1) The document discusses the concept of collective intelligence, which refers to knowledge that grows out of a group working together. 2) It provides a brief history of collective intelligence, from early humans coordinating hunting strategies through cave paintings, to the printing press allowing wider communication. 3) Technology now plays an important role in facilitating collective intelligence by allowing large networks and global collaboration through platforms like social media and websites.

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Session 8
Concept of Collective
Intelligence
RALPH C. NAVELINO
Altamarino-Clasio HS/ SDO Camarines Sur/ Region V-Bicol

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Objectives:
1. Discuss the concept of collective intelligence;
2. consider when collective intelligence may be
valuable or not; and
3. explore the benefits of working as a team to
create new information or output.

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A Brief History of Collective Intelligence
• Collective Intelligence is an output of successful
collaboration, and helps us generate better insights, make
better predictions and to coordinate action at scale.
However collective intelligence is not a given and
frequently does not occur, unless we are able to
successfully integrate different perspectives and data.
• One way to better understand what collective intelligence
is, is to see how it has evolved as a result of new
communication tools. As Yuval Harari describes in his book
Sapiens, large scale human cooperation is basically our
superpower as a species, and as we became better at it
we became the most successful (or dangerous) species on
Earth.

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A Brief History of Collective Intelligence
Hunting together
Our collective intelligence can be traced back to cave
paintings where simple concepts (such as hunting) could
be explained to others. This allowed groups to better
coordinate their actions and achieve a higher success
rate in hunting. In other words there was someone who
thought that if everybody would understand the plan, we
we would be better off, and so organized the first “All
Hands Meeting”. We still use this method to this day, but
but in the form of post-its and whiteboards.

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A Brief History of Collective Intelligence

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A Brief History of Collective Intelligence
Communicating at scale
In the 15th century, writing was a privilege of the elite. With the
the invention of the printing press, communication was
revolutionized and democratized and knowledge was made
available to many more people. Writing and printing were crucial
crucial as the size of the teams and tribes continued to grow
rapidly.

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A Brief History of Collective Intelligence
• The concept (although not so named) originated in 1785 with
the Marquis de Condorcet, whose "jury theorem" states that if
each member of a voting group is more likely than not to make
a correct decision, the probability that the highest vote of the
group is the correct decision increases with the number of
members of the group.
• In a 1962 research report, Douglas Engelbart linked collective
intelligence to organisational effectiveness, and predicted
that pro-actively 'augmenting human intellect' would yield a
multiplier effect in group problem solving. In 1994, he coined
the term 'collective IQ' as a measure of collective intelligence,
to focus attention on the opportunity to significantly raise
collective IQ in business and society.

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A Brief History of Collective Intelligence
“Collective intelligence is humans, all living systems
and machines co-evolving together.”
-CASSIE ROBINSON-

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Collective intelligence is the body of
knowledge that grows out of a group. When
groups of people work together, they create
intelligence that cannot exist on an individual
level. Making decisions as a group, forming a
consensus, getting ideas from different
sources, and motivating people through
competition are all components of collective
intelligence.

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Sources of Collective Intelligence
Many different theories exist regarding where collective intelligence
comes from and where it resides. The Co-Intelligence Institute
notes that intelligence in a group dynamic involves many different
approaches and perspectives and can include several factors. These
can include:
• Experiencing the intelligence of groups of people as a larger body
intelligence that operates through individuals.
• The minds that comprise the intelligence collective influence the
whole and those who access its common body of knowledge.
• An emergent property of a social system that includes information
gathering, communication systems, learning systems, and similar
cultural patterns.
• Is a group phenomenon in which the intelligence of each
merges into a larger form of intelligence.

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Intelligence as a Capacity and as Strategic
Information
• The ability to adapt and solve problems, such as problem-
solving, reasoning, learning, prediction, etc. are all ascribed to
intelligence as a collective capacity. Other components of
intelligence as a capacity include perception, reasoning and
logic, analysis, intuition, experience, consciousness and
awareness, reflection, creation, and invention, among others.
• Strategically using facts that have been gathered is another
crucial component of intelligence. Think of the intelligence that
countries gather as an example. The information gathered acts
as a basis for crucial decision-making and affects society as a
whole. While intelligence professionals only make up a small
percentage of society at large, such individuals exist in societies
on different levels and contribute to the larger sense of what
intelligence is all about.

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Principles of collective intelligence
According to theorists Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams,
collective intelligence is an outcome of group behavior they
categorize as mass collaboration that is founded upon four distinct
principles: Openness, Peering, Sharing, and Acting Globally.
1. Openness
• Simply put, this condition implies that all participants approach
their work or a project without thinking “this idea is mine.”
2. Peering
• Peering implies that work or projects will be opened up
“horizontally” from which people are able to champion ideas and
grow a project out in a direction on their own, without the need
for approval from a hierarchy.

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Principles of collective intelligence
3. Sharing
• Sharing clarifies the need for intellectual property to be
shared with others in the group. It is essential as it allows
for the fluid exchange of ideas and critiques.
4. Acting Globally
• This principle is founded on the advancement of
technology that allow organizations to reach out across
their entire network of collaborators and to engage
everyone. This concept overcomes barriers like
department or borders in an effort to capture and utilize
new ideas, new talents, and new markets.

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How Technology Fits Into Collective
Intelligence
Technology plays an increasingly important part in
group intelligence. Technology facilitates the
development and maintenance of platforms where
people can come together as a collective and exchange
information. The advanced technology available in
smartphones allows a person to connect in traditional
ways, such as through conversation. It also allows
individuals to connect in large networks, such as
through video conferencing apps, social media forums,
websites with chat or forums, and more.

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What are some offline and online examples
of collective intelligence?
Students should understand that collective intelligence is knowledge
collected from many people towards a common goal.
Offline examples:
• Doing a group project
• Making a movie
• Publishing a newspaper
Online examples:
• Wikis that allow anyone to create and edit public Web entries
• Public contests to answer problems or create products
• Websites that allow people to see reviews from other users

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Benefits of collective intelligence
1. Enhances student's creativity in using ICT (Meza et al.,
2018).
2. The use of CI has enormous potential to improve
collaboration, social learning, and problem solving (Tenório
et al., 2021).
3. Social media sites or webpage use “idea generation” tools to
help solicit and evaluate new ideas (Hansen et al., 2020).
4. It gives the teacher the ability to generate reports of trends
and behaviors of their students, real-time assessment of the
quality of learning material (Meza et al. 2017)
5. It improves student motivation, as it helps you discover new
content of interest in an easy way (Meza et al. 2017).

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REFERENCES
Meza, Jaime & Jimenez, Alex & Bravo, Karina & Vaca-Cardenas, Leticia. (2018).
Collective Intelligence Education, Enhancing the Collaborative Learning.
10.1109/ICEDEG.2018.8372324.
T. Tenório, S. Isotani, I. I. Bittencourt and Y. Lu. (2020). "The State-of-the-Art on
Collective Intelligence in Online Educational Technologies," in IEEE Transactions on
Learning Technologies, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 257-271, doi: 10.1109/TLT.2021.3073559.
Derek L. Hansen, Ben Shneiderman, Marc A. Smith, Itai Himelboim (2020). Analyzing
Social Media Networks with NodeXL (Second Edition),https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-
0-12-817756-3.09990-8.
J. Meza, L. Vaca, E. Simó, J.M. Monguet (2017). TOWARD A COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE
RECOMMENDER SYSTEM FOR EDUCATION, EDULEARN17 Proceedings, pp. 5946-5955.
5955.

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ANY
QUESTIONS?

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THANK YOU EVERYONE!

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lisqup.support@pnu.edu.ph Linking Standards and Quality Practice