2. Content
What is a Transistor?
Evolution of transistor
Importance of transistor
Definition & transistor types
Transistor symbol & operation
Advantages of transistor
Latest in transistor technology
References
3. What is a Transistor?
Semiconductors: ability to change
from conductor to insulator
Can either allow current or
prohibit current to flow
Useful as a switch, but also as an
amplifier
Essential part of many
technological advances
4. History of transistors
In 1906, an American inventor and physicist,
Lee
De Forest, made the vacuum tube triode or
audion as he called it.
Used in radios
Used in early computers
5. The first transistor
In 1947, John
Bardeen and
Walter Brattain
deviced - the first
"point contact"
transistor.
6. Transistor Definition
Transistor is an electronic device
made of three layers of
semiconductor material that can act
as an insulator and a conductor.
The three layered transistor is also
known as the bipolar junction
transistor.
7. Bipolar Junction Transistors
(BJT’s)
The term bipolar refers to the use of both
holes and electrons as charge carriers in
the transistor structure
There are two types of BJTs, the NPN
and PNP
14. Types of transistor
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
UJT- Unipolar Junction Transistor
FET - Field Effect Transistor
MOS - Metal Oxide Semiconductor
15. Transistor applications
Transistor as a switch
When used as an electronic
switch, the transistor is normally operated
alternately in cut-off and saturation
regions.
16. Transistor as amplifier
Due to the small changes in base current
the collector current will mimic the input
with greater amplitude
17. Future of Transistors
Molecular electronics
Carbon nano tube transistors
Nanoinspiration wire transistors
Quantum computing
CMOS devices will add functionality to
CMOS non-volatile memory, opto-
electronics, sensing….
CMOS technology will address new
markets macroelectronics, bio-medical
devices, …
Biology may provide for new
technologies bottom-up assembly,
human intelligence
18. What’s new in transistor
technology?
3D Transistor made using
Tri-Gate transistors on its 22nm logic
technology.
Advantage of Tri-Gate Transistors
·More than 50% power reduction at
constant performance.
·37% performance increase at low
voltage
·Improved performance and efficiency.
