2. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
Human beings interact with each other through communication
The word “communication’ is derived from latin work “ Communis”
It involves exchange or sharing of ideas, opinions and facts between
two or more persons.
It is the process of conveying written, verbal or gestural messages from
one person to another.
“Communication is the process of passing information and
understanding from one person to another “
3. NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
Two-way process involving a sender and a receiver.
Message should be interpreted by the receiver in the same way as intended
by the sender.
It should contain information or ideas
Pervasive function – used by managers at all levels.
On-going process – must be continuous interchange of messages.
Does not mean mere oral or written messages – includes everything done
to convey the meaning.
Speaking, writing, acting, listening, reading, observing, watching..
6. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Improves managerial performance
Facilitates leadership
Increases job satisfaction
Reduces time and effort
Enhances coordination
Help public relations
7. CHANNELS OF TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
8. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION / GRAPEVINE
Powerful medium to transmit messages at great speed
Transmits confidential information which is unavailable in formal channels.
Partially replace and often supplement formal channels.
Preferred according to the nature and importance of messages.
Proves to be more effective as it is more human and personal.
May carry inaccurate information and spread rumours.
9. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
ORAL
• Face to face contacts
• Mechanical devices
• Helps to interchange feelings and attitudes
• Lectures, group discussions, committee meetings, social gatherings.
• On spot queries to clear doubts
WRITTEN
• Written words
• letters, circulars, memos, bulletins, manuals, handbook
• Issue orders and instructions to the subordinates
GESTURAL
• Through gestures and postures
• Convey feelings, emotions and attitudes
• Waving or shaking hands, movement of eyes, pat
• Gestures by the receiver indicates response
10. ORAL COMMUNICATION
Economical
Personal touch
Speed
Flexibility
Quick response
Lack of record
Time consuming
Lengthy messages
Physical distance
Misunderstanding
11. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Effectiveness
Lengthy messages
Economical
Repetition
Permanent record
Better response
Time consuming
Expensive
Inflexibility
Little secrecy
Lack of personal touch
Misunderstanding
13. ORGANISATIONAL
AMBIUOUS POLICIES,
RULES
STATUS PATTERNS
LONG CHAIN OF
COMMAND
INADEQUATE
FACILITIES
MECHANICAL
OVERLAODING
SEMANTIC BARRIES
NOISE
PERSONAL
LACK OF ATTENTION
OR INTEREST
FAILURE TO
COMMUNICATE
HASTY CONCLUSION
DISTRUST OF
COMMUNICATOR
LOVE FOR STATUS
QUO
IMPROPER STATE OF
MIND
14. GATEWAYS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Sound organisation structure
Clear messages
Two-way communication
Multiple channels
Good listening
Effective control
Modern instruments
Human relations attitude
15. ESSENTIALS OF GOOD
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Clarity of message
Completeness of message
Consistency of message
Proper timing
Credibility
Empathy
Follow-up
Economy