3. Ambeth R. Ocampo
Consultant to the National Library in 1987
was given access to the confidential
inventory of manuscripts
Where in he found the “Borrador del Noli
Me Tangere”
wishing to catch a tailend and trace the
development of the novel
He translated the manuscript
Which lead him to a discovery that the
borrador in hand was in fact a draft of an
entirely different work
4. When was it written? It was believed to be written . . .
October 1891
While Rizal was on board of
ship Melbourne en route to
Hong Kong from Marseilles
Early 1892
In Hong Kong
5. Basis of this assumptions . . .
22 September 1891
Ferdinand Blumentritt,
At last I can breath freely and gladly. I
anxiously awaited your verdict [on the Fili].
This has arrived and though I should think
there is much deference on it, I can look
forward with confidence and hope for good
luck. I would have like to pour out all my
knowledge, all my brain, all my sentiments
on the pages of [the Fili]; but my
characters did not give me an opportunity
for it and neither did I have enough space. I
am thinking of writing of a third novel, a
novel in the modern sense of the word. But
this time politics will not occupy much space
in it. Ethics will play the principal role. It
will deal only with the mores and custom of
the Filipinos; there will be only two
Spaniards – the curate and the Teniente de
la Guardia Civil. I want to be witty, satirical
and candid; I want to be cudgel and laugh,
laugh amid tears, that is to cry bitterly.
Dr. Jose Rizal
31 January 1892
Ferdinand Blumentritt,
While I rest from my professional work, I
write the third part of my book [after Noli
and Fili] in Tagalog. It deals only with
Tagalog customs, exclusively of the usages,
virtues, and defects of the Tagalogs. I am
sorry I cannot write it in Spanish for I have
found a very beautiful theme. I want to
write a novel in the modern sense of term
– an artistic and literary novel. This time I
want to sacrifice politics and everything for
art. If I write it in Spanish, then the poor
Tagalogs to whom the work is dedicated will
not get to know it, though they may be
the ones who need it most. What will the
Europeans do with it? Perhaps they will
only laugh and mock our defects. The book
gives me much difficulty, for many of my
ideas cannot be expressed freely without my
introducing many neologisms, and moreover I
lack practice in writing Tagalog…
Dr. Jose Rizal
Letters of
Rizal
Addressed to
his friend
Ferdinand
Blumentritt
Oct 1891
Informing
Blumentritt
of the
upcoming
novel
6. Basis of this assumptions . . .
22 September 1891
Ferdinand Blumentritt,
At last I can breath freely and gladly. I
anxiously awaited your verdict [on the Fili].
This has arrived and though I should think
there is much deference on it, I can look
forward with confidence and hope for good
luck. I would have like to pour out all my
knowledge, all my brain, all my sentiments
on the pages of [the Fili]; but my
characters did not give me an opportunity
for it and neither did I have enough space. I
am thinking of writing of a third novel, a
novel in the modern sense of the word. But
this time politics will not occupy much space
in it. Ethics will play the principal role. It
will deal only with the mores and custom of
the Filipinos; there will be only two
Spaniards – the curate and the Teniente de
la Guardia Civil. I want to be witty, satirical
and candid; I want to be cudgel and laugh,
laugh amid tears, that is to cry bitterly.
Dr. Jose Rizal
31 January 1892
Ferdinand Blumentritt,
While I rest from my professional work, I
write the third part of my book [after No
and Fili] in Tagalog. It deals only with
Tagalog customs, exclusively of the usages,
virtues, and defects of the Tagalogs. I am
sorry I cannot write it in Spanish for I hav
found a very beautiful theme. I want to
write a novel in the modern sense of term
– an artistic and literary novel. This time
want to sacrifice politics and everything fo
art. If I write it in Spanish, then the poo
Tagalogs to whom the work is dedicated w
not get to know it, though they may be
the ones who need it most. What will the
Europeans do with it? Perhaps they will
only laugh and mock our defects. The book
gives me much difficulty, for many of my
ideas cannot be expressed freely without m
introducing many neologisms, and moreover
lack practice in writing Tagalog…
Dr. Jose Riz
Sept 1891
Thanking Blumetritt on
his kind words to El Fili
and revealed that the
third novel’s will be
more about Ethics
Jan 1892
Describing the novel to
be written in Tagalog
and in a modern
sense; leaving politics
out of it.
7. Why did Rizal wrote ?
Frustration
El Filibusterismo was not published in
a form of his liking
El Fili was a literary flop
He knew that El Fili is inferior
compared to Noli
Because of its serious tone and sheer
melo drama
8. Why did Rizal wrote in Tagalog then shifted to
Spanish?
Dedicated only to Filipino
Ethics, mores and custom
No good will it be if its
written in Spanish
The European will only
laugh and mock to the
Filipinos’ defects
9. Why did Rizal wrote in Tagalog then shifted to
Spanish?
Dedicated only to Filipino
Ethics, mores and custom
No good will it be if its
written in Spanish
The European will only
laugh and mock to the
Filipinos’ defects
10. Why did Rizal wrote in Tagalog then shifted to
Spanish?
Rizal had difficulties
Adjusting to his own
language
It will be inappropriate
To write in two language
since Noli and El Fili was
written in Spanish
Makami
sa
(Tagalog borrador)
Makami
sa
(Spanish borrador)
12. TAGALOG VERISON SPANISH VERISON
19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES – SMALL TOWN “TULIG” 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES – SMALL TOWN “PILI”
13. TAGALOG VERISON SPANISH VERISON
MAIN CHARACTERS MAIN CHARACTERS
ALENG
ANDAY
CAPITAN
LUCAS
MARCELA
CAPITAN
TIBO
TENIENTE
MAYOR TATO
PADER
AGATON
PADER
AGATON
CAPITAN
TANUKANG
CECILIA
ANDAY
CAPITAN
PANCHONG
YSIGANI
14. TAGALOG VERISON SPANISH VERISON
STORY STORY
Women trying to explain
Fr. Agaton’s irritable manner
Began After the Mass
Fr. Agaton hurriedly finish the ritual
Capitan Lucas worrying
Of the coming election
Ended with the line…
“Sapagkat nabalitang nasampal si
Aleng Anday ay wala mandin silang
Section A
Fr. Agaton hurriedly finish the ritual
Section B
Introduction of characters and discussion
on Fr. Agaton’s irritable manner
Section C
Capitan Panchong , Cecilia and Ysagani, Fr.
Agaton, Lenten activities, the game tutukan
Seciton D
Procession, fight over tutukan, talk about
the election, Fr. Agaton’s behavior
Is one of the half dozen or so unfinished books of Rizal
What is Makamisa?
Some says it’s the title of cuartillas or quarter sheets that are beginning of a novel in Tagalog. According to Mariano Ponce, he doesn’t know if it’s a title of the chapter or the entire novel-in-progress
Composed of 2 chapters | incomplete | 20 pages | 34.2 x 22 cm | undated | unpublished
Believed to be written in Hongkong. When Rizal informed Blumentritt in his letter of 31 Jan 1892 that he had began another novel in Tagalog.
Later he discontinued writing the novel because he found it difficult to write in tagalog
So there’s another manuscript, written in Spanish. With same ideas, same characters but with different names. (National Library)
Reason why it is not known to the public:
It was mistaken to be a draft of noli me tangere
Acquired from the heirs of Mariano Ponce before Second World War
1907 - Biblographical Rizalina (Wenceslao Emilio Retana)
Quoted Mariano Ponce about Makamisa
He doesn’t know if it’s a title of the chapter or the entire novel-in-progress
1949 – Biografia de Rizal (Rafael Palma)
Composed of 2 chapters | incomplete | 20 pages | 34.2 x 22 cm
1961 – Bibligrafia de los escritos de Rizal (JRNCC)
Believed to be written in Hongkong. When Rizal informed Blumentritt in his letter of 31 Jan 1892 that he had began another novel in Tagalog.
Later he discontinued writing the novel because he found it difficult to write in tagalog
So there’s another manuscript, written in Spanish. With same ideas, same characters but with different names. (National Library)
1990 – Bibliografia de las obras de Rizal (Dr. Angel Hidalgo)
He suggested to the JRNCC to transcribe, translate and publish the borrador/rough draft
Leoncio Lopez Rizal silenced him, insisting that the draft is just a draft of Noli Me tangere and nothing more.
1957 – Juan Collas gave Makaimisa a title “Tagalog Nobility”
JRNCC (Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission)
1992 – The search of Rizal’s third novel: Makamisa (Ambeth R. Ocampo)
Consultant to the National Library in 1987, was given access to the confidential inventory of manuscripts
Where in he found the “Borrador del Noli Me Tangere” --- wishing to catch a tailend and trace the development of the novel, A.Ocampo photocopied the borrador and began his transcription
Recovered Rizal’s unpublished handwritten manuscript of 171 leaves comprising of 245 pages in the National Library in 1987
Then halfway to his work he wondered, he had not encountered any of the Noli characters, which lead him to a discovery that the borrador in hand was in fact a draft of an entirely different work
It was labeled “Borrador incompleto del Noli Me Tangere” --- retarding one area of Rizal scholars for nearly a century
When was it written? It was believed to be written
While Rizal was on board of ship Melbourne en route to Hong Kong from Marseilles in October 1891
Or Hong Kong itself in early 1892
Basis
Rizal’s letter in Germany to his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt
1st: October 1891, He informed Blumentritt that he will finish his third book during the trip
2nd: January 31 1892
When was it written? It was believed to be written
While Rizal was on board of ship Melbourne en route to Hong Kong from Marseilles in October 1891
Or Hong Kong itself in early 1892
Basis
Rizal’s letter in Germany to his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt
1st: October 1891, He informed Blumentritt that he will finish his third book during the trip
2nd: January 31 1892
Why did he write it?
Frustrated to El Filibusterismo because it was not in a form of his liking
When was it written? It was believed to be written
While Rizal was on board of ship Melbourne en route to Hong Kong from Marseilles in October 1891
Or Hong Kong itself in early 1892
Basis
Rizal’s letter in Germany to his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt
1st: October 1891, He informed Blumentritt that he will finish his third book during the trip
2nd: January 31 1892
Why did he write it?
Frustrated to El Filibusterismo because it was not in a form of his liking
Why did he write it?
Frustrated to El Filibusterismo because it was not published in a form of his liking
He knew that El Fili is inferior compared to Noli.
And with Del Pilar’s civil, honest, and painful opinion about El Fili, Rizal realized that El fili was a literary flop because of its serious tone and sheer melo drama. So he vowed to write his third novel in a light satirical style like Noli.
Why did he write it?
Frustrated to El Filibusterismo because it was not published in a form of his liking
He knew that El Fili is inferior compared to Noli.
And with Del Pilar’s civil, honest, and painful opinion about El Fili, Rizal realized that El fili was a literary flop because of its serious tone and sheer melo drama. So he vowed to write his third novel in a light satirical style like Noli.
Why did he write it?
Frustrated to El Filibusterismo because it was not published in a form of his liking
He knew that El Fili is inferior compared to Noli.
And with Del Pilar’s civil, honest, and painful opinion about El Fili, Rizal realized that El fili was a literary flop because of its serious tone and sheer melo drama. So he vowed to write his third novel in a light satirical style like Noli.
Why did he write it?
Frustrated to El Filibusterismo because it was not published in a form of his liking
He knew that El Fili is inferior compared to Noli.
And with Del Pilar’s civil, honest, and painful opinion about El Fili, Rizal realized that El fili was a literary flop because of its serious tone and sheer melo drama. So he vowed to write his third novel in a light satirical style like Noli.
Tagalog Version
Padre Agaton (Father Agaton) - the parochial curate of the fictitious town of Tulig, described as a cheerful, approachable and powerful man who loves the town and is not known for his bad temper. In the story, he has a sudden, unexpected display of anger, the reason for which is yet to be revealed.
Kapitan Lucas (Town captain Lucas) - the gobernadorcillo of Tulig and is in danger of losing his government position if he does not please Padre Agaton on the upcoming Easter fiesta.
Aleng Anday (Miss Anday) - female friend of Padre Agaton and the only person whom the curate loves. She is an extremely disciplined woman whom everybody admires for her generosity.
Marcela - Manila-raised daughter of Kapitan Lucas, who returned to Tulig for her aunt's funeral.
Tenyente Tato (Lieutenant Tato) - lieutenant-general of the guardia civil.
Don Segundo - the Juez de paz or peace officer of the town.
Kapitan Tibo - next-in-line to the gobernadorcillo office
SPANISH VERSION
Anday – was the maid of Capitan Panchong. Originally the daughter of a cabeza de barangay, her father, the cabeza, eventually became bankrupt due to embezzling funds and spending them on cockfighting bets. She was thus forced to become a maid. After falling in love with her employer's son Titoy, who was studying to become a priest, she entered an affair with him and bore him a daughter. Soon after, they were discovered and Anday was beaten and dismissed from the house. Afterwards, she begged Capitana Barang to employ her; the woman eventually relented, although she was coerced into sexual favors by her husband. At some point, Anday also came to owe a large debt to Barang
Capitan Panchong was the gobernadorcillo of Pili and the husband of Barang. After Padre Agaton pushed the Mass, Panchong discussed it with the men of the town, although later presiding over a meeting at the tribunal building. Dismissing the other concerns pushed forward by the attendees, he angrily asked why Padre Agaton was so angry, worried he would lose his endorsement for reelection as gobernadorcillo.[1] He later returned home ill, attended to by his wife and visited by many of his neighbors, who all suggested different cures
Capitan Tanukang was the rival of Capitan Panchong for the position of gobernadorcillo. Presumably as part of his bid for election, he gave expensive gifts to Padre Agaton.
Cecilia, nicknamed the Pearl of Pili, was the daughter of Panchong and Barang and the younger sister of Cecilio.[1] Due to her parents being unable to financially support her, Cecilia was raised by her aunt Doña Orang in Manila. After Orang's death, Cecilia returned to Pili, named the sole heir to her aunt's great fortune. While picking up her aunt's documents from the tribunal, she encountered Isagani and fell in love with him. After her father fell ill, she was visited by Padre Agaton and conscripted into providing flowers for the palms for Palm Sunday.[2]
Isagani was a young clerk living in Pili. The nephew of Pili's assistant parish priest, he eventually encountered the gobernadorcillo's daughter, Cecilia, at the tribunal when she came to pick up some documents, entering a flirtation with her.[2] He later discussed Padre Agaton rushing the Mass with the other men of the town, brushing off Don Fermin's teasing about courting Cecilia
Padre Agaton was the parish priest of Pili. Loved and feared by both the townspeople and the entire province, he saw to it that any government officials that opposed him were removed from office. He was also spoken about fondly by other priests, even turning down the position of bishop. On one occasion, he mistreated the parish cook, Menang; soon after, he rushed the town's Mass and refused to bless Anday's young daughter for unknown reasons.[1] As part of his foul mood, he also refused to give his hand to be kissed during the besamanos. When Capitan Panchong fell ill, he paid him a visit in order to see his daughter Cecilia, conscripting her into providing flowers for the palms for Palm Sunday.
Titoy was Anday's lover and the son of her employers. While studying to become a priest, he eventually fell in love with Anday and had an affair with her. After she bore him a daughter, his parents discovered them and sent him away to Manila
Spanish version comes with four parts:
Section A – began in the same way as the tagalog version. However, on a different town, with some characters have different names and actions were more elaborated
Section B – introduction of more characters and more discussion about Fr. Agaton’s mood
Section C –
Capitan Panchong worried that the priest will not support him in the coming reelection.
Capitan Panchong become sick and was tended by his daughter, Cecilia, who then fell in love with Ysagani.
Capitan Panchong was healed by the holy water that Fr. Agaton have brought from the Jordan river
Fr. Agaton courted Cecilia
Lenten activities in Pili and the egg cracking game called “tuktukan”
Section D –
Procession
Fight over tuktukan
Talk against the evil Tanukang, who donated 200 pesos for the parish priest’s support in the election
Renewed inquiries into Padre Agaton’s behavior during the mass
Is one of the half dozen or so unfinished books of Rizal
What is Makamisa?
Some says it’s the title of cuartillas or quarter sheets that are beginning of a novel in Tagalog. According to Mariano Ponce, he doesn’t know if it’s a title of the chapter or the entire novel-in-progress
Composed of 2 chapters | incomplete | 20 pages | 34.2 x 22 cm | undated | unpublished
Believed to be written in Hongkong. When Rizal informed Blumentritt in his letter of 31 Jan 1892 that he had began another novel in Tagalog.
Later he discontinued writing the novel because he found it difficult to write in tagalog
So there’s another manuscript, written in Spanish. With same ideas, same characters but with different names. (National Library)
Reason why it is not known to the public:
It was mistaken to be a draft of noli me tangere
