The document provides an overview of computers, including definitions of key terms like computer, hardware, software and their types. It discusses computer components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM and storage devices. It also covers common computer applications, observations about computer technology and computer ports. The history of computers is summarized from the 19th century development of mechanical computers to modern portable computers and personal computers with operating systems like Windows.

1. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
What is Computer?
Why
Computer?
Computer
Parts.
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2. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
• A computer is an electronical machine that collects information's, store it,
process it according to user instructions then return the result.
•
‫الرښ‬ ‫د‬ ‫استعمالونکي‬ ‫د‬ ‫بیایې‬ ‫او‬ ‫کوي‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ،‫کوي‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫چي‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ماشین‬ ‫برقي‬ ‫یو‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬
‫وونو‬
‫ورکوي‬ ‫الس‬ ‫په‬ ‫یي‬ ‫نتیجه‬ ‫او‬ ‫کوي‬ ‫جرا‬ِ‫ا‬ ‫مطابق‬
.
• A computer is a programable electronical device that performs arithmetic and
logical operations automatically using a set of instructions providing by the
user.
•
‫سم‬ ‫سره‬ ‫سیټ‬ ‫د‬ ‫الرښوونو‬ ‫د‬ ‫استعمالونکي‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫ده‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫برقي‬ ‫یوه‬ ‫وړ‬ ‫کولو‬ ‫پروګرام‬ ‫د‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬
‫ریاضیکي‬
‫رسوي‬ ‫سرته‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫اتومات‬ ‫په‬ ‫عملیات‬ ‫منطقي‬ ‫او‬
.
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3. COMPUTER PARTS
Computer
Parts
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4. WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
• Software is a set of instructions, data or programs use to operate a
computer and execute specific task.
•
‫ټولګه‬ ‫پروګرامونو‬ ‫د‬ ‫هم‬ ‫یا‬ ‫معلوماتو‬ ،‫الرښوونو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ساپټویر‬
(
‫سیټ‬
)
‫چل‬ ‫د‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫دی‬
‫د‬ ‫یا‬ ‫او‬ ‫ولو‬
‫کیږي‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫کولو‬ ‫جرا‬ِ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫وظیفي‬ ‫مشخصي‬ ‫یوي‬
.
‫لرو‬ ‫ساپټویرونه‬ ‫ډوله‬ ‫دري‬ ‫چي‬
:
.1
‫ساپټویرونه‬ ‫سیستم‬
(
System Softwares
)
.2
‫ساپټویرونه‬ ‫کومکي‬
(
Utility Softwares
)
.3
‫پوستغالي‬
(
Application Softwares
)
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5. WHAT IS HARDWARE?
• computer hardware is the physical components that a computer
system requires to function.
•
‫ک‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫د‬ ‫یې‬ ‫سیسټم‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫چې‬ ‫دي‬ ‫برخې‬ ‫فزیکي‬ ‫هغه‬ ‫هارډویر‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬
‫لپاره‬ ‫ولو‬
‫غواړي‬
.
• The touchable parts of a computer is called hardware.
•
‫کیږي‬ ‫ویل‬ ‫هارډویر‬ ‫ته‬ ‫برخو‬ ‫وړ‬ ‫لمسولو‬ ‫د‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬
.
•
‫لکه‬
:
RAM, Keyboard
‫هارډیسک‬ ،‫موس‬ ،
....
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6. TYPES OF SOFTWARE'S
System
Software's(OS).
Utility
Software's.
Application
Software's
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7. SYSTEM SOFTWARE (OS)
• OS (Operating System) is a type of program that is designed to run a
computer hardware and application programs.
• Like: Linux, Unix, Mac(OS), DOS, Windows…
•
‫پوس‬ ‫او‬ ‫هارډویر‬ ‫د‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫یو‬ ‫پروګرام‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫اپریټنګ‬
‫تغالو‬
(
‫برنامو‬
)
‫دی‬ ‫شوی‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫چلولو‬ ‫د‬
.
•
‫لکه‬
:
‫وینډوز‬ ،‫ډاس‬ ،‫مک‬ ،‫یونیکس‬ ،‫لینکس‬
...
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8. UTILITY SOFTWARE'S
• Utility software is software designed to help analyze, configure,
optimize or maintain a computer. It is used to support the computer
infrastructure .
• Like: Antivirus, File Management System, Disk Management tools.…
•
‫اص‬ ، ‫کولو‬ ‫تنظیم‬ ، ‫تحلیل‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫چې‬ ‫دی‬ ‫سافټویر‬ ‫یو‬ ‫سافټویر‬ ‫یوټیلټي‬
‫ساتلو‬ ‫یا‬ ‫کولو‬ ‫الح‬
‫شوی‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫مرستې‬ ‫د‬ ‫کې‬
.
‫کیږي‬ ‫کارول‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫مالتړ‬ ‫د‬ ‫زیربنا‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫دا‬
.
•
‫لکه‬
:
‫وسیلې‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫ډیسک‬ ‫د‬ ،‫سیسټم‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ویروس‬ ‫انټي‬
....
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9. APPLICATION SOFTWARE'S
• Application software is a type of computer program that performs a
specific personal, educational, and business function.
• Like: Word, Excel, PowerPoint …
•
‫ت‬ ،‫شخصي‬ ‫ځانګړی‬ ‫یو‬ ‫چې‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫یو‬ ‫پروګرام‬ ‫کمپیوټر‬ ‫د‬ ‫سافټویر‬ ‫اپلیکیشن‬ ‫د‬
‫او‬ ‫علیمي‬
‫کوي‬ ‫ترسره‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫سوداګریز‬
.
•
‫لکه‬
:
‫فاورپوینټ‬ ،‫ایکسل‬ ،‫ورډ‬
...
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10. TYPES OF CONTROLLERS
Controllers
Basics
Controller
Single
Action
Controller
Resource
Controller
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11. Global
Middleware
Route
Middleware
Group
Middleware
Middleware
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12. TYPES OF COMPUTER?
The basis of
Size
The basis of
Data
Handling
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13. THE BASIS OF SIZE?
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. WorkStation
4. PC (Personal Computer)
5. Laptop computer (notebook
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14. THE BASIS OF SIZE?
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. WorkStation
4. PC (Personal Computer)
5. Laptop computer (notebook
Super computer is the biggest computer in the
world. It was developed by “Roger Cray” in 1976.
Supercomputer is the fastest and also very
expensive. A typical supercomputer can solve up
to ten trillion individual calculations per second.
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15. THE BASIS OF SIZE?
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. WorkStation
4. PC (Personal Computer)
5. Laptop computer (notebook
Mainframe Computer is high capacity and costly
computer. It is largely used by big organizations
where many people can use it simultaneously.
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16. THE BASIS OF SIZE?
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. WorkStation
4. PC (Personal Computer)
5. Laptop computer (notebook
Workstation Computer is a special computer
design for technical or scientific applications to
be used by a single user. Also use in office for
work. It is exclusively made for complex work
purpose.
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17. THE BASIS OF SIZE?
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. WorkStation
4. PC (Personal Computer)
5. Laptop computer (notebook)
It is a low capacity, multi purpose micro
computer developed for single users.
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18. THE BASIS OF SIZE?
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. WorkStation
4. PC (Personal Computer)
5. Laptop computer (notebook)
It is a handy computer that can be easily carried
anywhere.
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19. THE BASIS OF DATA HANDLING?
1. Analog Computer
2. Digital Computer
3. Hybrid Computer
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20. THE BASIS OF DATA HANDLING?
1. Analog Computer
2. Digital Computer
3. Hybrid Computer
Analogue computers are designed to process
analogue data. Analogue data is continuous data
that changes continuously and cannot have
discrete values. We can say that analogue
computers are used where we don't need exact
values always such as speed, temperature,
pressure.
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21. THE BASIS OF DATA HANDLING?
1. Analog Computer
2. Digital Computer
3. Hybrid Computer
Digital computer is designed to perform
calculations and logical operations at high speed.
It accepts the raw data as input in the form of
digits or binary numbers (0 and 1) and processes
it with programs stored in its memory to produce
the output. All modern computers like laptops,
desktops including smartphones that we use at
home or office are digital computers.
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22. THE BASIS OF DATA HANDLING?
1. Analog Computer
2. Digital Computer
3. Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computer has features of both analogue
and digital computer. It is fast like an
analogue computer and has memory
and accuracy like digital computers.
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23. SHORT HISTORY OF
COMPUTER
In 1822 – 19th century
In 1822, the father of computer, Charles Babbage began
developing the first mechanical computer in 1822. In
1833 he actually designed an Analytical Engine which was
a general-purpose computer.
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24. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
In 1822 – 19th century
In 1945 – 20th
century
1945– The first digital computer (ENIAC) Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Calculator was developed by
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert in 1945.
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25. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
In 1822 – 19th century
In 1945 – 20th
century
In 1975 – 20th
century
The first portable computer IBM 5100 was release in
1975.
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26. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
In 1822 – 19th century
In 1945 – 20th
century
In 1975 – 20th
century
In 1981 – The first personal computer was developed.
which has an Intel CPU, two floppy drives, and a color
display. The MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft is
used by Acorn.
In 1981 – 20th century
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27. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
1985 – Microsoft introduces Windows, which enables
multitasking via a graphical user interface. In addition, the
programming language C++ has been released.
In 1985 – 20th century
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28. COMPUTER COMPONENTS
1. Motherboard
2. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
3. GPU (Graphical Processing Unit)
4. RAM (Random Access Memory)
5. Storage
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29. STORAGE DEVICES
• CD – Compact Disk
• DVD – Digital Versatile Disk
• USB – Universal Serial Bus Flash Drive
• Blue-ray
• Flappy Disk
• Memory Card
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30. COMMON TYPES OF APPLICATIONS
• Office Productivity
• EX: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Visio….
• Communication
• Ex: Skype, Google Meet, Zoom…
• Social Networking
• Ex: Facebook, Instagram, MySpace
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31. COMMON TYPES OF APPLICATIONS
• Media
• EX: VLC Player, MX Player, Video Player…
• Design
• Ex: Adobe-Photoshop, Corel Draw, Auto-CAD, Canva, Figma…
• Mobile Application
• Ex: Calculator, Contact, WhatsApp…
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32. OBSERVATIONS
• SSD – Solid State Drive
• HDD – Hard Disk Drive
• VPN – Virtual Private Network
• LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
• ATM – Automatic Teller Machine
• GPS – Global Positioning System
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33. OBSERVATIONS
• LTT – Local transmission Tower
• HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
• IM – Instant Messaging
• VDU – Visual Display Unit
• VGA – Video Graphics Array
• UDP – User Datagram Protocol
• TCP – Transfer Control Protocol
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34. COMPUTER PORTS
• USB
• Network
• Serial
• Parallel
• HDMI
• VGA
• FireWire
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