Cryogenic oxygen plant

1. OXYGEN PLANT INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW

2. CONTENT AVAILABLE
A. What is oxygen plant.
B. Capacity of the plant.
C. What is raw material for production of
oxygen.
D. Principle operation to attain oxygen.
E. Sections/units of the oxygen plant.

3. A. WHAT IS OXYGEN PLANT?
This is an industrial system that generates
massive volume of oxygen gas and liquid
which are at higher purity.
This produced oxygen is used in different
fields on variety of ways such as therapy,
welding, diving and many others.
On this session we will look on oxygen that is
provided therapeutically for medical
use(treatment)

4. B. CAPACITY OF THE OXYGEN
PLANT
The plant is capable of producing gaseous oxygen of
99.5% to 99.6 % at a rate of 100m3/hr and it can be
compressed up to 150bars.

5. C. RAW MATERIAL
 Typically Oxygen plant uses ambient air as a
primary basic raw material.
 Air is a mixture of oxygen (21%), nitrogen
(78%) and rare gases (1%).
 This ambient air undergoes several processes
of refining it to produce oxygen as we will see
later on this session.

6. D. PRINCIPLE OPERATION
Our medical oxygen plant uses a principle of cryogenic
to separate oxygen from other gases by boiling with
respect to their boiling point.
When considering cryogenic principle, temperature of
below -150 has to be attained in order for the process to
continue further.
The system uses a principle of thermodynamics called
Joule-Thomson expansion valve. Here the pressure is
lowered from 40bars up to 5bars, during this process of
lowering pressure also the temperature decreases up to -
150 and below while the rest of the energy gets damped
into a flywheel which is limited by a constant RPM
motor.

7.  Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it
can be converted from one form of energy to
another.
 By considering the point above, when a gas of air at
a pressure of 40bars enters the cryogenic expander
the energy which is in form of pressure it is
deducted up to 5bars and the rest of the energy it is
damped on a flywheel.
 The flywheel is mounted on a fixed RPM motor
which tend to resist the motion of flywheel and the
energy on it is damped by frictional force and hence
heat is dissipated and the energy is released
successfully from our system

8. E. UNITS OF OXYGEN PLANT
1. AIR COMPRESSOR.
AIR
OUTLET
AIR INLET
DISPLAY

9. On the air compressor is where the whole
process begins, the air is sucked in to the
rotary air compressor to get processed
Here, the air is compressed up to 5.2bars but
this pressure is not sufficient for the
accomplishment of the process for attaining
oxygen at higher purity.

10. 2. AIR BOOSTER
AIR INLET AIR OUTLET
PRESSURE
GAUGE DISPLAY
HEAT
EXCHANGERS
1ST AND 2ND COMPRESSION
ENGINES

11. Primarily we all know after the compression of air
is done to increase the pressure which in turns it
increases the temperature.
Air booster has a main task of increase the
pressure from 5.2bars up to 40bars and at this
pressure the temperature is very likely to be
extremely hot.
For this case heat exchanger must come in a play
to reduce/eliminate increment of temperature.
At this stage we can conclude that we have our
raw material at a required pressure for it to be
processed.

12. 3. SKID
The skid is made up of two essential units for
primary processing of our air which are
i. Cooling unit
PURGER
AFTER
COOLER
WASTE N2
OUTLET
CASCADE COOLER CHILLER UNIT

13.  After the air has attained its required pressure,
the temperature has to be lowered to about
12°C.
 This temperature cannot be attained in a single
unit such as air booster heat exchanger.
 While lowering temperature a lot of moisture
is formed which is not required in our plant as
it will chocked the plant. */we will see how it
happens later/*
 This formed moisture will be trapped in a
purger which is actively designed for that
purpose.

14. ii. Molecular sieve battery
OIL ADSORBER
TEMPERATURE
AND PRESSURE
GAUGES
MOLECULAR
SIEVE BATTERY

15.  Molecular sieve battery is also termed as
MSB.
 MSB has two main functionalities which are,
to restrict any moisture from proceeding any
further on the system and to restrict carbon
dioxide. This is because water solidify at a
temperature of zero and carbon dioxide
solidify a a temperature of
 Oil adsorber also plays a role of filtering air to
restrict any kind of oil from the air booster to
enter the MSB, this is because oil will reduce
the efficient of MSB from doing its task.

16. 4. CRYOGENIC EXPANDER
INSULATED
INLET AND
OUTLET
STREAM

17. This unit is highly specialized on production of
coldness which is essential and crusial on
production of high level of purity in oxygen on
our final product.
It is also termed as expansion engine.
This unit produces coldness by lowering pressure
from 40bars to 5bars, the energy attained from
lowering pressure is damped on the flywheel.
The temperature produced is -150 to -170, at this
temperature air gets liquefied and taken to the
column for further processing.

18. 5. AIR SEPARATION UNIT (ASU)

19. ASU uses a principle of fractional distilation
which it will separate liquids
according/depending of their boiling point.
Nitrogen is very volatile hence it will not
condense but oxygen will condense and then
later it can be attained as liquid or gas.
At critical pressure of 5bars and temperature of
-182 oxygen will liquify and at this point the
liquid that will be attained at the condensor
will be 99.5 to 99.9% oxygen only.

20. 6. LIQUID OXYGEN PUMP

21. This pump is designed to pump liquid only, so
the liquid oxygen is sucked from the condenser
at a pressure of 5bars and discharge it at a
pressure of 150bars.
150bar is the pressure required for filling the
oxygen cylinder but the discharged liquid is to
pass to the heat exchanger to change it state
from liquid to gas before being filled into the
cylinder.

22. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!!