PANDEMIS: AIDS, COVID-19 AND BLACK PLAGUE

1. PANDEMICS
BY RAQUEL LÓPEZ AND CRISTINA ARÉVALO

2. INDEX
 What is a pandemic
 Aids
 Covid-19
 Black plague
 Bibliography

3. WHAT IS A PANDEMIC?
A pandemic is when an epidemic outbreak affects more tan 1 continente
and the cases of each countrynare not imported, but caused by
community transmisión
Example about Covid-19:
“While the cases were imported and the epidemic focus was located in
China, the situation was described as an epidemic, but the moment it
jumps to other countries and there are community infections in more
than one continent, it becomes a pandemic”
Angel Gil

4. AIDS
Is a chronic life-threating condition caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
HIV interferes with your body’s ability to fight infection and disease,
damaging your immune system.
It has many forms of transmission such as:
- Blood
- Semen and pre-seminal fluid
- Rectal fluid
- Vaginal fluids
- Breast milk

5. Since the begginig of the pandemic to the present, 37,9 million people
have been infected globally and there are about 170000 deaths reported.
They haven’t find an effective cure yet but with some special treatment
and medical care, you can control it. There is a medicine for it called
anteretroviral therapy (ART).
There are many preventions you can take in order to have a ordinary life
such us:
- Never share needles and syringes
- Using condoms
- Take HIV prevention medicines.

6. CORONAVIRUS
Coronavirus are a family of viruses that cause respiratory illnesses
such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),
and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
The forms of transmission are:
- Close contact with someone infected.
- By indirect contact through contaminated hands or objects.
- Inhalation of respiratory droplets and aerosols emitted by the
person with
Coronavirus.
- Sharing or touch the same things with an infected person.

7. The first case of Covid-19 was discovered in Wuhan, China. There have
been 303M people infected since the pandemic started and about 5'5M
deaths.

8. Also, there have been many waves of Covid-19, each one with a different
variant (which are caused when the main virus changes).
Covid-19
Beta (Sudafrican)
Alfa
Omicrón
Gamma (Brasilian)
Delta (India)

9. Some tips to prevent Coviid-19 are:
- Get vaccinated
- FFP2 or quirurgical mask
- Hydroalcoholic gel
- Wash your hands regularly
- Avoid physical contact
- Social distance
There isn’t a treatment for Covid-19 but paracetamol can help with the
headaches, to avoid spreding it you must be isolated:

10. BLACK PLAGUE
It is a disease which lasted around 7 years during the end of Middle ages
and caused around 200M deaths, there are 3 types:
- Bubonic: lumps in the groin, armpit, or neck.
- Septicemic: darkening and death of tissue in the nose and fingers.
- Pulmonar: cough with blood
It came to humans through zoonosis (transmitted from animals to humans).
It has always been considered that it was the black rat from Asia that
spread the disease through its fleas, which carried the bacteria Yersinia
pestis , but it turned out to be gerbils (also from Asia).
It was transmited due to the bad immune system caused by poor diets and
lack of hygiene because of low temperatures which caused low harvest and
an economical crisis.

11. It could be transmited by:
- the bite of infected fleas
- direct contact with infected body fluids or contaminated materials
- inhalation of respiratory droplets or small particles from patients with
pneumonic plague
To avoid getting sick you must avoid flea bites, do not touch dead animals
bodies and avoid all direct contact with tissues and body fluids of infected
people.
To treat plague, antibiotics can be used, but for the people which have the
pneumonic one they need to be isolated.

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://canalhistoria.es/el-origen-de-las-cosas/la-peste-negra/
 https://www.unionpuebla.mx/articulo/2021/05/17/educacion/peste-negra-
resumen-que-fue-cuantos-anos-duro-similitudes-con-covid
 https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-
sheets/detail/plague#:~:text=La%20peste%20se%20transmite%20entre,grave%
20para%20el%20ser%20humano
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/plague/symptoms-
causes/syc-20351291
 https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-
transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-
recommendations

13.  https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-
of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations
 https://gacetamedica.com/investigacion/cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-brote-
epidemia-y-pandemia/
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-
20373524#:~:text=Acquired%20immunodeficiency%20syndrome%20(AIDS)%20is,to%
20fight%20infection%20and%20disease
 https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prevention.html#:~:text=You%20can%20use%20s
trategies%20such,%2Dexposure%20prophylaxis%20(PEP)
 https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/treatment.html
 https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/how-is-hiv-
transmitted
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-
20373524#:~:text=Acquired%20immunodeficiency%20syndrome%20(AIDS)%20is,to%
20fight%20infection%20and%20disease

14. THE END
Made by Raquel López and Cristina Arévalo