PV).
■ Amyloidosis: This uncommon condition, which is defined by the accumulation
of an aberrant protein known as amyloid, is not a type of cancer. However, it
has a tight connection to multiple myeloma.
■ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma that begins in B cells is called waldenstrom
macroglobulinemia.
■ A bone marrow transplant is the only way to cure the uncommon disease
known as aplastic anaemia, which develops when essential stem cells are
harmed.
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