2. Quality Management
It is not enough to make sure you get
it done on time and under budget – but
it has to be of good quality
Quality is a measure of how well your
product does what you intend
How closely your product meets the
requirements
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4. Product Quality Attributes
• Reliability - The probability of failure-free
system operation over a specified time in a given
environment for a given purpose
• Availability - The probability that a system, at a
point in time, will be operational and able to
deliver the requested services
• Safety - The system’s ability to operate,
normally or abnormally, without danger of
causing human injury or death and without
damage to the system’s environment
• Security – The system’s ability to protect itself
from accidental or deliberate external attack
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5. Product Quality Attributes
• Efficiency
– Software should not make wasteful use of
system resources (disk and memory space,
CPU time, etc.)
• Usability (ease of use)
– Software must be usable by the users for
which it was designed
• Dependability (reliability, availability, security,
safety,…)
• Maintainability (ease of maintenance)
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6. Quality Management Process
Quality Planning (Quality
Management Plan)
Quality Control (Monitoring and
Controlling)
Quality Assurance (Following Quality
Standards)
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7. Quality Management Plan
Metric Goal Industry Std. How we will
do it
Schedule <5% <7% Use of skill
Variance resources
Defect Density 0 High Priority 0 High Strict quality
2 Medium 2 Medium measures
5 Low 4 Low
Defect per
module
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8. Tools of Quality Control
Control Charts
Fishbone / Ishikawa diagrams
Pareto Charts
Flowcharts
Statistical Sampling
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9. Control Charts
How effectively processes are controlled
How many items are above and below
prescribed levels
What is acceptable limit and what action
needs to be taken for items above UCL &
LCL
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12. The 8 Ms (used in manufacturing)
•Machine (technology)
•Method (process)
•Material (Includes Raw Material, Consumables
and Information.)
•Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (brain
work):
•Measurement (Inspection)
•Mother Nature (Environment)
•Management/Money Power
•Maintenance
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13. The 8 Ps (used in service industry)
Product=Service
Price
Place
Promotion/Entertainment
People(key person)
Process
Physical Evidence
Productivity & Quality
The 4 Ss (used in service industry)
Surroundings
Suppliers
Systems
Skills
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15. Quality Assurance
deliverables
Software development D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
process
Quality management
process
Standards and Quality Quality review reports
procedures plan
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16. Development of process standards
De velop Assess product
Define process
product quality
No Yes
Improve Quality Standar dize
process OK process
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17. ISO 9000
• International set of standards for quality
management (ISO 9000:2000, ISO 9001:2000,
ISO 9004:2000, etc.)
• Applicable to a range of organisations from
manufacturing to service industries
• ISO 9004:2000 provides guidance for continual
improvement of a quality management system to
benefit all parties (employees, owners, suppliers,
society in general,…)
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18. ISO 9000 certification
• Quality standards and procedures should be
documented in an organisational quality manual
• External body may certify that an organisation’s
quality manual conforms to ISO 9000 standards
(namely ISO 9001)
• Customers are, increasingly, demanding that
suppliers are ISO 9000 certified
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19. ISO 9000 and quality management
ISO 9000
quality models
instantiated as
documents
Organization Organiza tion
quality manual quality process
is used to develop instantiated as
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project quality
quality plan quality plan quality plan mana gement
Supports
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20. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
Capability Maturity Model for Software (CMM)
• judging the maturity of the software processes of an
organization
Level 5
Optimizing
Le vel 4
Managed
Level 3
Defined
Le vel 2
Repeatable
Level 1
Initial
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21. Optimizing
Process change management
Technology change management
Defect prevention
Managed
Software quality management
Quantitative process management
Defined
Peer reviews
Intergroup coordination
Software product engineering
Integrated software management
Training programme
Organization process definition
Organization process focus
Repeatable
Software configuration management
Software quality assurance
Software subcontract management
Software project tracking and oversight
Software project planning
Requirements management
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Initial
22. The CMM and ISO 9000
• There is a clear correlation between the key
processes in the CMM and the quality
management processes in ISO 9000
• The CMM is more detailed and prescriptive and
includes a more detailed framework for
improvement
• Organisations rated as level 2 in the CMM are
likely to be ISO 9000 compliant
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