2. Universal Exposition
(Exposition Universelle) 1889
• World's Fair held in Paris,
France
• 100th Anniversary of the
"storming of the Bastille", an
event traditionally considered
as the symbol for the beginning
of the French Revolution
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Difficulty of Finding Quarters
• For a short time, Rizal lived in the house
of his friend Valentin Ventura, at No. 45
Rue Maubeuge.
• He transferred his residence several
times.
• Finally, he lived together with two other
Filipinos – Capitan Justo Trinidad and
Jose Albert.
8.
9.
10. Life in Paris
• He used most of his time in..
- the reading room of the Bibliotheque
Nationale
- living quarters writing letters to his
family and friends
- the gymnasium for his daily physical
exercises
- visiting his friends
11.
12.
13.
14. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
• Kidlat Club
- Among the members were Antonio and
Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando
Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente,
Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas
- To bring together the young Filipinos
in the French capital
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
• Indios Bravos
- It’s members pledged to excel in
intellectual and physical prowess in
order to win the admiration of the
foreigners, particularly the Spaniards.
- They practised with the great
enthusiasm the use of the sword and
pistol.
- Rizal taught them judo.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
• R.D.I.M. Society - Redencion de los
Malayos (Redemption of the Malays)
- He only mentioned this secret society
to:
*Jose Maria Basa
*Marcelo H. del Pilar
- It was patterned after Freesmasonry
26. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
- Only a few trusted friends of Rizal
became members: Gregorio Aguilera, Jose
Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente, Marcelo H. del
Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero Roxas &
Father Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest)
- The aim of it was “the propagation of all
useful knowledge – scientific, artistic,
literary, etc. – in the Philippines & the
Redemption of the Malay Race”
27. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
- Rizal’s writing to Blumentritt from Hongkong
revealed his intention to be a leader of
freedom, if not in the Philippines, then in other
lands.
- Provisions for Bornean colonization:
*Right of the colonists to buy the lands
*Free use of the seashores
*Unusual long term of lease for 999 years
*“a period of time long enough for many
generations to form a nation and to
consolidate its status”
28. Annotated Edition of Morga
Published
• Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)
• He wrote in in the British Museum
• It was printed by Garnier Freres
• Professor Blumentritt – wrote the Prologue
• Rizal’s errors:
- Appraising the events of the past in the light of present
standards
- Attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the
abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that
Catholicism is bad
• Rizal published Morga’s Sucesos = best of the many histories of
the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers
• Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people, to know
their glorious past : TO THE FILIPINOS (p.159)
- Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent
of Spain
29.
30. Comment on Morga’s Publication
Date
• “Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890” – title page of
Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga
• Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of
Morga must have come off the press in 1889 – not 1890.
3 Letters:
*October 12, 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition
(Leitmeritz)
*December 28, 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero
Roxas from Paris to Lipa
*December 31, 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book
• Incontrovertible proofs that Morga’s Sucesos came off
the press in 1889.
31.
32. Rizal as Historian
• Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum (London)
and in the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his
historical knowledge
• His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read
historical documents:
- Pigafetta’s famous “First Voyage Around the World “
(Italian)
- Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace
(English)
- Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow (German)
• Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real
historian:
• Ma-yi (December 6, 1888) and Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta
(January 7, 1889) (both written in London)
33. The Philippines Within a Century
• In this article, he expressed his views on the
Spanish colonization in the Philippines
• He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end
of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia
• Parts:
- Beginning - glorious past of the Filipino people
- Middle - economic stagnation and happiness under
the harsh Spanish Rule
- Last - peered into the future and warned Spain of
what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if
she would not adopt a more liberal & enlightened
policy toward the Philippines
34. The Indolence of the Filipinos
• Defense of the alleged indolence of the
Filipinos
• Critical study of the causes why the
Filipinos did not work hard during the
Spanish regime
• Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by
nature indolent
35. The Indolence of the Filipinos
• 10 Causes of decline in economic life:
- Native revolts and other internal
disorders
- Wars which the Filipinos fought for
Spain (Dutch, Portuguese, English, etc.)
- Raids on the coastal towns and village by
the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
- Forced labor
- Lack of stimulus to work harder (people
could not enjoy the fruits of their labor)
36. The Indolence of the Filipinos
- Government neglect and indifference
(agriculture, industry, and commerce)
- Bad example shown by Spaniards -
despising manual labor
- Teaching of Spanish missionaries
- Gambling
- System of Spanish education
37. International Association of
Filipinologists
• Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)
• Letter to Blumentritt – January 14,
1889
• Prospectus: aim of the association – “to
study the Philippines from the scientific
and historical point of view”
38. International Association of
Filipinologists
• Officers:
- President: Dr. Ferdinand
Blumentritt(Austrian)
- Vice-President: Mr. Edmund
Plauchut(French)
- Counsellors:
*Dr. Reinhold Rost(Anglo-German)
*Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor(Filipino-
Spanish)
- Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal(Filipino)
39.
40. International Association of
Filipinologists
• August 1889 (Paris) – scheduled holding of
the inaugural convention
• Renowned scholars in Europe:
- Dr. Reinhold Rost
- Sir Henry Yule
- Dr. Feodor Jagor
- Dr. A.B. Meyer
- Dr. H. Kern
- Dr. Czepelak
41.
42. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Planned by Rizal while still in Paris
• To establish a modern college in Hong Kong
• Aim: “to train and educate men of good
family and financial means in accordance
with the demands of modern times and
circumstances”
• Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga)
- 40,000 pesos (initial capital)
43. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):
- Ethics
- Religion
- Natural Law
- Civil Law
- Deportment
- Hygiene
- Mathematics
- Physics and Chemistry
- Natural History
- Geography
44. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):
- Political Economy
- Universal History
- Philippine History
- Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics
- Spanish
- English
- French
- German
- Chinese
- Tagalog
45. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):
- Gymnastics
- Equitation
- Fencing
- Swimming
- Music
- Drawing
- Dancing
46. “Por Telefono”
• La Vision del Fray Rodiguez
- Fray Jose Rodriguez
• Por Telefono (Barcelona, 1889)
- Fr. Salvador Font (banning of Noli)
• “Dimas Alang”
• Telephone conversation between Fr.
Font (Madrid) and the father provincial
(San Agustin Convent-Manila)
47. Christmas in Paris
• Jose Albert
• Capitan Justo Trinidad
• Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice,
and vegetables
• Rizal’s last Christmas dinner in Paris
• After New Year – brief visit to London
(unknown purpose)
48. Christmas in Paris
• Two theoretical reasons:
- To check up his annotated edition of
Morga’s Sucesos with the original copy
in the British Museum; and
- To see Gertrude Beckett for the last
time
• Middle of January 1890 – back in Paris
