1. SUGARCANE-A Source of
Renewable Energy
By
RAKTIM SAIKIA
Dept. of ENERGY
TEZPUR CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
Email-saikiaraktim2597@gmail.com
2. Sugarcane is
generally a
simple plant,
which is
cultivated for
making sugar
and juice.
Due to its
economical
demand ,it is
mostly
cultivated.
3. Classification of Sugarcane
Kingdom Plantae Plants
Sub-kingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plants
Super-division Spermatophyta Seed plants
Division (Phylum) Magnoliophyta Flower bearing
plants
Class Liliopsid Monocotyledons
Subclass Commelinidae –
Order Poales –
Family Poaceae Grass family
Genus Saccharum
4. CULTURE of Sugarcane
Sugarcane is propagated primarily by the planting
of cuttings. The sections of the stalk of immature
cane used for planting are known as seed cane, or
cane sets, and have two or more buds (eyes),
usually three. Seed cane is planted in well-worked
fields. Mechanical planters that open the furrow,
fertilize, drop the seed cane, and cover it with soil
are widely used. Seed cane is spaced 1.4 to 1.8
metres (4.5 to 6 feet) apart at densities 10,000 to
25,000 per hectare (4,000 to 10,000 per acre).
5. CULTURE of Sugarcane
Contd.
Under favourable conditions, each bud
germinates and produces a primary shoot.
Root bands adjacent to each bud give rise to a
large number of roots, and each young shoot
develops its own root system. Tillering, or
sprouting at the base of the plant, takes place,
and each original seed cane develops into a
number of growing canes, forming a stool.
The plant crop is obtained from these stools.
6. DISEASE of SUGARCANE
The sugarcane plant is subject to many diseases.
Sereh, a blackening and degeneration of the fanlike
tops, is caused by an East Indian virus. Mosaic,
which causes mottling or spotting of foliage and
sometimes curling, dwarfing, and narrowing of the
leaves, is due to infection by any of several viruses.
Red rot (important in Indonesia and South Asia) is
characterized by interrupted red and white patches
within the cane along with a sour alcoholic odour
when the cane is split open.
7. DISEASE of SUGARCANE
Contd.
Caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum
(Glomerella tucumanensis), red rot first attracts
attention by a yellowing and withering of the leaf, and
eventually the entire plant dies. Gumming disease
(important in New South Wales, Australia) is
characterized by gummosis, the pathological production
of gummy exudates as a result of cell degeneration; it is
caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas vasculorum. Fiji
disease, a virus disease first reported from the Fiji
islands, is characterized by elongated white to brown
swellings on the underside of the leaves, followed by
stunting and death.
8. BREEDING of Sugarcane
Sugarcane was originally cultivated by natives of
southern Pacific islands. Most present-day commercial
canes are the off springs or hybrids directly descended
from the Cheribon cane (Saccharum officinarum), a
Javan noble cane which was developed from a wild
cane species, S. robustom. Noble canes, which represent
the highest development of the species, are
characterized by thick barrel-shaped internodes, or
segments; large soft-rinded juicy stalks; and high sugar
content. The purpose of sugarcane breeding is to
produce new hybrid varieties that will be immune, or
resistant,
9. SUGARCANE as BIOMASS
Sugarcane can be use
as biomass as
BAGASE.Bagase is
the 2nd stage of
sugarcane.When the
juice is extracted from
the plant,at that
moment sugarcane is
called BAGASE
10. Bagasse Distribution and Use
It’s composition are
• Cellulose: 45%–55%
• Hemicellulose: 20%–
25%
• Lignin: 18%–24%
• Ash: 1%–4%
• Waxes: <1%
11. Contd.
Bagasse has historically been used as a fuel in the
sugar industry, and although its calorific value is
relatively low (~5,600 to 8,900 kJ/kg) as compared
with traditional fossil fuels, there is no doubt that it
constitutes a valuable energy source, especially for
countries that don’t have significant availability of
fuels and that are major sugar producers, like Cuba.
The high-fiber sugarcane (HFS), sugarcane harvest
residues (SHR), and integral milled cane (IMC)
constitute other sugarcane byproducts and residues
that could be used as fuels for steam generation in
sugar factories.
