What is a pandemic

1. GRADE 6 MAPEH

3. Pandemic
A pandemic is the
worldwide spread of a
new disease.

4. Pandemic
An influenza pandemic occurs when a
new influenza virus emerges and
spreads around the world, and most
people do not have immunity.
Viruses that have caused past
pandemics typically originated from
animal influenza viruses.

5. Pandemic
Some aspects of influenza pandemics can appear similar to
seasonal influenza while other characteristics may be quite
different.
For example, both seasonal and pandemic influenza can
cause infections in all age groups, and most cases will result
in self-limited illness in which the person recovers fully
without treatment.
However, typical seasonal influenza causes most of its
deaths among the elderly while other severe cases occur
most commonly in people with a variety of medical
conditions.

6. Pandemic
By contrast, this H1N1 pandemic caused
most of its severe or fatal disease in
younger people, both those with
chronic conditions as well as healthy
persons, and caused many more cases
of viral pneumonia than is normally seen
with seasonal influenza.

7. Pandemic
For both seasonal and pandemic influenza, the total
number of people who get severely ill can vary.
However, the impact or severity tends to be higher in
pandemics in part because of the much larger number
of people in the population who lack pre-existing
immunity to the new virus.
When a large portion of the population is infected, even
if the proportion of those infected that go on to develop
severe disease is small, the total number of severe cases
can be quite large.

8. Pandemic
For both seasonal and pandemic influenza, the highest
levels of activity would be expected to occur in the usual
influenza season period for an area.
(In the temperate climate zones, this is usually the winter
months, for example).
But as was seen with the current H1N1 pandemic,
pandemics can have unusual epidemiological patterns
and large outbreaks can occur in the summer months.

10. Spanish flu
•The Spanish flu, also known as the 1918
flu pandemic, was an unusually
deadly influenza pandemic caused by
the H1N1 influenzaA virus.

12. Spanish flu
•Lasting for more than 12 months
from spring 1918 (northern hemisphere)
to early summer 1919, it infected
500 million people – about a third of the
world's population at the time.

14. Spanish flu
The death toll is estimated to have
been anywhere from 17 million to
50 million, and possibly as high as
100 million, making it one of
the deadliest pandemics in human
history.

16. What is an epidemic?
An epidemic occurs when an infectious
disease spreads rapidly to many people.
For example, in 2003, the severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic
took the lives of nearly 800 people
worldwide.

18. World Health Organization (WHO)
The World Health
Organization (WHO) is
a specialized agency of
the United
Nations responsible for
international public
health.

19. World Health Organization (WHO)
TheWHO Constitution,
which establishes the
agency's governing
structure and principles,
states its main objective
as ensuring "the
attainment by all
peoples of the highest
possible level of health."

20. World Health Organization (WHO)
It is headquartered
in Geneva, Switzerla
nd, with six semi-
autonomous
regional offices and
150 field offices
worldwide.

21. Pandemic
The group’s director -general says theWHO
assesses whether to use the word ‘pandemic’ by
evaluating 3 things
1. Geographical spread of the virus.
2.The severity of the disease caused by the virus
and lastly…
3.The social impact of the disease.

22. What is Coronavirus disease?
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an
infectious disease caused by a newly
discovered coronavirus.

24. What is Coronavirus disease?
Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will
experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and
recover without requiring special treatment. Older
people, and those with underlying medical problems like
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory
disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious
illness.

27. What is Coronavirus disease?
The best way to prevent and slow down
transmission is be well informed about the COVID-
19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads.
Protect yourself and others from infection by
washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub
frequently and not touching your face.

29. What is Coronavirus disease?
The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through
droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when
an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s
important that you also practice respiratory
etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed
elbow).

31. What is Coronavirus disease?
At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments
for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical
trials evaluating potential treatments.WHO will continue
to provide updated information as soon as clinical
findings become available.

33. What is Coronavirus disease?
Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in
March 2020.

35. What is Asian flu?
The 1957–1958 influenza pandemic, also
known as Asian flu, was a global pandemic
of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 which
originated in Guizhou, China and killed at least
1 million people worldwide.

37. What is Hongkong Flu?
The Hong Kong flu (also known as 1968 flu
pandemic) was a flu pandemic whose
outbreak in 1968 and 1969 killed an estimated
one million people all over the world.

39. What is Hongkong Flu?
It was caused by an H3N2 strain of
the influenza A virus, descended
from H2N2 through antigenic shift,
a genetic process in which genes from
multiple subtypes reassorted to form a new
virus.

42. What is Swine flu?
H1N1 flu is also known as swine flu. It's
called swine flu because in the past, the
people who caught it had direct contact
with pigs.That changed several years
ago, when a new virus emerged that
spread among people who hadn't been
near pigs.

44. What is Swine flu?
•In 2009, H1N1 was spreading fast
around the world, so theWorld
Health Organization called it a
pandemic. Since then, people have
continued to get sick from swine flu,
but not as many.

46. What is Swine flu?
•While swine flu isn't as scary as it seemed a
few years ago, it's still important to protect
yourself from getting it. Like seasonal flu, it
can cause more serious health problems for
some people.The best bet is to get a flu
vaccine, or flu shot, every year. Swine flu is
one of the viruses included in the vaccine.

48. What is the economic cost of a pandemic?
https://www.investopedia.com/special-economic-impact-of-pandemics-4800597

49. About SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral
respiratory illness that first emerged in China in
November 2002, and later spread through international
travel to 29 countries worldwide causing large outbreaks
in Hong Kong;Taiwan; Singapore; Hanoi,Vietnam; and
Toronto, Canada.
According to theWorld Health Organization (WHO), from
November 2002 to July 31, 2003, there were 8,098 cases
of SARS; of these, 774 died.

51. About SARS
On October 1, 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), reported that there were 164 probable
and suspect SARS cases in the United States, of which
only eight had laboratory evidence of SARS.

53. About SARS
There were no deaths due to SARS in the
US. Most of the U.S. SARS cases were
among travelers returning from other
parts of the world with SARS.

55. About SARS
There were 11 suspect and probable SARS
cases investigated by the Minnesota
Department of Health; many of these
individuals had an alternative diagnosis that
could explain their symptoms.