1. Electron Microscope Picture of Pickled Pipe 1000x.
The picture above was taken of a piece of pickled and oiled pipe. Please note the inter granular
corrosion. This is the area that looks like a dried up lake bed. Galvanic cells form that cause rust in
areas that have been oxidized by pickling acids. Additionally, the removal of metal around the grain
structure provides low spots where particles can accumulate.
Surfaces such as this:
• Form low pressure zones that trap particles the same way as a gold sluice.
• Readily form rust because the process of pickling is an oxidation process.
• Increase energy consumption.
Additionally, the particles that are trapped in the grain boundary zones will be ejected into the fluid
when there is a shock wave or vibration. A cloud of killer particles will proceed downstream and
damage components.

2. Electron Microscope Picture of REDOX Pipe 1000x.
This picture was taken of a piece of REDOX Series 81 Pipe. REDOX uses a reduction process that
adds electrons to the surface during machining that stabilizes the metal to prevent corrosion and rust
that are common with pickled and oiled pipe. Please also note that the surface is dramatically smoother
than pickled pipe which will:
• Hasten the flushing process by eliminating spots where particles can hide.
• Lower energy consumption by lowering the coefficient of friction.
Additionally, REDOX products resist rust formation on the ID of the pipe because the surface is stress
relieved during the manufacturing process.