Principles of Integrated Pest Management (PIDM)

1. R.K. Panse
Asstt. Prof. (Entomology)
JNKVV-College of Agriculture, Balaghat
Lecture 1
Categories of Insect Pests
Subject: Principles of Integrated pest and Disease Management

2. The word PEST derived from French PESTE & Latin PESTIS meaning
PLAGUE or CONTIGIOUS DISEASE
According to FAO (1996) Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic
agent injurious to plants, plant products, man and his interests
Birds Rats Mites Insect pests
PEST- Meaning & Definition

3. Importance
 Serious impact on economic output of farm either directly orindirectly
 Contaminate food grains
Losses caused by different pests in India
(Dhaliwal et.al,2015: Indian Journal of
Entomology,77(2) :165-168)
Due to spoilage by pests
15.7 % food grain loss
Rs. 2,37,600 crore loss

4. I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE
Aphids on cotton
1. REGULAR PEST : The pest which occurs more
frequently or regularly on a crop & have a close
association with a particular crop
 Thrips on chilli
 Aphids on cotton
Thrips on chilli
Types / kinds / categories of pests

5. 2. OCCASIONAL PEST : The pest which occurs
infrequently or occasionally on a particular crop & do
not have any close association with a particular crop
 Caseworm on rice
 Stem borer on mango
 Slug caterpillar on mango
Caseworm on rice
Stem borer onmango
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE

6. 3. SEASONAL PEST : The pest which occurs on a
crop at a particular season of the year
 RHHC on groundnut occurs in kharif season
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE

7. Mealy bugs on mango
Scales on mango Mealy bugs on grapes
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE
4. PERSISTANT PEST : The pest which occurs on a crop
almost throughout the year
Mealy bug & scales on mango & grapes
Thrips on chilli & cardamom

8. I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE
5. SPORADIC PEST : The pest which occurs on a crop
in few isolated localities or patches
 Gall midge & ear head bug on rice
 Slug caterpillar on mango & castor
Gall midge
Ear head bug Slug caterpillar
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests

9. 6. CYCLIC PEST : The pest which occurs on a
crop once in 8 or 10 years
e.g. Deccan wingless grasshopper
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE

10. e.g. Whitefly on cotton
2. ENDEMIC PEST
Pest which occurs on a crop in a regular
feature in a confined area or locality
e.g. Gall fly in paddy in coastal region
II. BASED ON LEVEL OF INFESTATION
1. EPIDEMIC PEST
Pest which occurs on a crop suddenly in a
severe form in a locality at a particular
season or time
Whitefly
Gall fly
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests

11. III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY
1. KEY PEST : GEP is always lies well above the EIL.
Human intervention in the form of control measures
may bring the population temporarily below the EIL
but it rises back rapidly, so repeated human
interventions (Sprays) may be required to minimize the
damage
DBM
Pest
Population
Time
ETL
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests

12. the population crosses EIL quite frequently &
repeated control measures necessary, but economic
damage can be avoided by timely interventions
Leaf hopers & whitefly in cotton
BPH, GLH & YSB in rice
Rice stem borer
BPH,
III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY
2. MAJOR PEST : GEP is close to the EIL & in
some cases both may be at the same level. So,
Pest
Population
Time
EIL
ETL
DB
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests

13. interval. A single
usually enough to
cross EIL for a short
application of insecticides
prevent economic damage
Cotton stainers
III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY
3. MINOR PEST : GEP lies well below EIL or
even below DB. So, only under favourable
environmental conditions, the population may
Spodoptera litura
Pest
Population
Time
ETL
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests

14. but in certain years under favourable
environmental conditions, it appears in a virtually
epidemic form crossing many times over DB & EIL.
So, suitable management strategies essential to bring down
the population
III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY
4. SPORADIC PEST: The population usuallynegligible,
GH on cotton & others
Leaf hopper on sugarcane
Pest
Population Time
EIL
ETL
DB
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests

15. pattern or repeated interventions against
other pests may push their GEP higher
Mealy bugs on Bt cotton
Army worm on wheat
III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY
5. POTENTIAL PEST: GEP always lies
below DB & does not crossEIL even
under favourable conditions. But, there
is a threat that changes in the cropping
TIME
NO.
OF
INSECTS
/
INJURY
EQUIVALENTS
ECONOMIC LOSS
EIL
ETL
DB
GEP
a
NO ECONOMIC b
LOSS
NO LOSS
Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests