Fundamentals of Arduino: Day-02

Today’s Agenda
• Intro to Arduino Coding
• Introduction to Proteus Design Suite (version: 08)
• Working with some simulation of Arduino based projects at Proteus
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All the contents collected from internet, is mentioned with
sources at the bottom slide
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Arduino Simulation using
Proteus (v:08)
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Proteus Design Suite
• The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used
primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used
mainly by electronic design engineers and technicians to create
schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit
boards (PCB). [wiki]
• Initially released on 1988
• Current Stable Release 8.10
• EDA (electronic design automation) software
• File Extension for created simulation: .pdsprj
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• Proteus owes its name to a Greek god of the sea (Proteus), who took
care of Neptune's crowd and gave responses; he was renowned for
being able to transform himself, assuming different shapes.
• There is a full-fledged ‘Programing Language’ named, ‘Proteus’.
It stands for: PROcessor for TExt Easy to Use.
Wiki- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus_(programming_language)
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• Features:
• Schematic Capture
• Microcontroller Simulation
• Printed Circuit Board (PCB) [upto 16 copper layer]
• 3D Modeling / Verification
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Installing Proteus (version:08) in your
machine
• Download from the following link and follow the instruction to install
the software properly in your machine.
https://drive.google.com/uc?id=0B7Kl58TCjALjcDdSOFZJa0hLT1k&expo
rt=download
• For instruction is written in Spanish language, please translate using
Google Translator and follow accordingly.
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Check if the software is running perfectly..
• If Proteus (version 08) is
being installed perfectly
according to the
instruction, the landing
page will be seemed
as following:
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Getting Started with Proteus Software
• Exploring the different keys and options of using the software:
• Ribbon Tools (horizontal)
• Pick up components
• Libraries
• Terminals and other tools in vertical ribbon
• Import Missing Library [Later On]
• PCB
• Blinking an LED
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But your Arduino Library should be missing..
29-Dec-20 All the contents collected from internet, is mentioned with sources at the bottom slide 16

Download the ‘Arduino’ Library for Proteus
• Download the following 02 files from the link:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ys9MC4hRXEcLYEcA7DJhCO8w
feWeqWpX?usp=sharing
• There are 02 types of files: .IDX and .LIB
• (.LIB) is for the libraries
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Now Projects…
• Today we will make total 04 projects
• Project-01: 7 Segment Display
• Project-02: Driving Motor with Motor Driver IC
• Project-03: Message Transmission using Tx-Rx Module
• Project-04: Using Temperature sensor (LM35)
• First 02 projects will be described in details, with electronics.
The last 02 will be shown only execution- to show the
methods. Basic PCB drawing will also be shown
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Project-01: Running 7-Segment Display
• Problem Statement:
We will take a 7-Segment Display (Common Anode/ Common Cathode) and
display 0-9 on that display in a cyclic order, continuously.
• 7- Segment Display

Project-01: Running 7-Segment Display (cont.)
• Components:
• Arduino Uno (Rev-3) x01
• 7-Segment Display (CC/CA) x01
• Resistor (01k) x01
• Power Source (PWR and GND)
• Component lists for commercial production is called BOM (Bills of
Materials)

• First, let’s see the LED Basics:
• A single LED consists of two terminals, an anode and a cathode. The
anode is the positive terminal and
the cathode is the negative terminal:
• To power the LED, you connect the cathode to
ground and the anode to the voltage supply.
The LED can be turned on or off by
switching power at the anode or the cathode.

• With the LED’s anode connected to a digital pin,
the cathode is connected to ground:
• Note: All LEDs need a current limiting resistor
placed on either the anode side or cathode side
to prevent the LED from burning out. The resistor
value will determine how bright the LED shines.
1K ohms is a good place to start, but you can
calculate the ideal value with an
LED resistor calculator.
[Link: https://ohmslawcalculator.com/led-resistor-calculator]

To light up an LED with the anode connected
to a digital pin, you set the digital pin to HIGH:
void setup()
{
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
}
void loop()
{
}
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• How 7-Segment Display works?
Seven segment displays consist of 7 LEDs,
called segments, arranged in the shape of an “8”.
Most 7-segment displays actually have
8 segments, with a dot on the right side of the
digit that serves as a decimal point.
Each segment is named with a letter A to G,
and DP for the decimal point:
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• Each segment on the display can be
controlled individually, just like a regular LED.
• There are two types of 7-segment displays
– common cathode and common anode.
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• Difference between Common Cathode & Common Anode 7-Segment
Display

• How to Tell If You Have a Common Anode or Common Cathode
Display
- To determine if a display is common anode or common cathode, you
can probe the pins with a test circuit constructed like this:

• How to Tell If You Have a Common Anode or Common Cathode
Display
Connect the ground (black) wire to any pin of the display. Then insert the positive (red) wire into each one of
the other pins. If no segments light up, move the ground wire over to another pin and repeat the process.
Do this until at least one segment lights up.
When the first segment lights up, leave the ground wire where it is, and connect the positive wire to each
one of the other pins again. If a different segment lights up with each different pin, you have a common
cathode display. The pin that’s connected to the ground wire is one of the common pins. There should be
two of these.
If two different pins light up the same segment, you have a common anode display. The pin that’s connected
to the positive wire is one of the common pins. Now if you connect the ground wire to each one of the other
pins, you should see that a different segment lights up with each different pin.

• How to Determine the Pinout for Your Display
Draw a diagram showing the pins on your display. With the common
pin connected to the ground wire (common cathode) or positive wire
(common anode), probe each pin with the other wire. When a segment
lights up, write down the segment name (A-G, or DP) next to the
corresponding pin on your diagram.
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• Resistors:

• Resistors: I recommend to visit the following site to know the brief
about different types of resistors and its variants
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/01/resistor-types-resistors-
fixed-variable-linear-non-linear.html

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We are using
Common Cathode:
Final Circuit Diagram will look like this

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TruthTable

(Coding)
• Copy the Code to Arduino IDE and Make Hex File.
• Our working Code is bit lengthy, because it has used the basic LED-
Driving Logic.
• We Can Also Use a special library, and thus we can make our 50+ line
code to only 10 lines!!
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(Coding)
• Download the SevSeg.h library from this link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fw4OJb5L5qLANli_cD4yJNmFWH2gF
Qev/view?usp=sharing
• Then write the following Code:
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Project-01: Running 7-Segment Display (Coding)
#include "SevSeg.h"
SevSeg sevseg;
void setup(){
byte numDigits = 1;
byte digitPins[] = {};
byte segmentPins[] = {6, 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9};
bool resistorsOnSegments = true;
byte hardwareConfig = COMMON_CATHODE;
sevseg.begin(hardwareConfig, numDigits, digitPins, segmentPins, resistorsOnSegments);
sevseg.setBrightness(90);
}
void loop(){
sevseg.setNumber(4);
sevseg.refreshDisplay();
}
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• So, the procedure is- building the circuit as showing.
• Then write the code at your Arduino IDE and make the Hex File- as
shown
• Upload the Code at simulated Arduino at Proteus
• Hit Run
• If any error occurs, debug.
• If not, Congratulations!
Follow the same procedure for next 03 projects also.

Project-02: Driving Motor with Motor Driver
Running a DC Motor using a Motor Driver IC based on Arduino
• Why Motor Driver IC?
• Arduino is not sufficient to drive the DC motor directly as the motor consumes
more current. Arduino can source 40mA (max) from its GPIOs and a DC motor
requires up to 200 - 300 mA. So, current amplification between the Arduino and
the DC motor is required. That is where the L293D IC H-bridge driver comes in.
• The main advantage of using an H-bridge is you only have to change the current
direction to move the motor forward or backward rather than changing voltage
polarity.
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Project-02: Driving Motor with Motor Driver(cont.)

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It requires two Vcc’s: 5V (Vcc1) for its internal driver operation and
12V (Vcc2) for the motor. The L293D can drive two motors at a time
and for each motor, it has two input pins (A) and two output pins (Y).
At one input pin, we have to pass a HIGH digital signal and
at other a LOW signal. These signals will then be amplified and
given to the motor. Basically what we have done is,
we have just applied a positive signal on one pin of the motor and
LOW signal to another pin of the motor.
This will tend to move the motor continuously in a particular direction
at maximum speed. But for assigning speed,
we will source PWM pulses from Arduino to enable the L293D’s pin.

• Components:
• DC Motor -5volt /12volt x01
• Motor Driver IC (L293d) x01
• Special Note on L293d: This IC can set up motors with a voltage between
5V to 36V and a current of up to 600 mA. However, it can withstand a
current up to 1200 mA in 100 microsecond and non-repetitive. The
frequency of this IC is 5 kHz.
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• Let’s build the circuit:
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• Now, the code..
int val =255;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
analogWrite(9,val);
analogWrite(10,0);
delay(10);
}
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• Let’s check PWM signal variance in this motor driving simulation:
• Add Oscilloscope and DIY. (Task-2)
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• If you want to run the simulation using L298 motor driver IC, instead
of L293d, you can follow this tutorial:
https://projectiot123.com/2019/03/25/l298-motor-driver-simulation-
in-proteus/
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Project-03: Message Transmission using Tx-Rx
Module
• We want to transmit a preset data/message from RF
(433MHz) transmitter module to another RF receiver
module.
• For this, you will need to install the library of RF Transmitter and Receiver (Rx-Tx),
which is basically a mimicry of a very popular, common 433MHz RF Tx-Rx.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7Kl58TCjALjRER0WFAtMDQwNDA/view
-Download from here and put the ‘.lib’ file to ‘Library’ Folder and ‘MDF’ file to
‘Models’ Folder and start the Proteus Software.
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Module
• Components:
• Modulo Rx Module x01
• Modulo Tx Module x01
• Virtual Terminal/ Serial Monitor Terminal
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Module
• Circuit Diagram:
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Module
• Code: easy one!!!
• After that. Load the hex file and run the code.
• Congratulations!
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Project-04: Using Temperature sensor (LM35)
We want to measure temperature of a controlled /covered
environment with a easy, cheap temperature sensor (LM35).
• Read the datasheet of LM35 to know more technical specification
about it. ‘How to read a datasheet’- is a very important research pre-
requisite.
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• Components:
• LM35 x01
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• Circuit Diagram:
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Code:
int val;
int tempPin=1;
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); }
void loop() {
val= analogRead(tempPin);
float mv= (val/1024.0)*5000;
float cel=mv/10;
Serial.print ("Temperature = ");
Serial.print(cel);
Serial.print("*C");
Serial.println();
delay(1000);
}
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Congratulations!
You have completed all 04 simulations using Proteus and Arduino!!
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Some Other Projects: Ultrasonic Sensor
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Some Other Projects: Xbee Communication
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Some Other Projects: Water Sensor Simulation
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Troubleshooting Circuit Design in Proteus
• First: Follow their Manual
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MkWjGOABsnsFJUrqjUK0i3H10mSo-
7Kb/view?usp=sharing
• Google
• Youtube
• Forums
• Redwan at Google Classroom!
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Anything you want me to tell?
Thank You
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Bibliography
• https://maker.pro/arduino/projects/how-to-simulate-arduino-projects-using-proteus
• https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/01/resistor-types-resistors-fixed-variable-linear-non-linear.html
• https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/191336/how-to-unhide-hidden-pins-in-proteus
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus_Design_Suite
• https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2015/09/interfacing-lm35-arduino-proteus-isis.html
• https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/7-segment-display-interfacing-with-arduino
• https://www.electronicslovers.com/2017/09/interfacing-of-seven-segment-display-with-arduino-in-
proteus.html
• https://www.circuitbasics.com/arduino-7-segment-display-tutorial/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N63BYtw7bOg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ES-Noqlej9c
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDkIXWBkdqI
• https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2015/09/interfacing-lm35-arduino-proteus-isis.html
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Fundamentals of Arduino: Day-02

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