transistor and capacitor

1. Definition
Transistor are electronic devices made of three layers of semiconductor material that
can act as insulator and a conductor.
Function of Transistor:
Transistor are the small electronic components with
two main function.
1) Switch circuits ON & OFF
2) Amplify Signals

2. The first working device to be built was a point-contact
transistor invented in 1947 by American physicists John
Bardeen and Walter Brattain while working under William
Shockley at Bell Labs. The three shared the 1956 Nobel
Prize in Physics for their achievement.
In 1906 an American inventor and physicist Lee De Forest made the vacuum triode or
audion as he called it.
 Used in Radio
 Used in early computers
History

3. Types of
Transistor

4. Regions of
Transistor
A Bi-Junction transistor has three regions namely.
A.Emitter- heavily doped
B. Base- lightly doped
C. Collector- moderately doped

5. Working
of
Transistor

6. PNP Transistor

7. NPN Transistor

8. Difference

9. Application
1.Transistor as Switch:
When used as an electronic
switch, the transistor is
normally operated alternately
in cut-off and saturation
regions.
2.Transistor as Amplifier:
Due to small changes in base
current the collector current will
mimic the input with greater
amplitude.

10. Modern
Technology
3D
Transistor:
3D Transistor made using Tri-Gate transistor on its 22nm logic
technology.
Advantages of 3D Transistor:
1. More than 50% power reduction at
constant performance.
2. 37% performance increase at low
voltage.
3. Improved performance and efficiency.