Statistics and Probability

2. PRESENTATION BY : MUHAMMAD ZAID ZULFIQAR
SUBJECT : STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
ROLL NUMBER :17ME02
SUBMITTEDTO: SIR ALI ASGHAR SANGHA

3. INTRODUCTIONTO STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
❑STATISTICS:
❑ The science of learning from data, and of measuring, controlling and
communicating uncertainty.
❑ Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis,
interpretation and presentation of data.
❑PROBABILITY:
❑ Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with calculating the likelihood
of a given event's occurrence, which is expressed as a number between 1 and
0.
❑ An event with a probability of 1 can be considered a certainty.
❑ An event with a probability of 0 can be considered an impossibility.

4. STATISTICAL INQUIRY CYCLE
PROBLEM
PLAN
DATA
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
Grasping system dynamics
Defining Problem
Measurement System Sampling
design Data Management
Piloting and analysis
Data exploration Planned
analyses Unplanned
Analyses Hypothesis
Generation Data Collection
Data Management
Data Cleaning
Interpretation
Conclusions New
Ideas
Communication
PPDAC

5. IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
 Importance of statistics:
 Statistical knowledge helps you use the proper methods to collect the data, employ
the correct analyses, and effectively present the results. Statistics is a crucial process
behind how we make discoveries in science, make decisions based on data, and make
predictions. Statistics allows you to understand a subject much more deeply.
 Importance of Probability:
 The concept of probability is as important as it is misunderstood. It is vital to have an
understanding the nature of chance and variation in life, in order to be a well-
informed, (or “efficient”) citizen. One area in which this is extremely important is in
understanding risk and relative risk.

6. POPULATION
OF PAKISTAN:
 What is Population?
 The collection of people living
in a given geographic area, or
space, usually measured by a
census.
 Demography :
 The study of Human
Population
 The Study of population is
almost always governed by
Laws of Probability.

7. PAKISTAN
 Pakistan is world’s 6𝑡ℎ most populous country.
 With an estimated population of 212.2 million at March 2019
 Natural Growth rate 2.1%.
 With same growth rate, By 2050 Pakistan will become the 3𝑟𝑑
Largest nation with estimated population of 380
million.
 With the median age of around 24.1 years.Therefore, it is called a “YOUNG” Country
 Currently approximately 120 million below the age of 30 years.
 Total working age of population is 130 million.
 Pakistan hasWorld’s 9𝑡ℎ
Largest Labour Force estimated 62.18 million as of 2019-20
 Proportion of population residing in urban centres has risen to 36% and rest of 64% is Rural Centers.

8. ❑ Life expectancy in Pakistan was 67.7 years in 2016
For Male 65.8 years
For Female 69.8 years
0-14 years 15-64 years 65 and over
35.4% of Total Population
Male= 35,475,647
Female= 33,586,757
60.4% of Total Population
Male= 60,766,105
Female= 56,886,961
4.2% of Total Population
Male= 3,890,840
Female 4,325,538
At Birth 1.05 male(s) / female
Under 15 1.056 male(s) / female
15-64Years 1.068 male(s) / female
65 and over 0.9 male(s) / female

9. CENSUSES RESULTS IN PAKISTAN FROM 1951-2017
53.8
53.5
53.2
52.5
52
51.3
100
100
100
100
100
100
46.2
46.5
46.7
47.5
48
48.7
1951 1961 1972 1981 1998 2017
Male % Total % Female %

10. CENSUSES IN PAKISTAN ON HISTOGRAM GRAPH

11. 2017 CENSUS POPULATION OF PAKISTAN IN PIE GRAPH
52%
23%
15%
6%
2%
1%
1%
Population
Punjab Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan FATA ICT

12. DEATH RATE IN PAKISTAN FROM 2010 UPTO NOW

13. BIRTH RATE IN PAKISTAN TILL 2017

15. CONCLUSION
o Hence as a conclusion, the rate of mortality is clearly dependent on level of development of the state,
as both the medical care and the level of HDI are clearly responsible for death ratio.
o An Uncontrolled population growth has been identified as one of the major hinderances to
sustainability of economic growth which is essential for attainment of economic development in
Pakistan.
o Human population explosion is a problem, that leads to several other problems like illiteracy,
unemployment, poverty, polluted air and water.
o Population is still rising even with decreasing growth rate; Pakistan is overviewing on population
decline so likely would pass through demographic transition to be in position to transition to
ecologically sustainable economy.

16. SUGGESTIONS:
 The implications are enormous, and need planning, to feed this growing population.
 Progress Should be made in Pakistan, by increasing education, and reducing birth rate
to sustainable levels.
 Understand importance of education, human rights and population control strategies.
 Health and reproductive system and counselling can reduce fertility rates.
 New “Green” Technologies can help reduce population growth’s environmental
impacts.