summer training report of bhushan steel pvt. ltd at vaishali. the slide is all about the things i have learned in my summer training. i hope it would provide you the required information you are looking for.

2. SUBMITTED BY:-
VINEET RAJ KHATRI
SUBMITTED TO:-

3. 1. Acknowledgement
2. History of Bhushan steel
3. Safety
4. Pickling
5. Rolling
6. ECL
7. Annealing
8. Skin Pass Mill
9. Finishing
10.Quality System
11. GP-1
12.Utility
13.Mechanical Maintenance
14.Narrow Plant
15.Electrical Maintenance

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been
possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and
organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
• I am highly indebted to “BHUSHAN STEEL” for their guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information
regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.
• I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of
“BHUSHAN STEEL” for their kind co-operation and encouragement
which help me in completion of this project.
• I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons
for giving me such attention and time.
• My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the
project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

5. HISTORY OF BHUSHAN STEEL
INDUSTRY TYPE STEEL
FOUNDED IN 1987
HEADQUARTER NEW DELHI
CHAIRMAN Mr. BRIJ BHUSHAN SINGAL
VICE CHAIRMAN & MANAGING
DIRECROR
Mr. NEERAJ SINGAL

6. • Bhushan Steel Limited is the largest manufacturer of auto-grade steel in
India Bhushan Steel, with a large amount of debt in proportion to its equity
(3.5 times more), is a highly leveraged company. The company's
consolidated debt stands at ₹31,839 crore, having risen 18 per cent from a
year ago. The Company is spending Rs. 260 billion to expand its capacity to
12 million tonnes annually, from the present installed capacity of around
one million tonnes.
• COMPANY PROFILE
• Bhushan Steel Ltd is one of the prominent players in the Indian Steel
industry. Backed with more than 27 years of experience, we are now India's
3rd largest Secondary Steel Producing Company with an existing steel
production capacity of 5.6 million ton per annum.
• As one of the largest integrated steel players in India, BSL is a source for
vivid variety of products such as Hot Rolled Coil,CRCA,CRFH,Galvanized
Coil and Sheet,Galume Coil and Sheet,Color Coated Coils,Color Coated
Tiles,High Tensile Steel Strips,Hardened & Tempered Steel Strips,Precision
Tubes,HFW/ERW Pipe (API Grade),3LP Coated Pipes,Billets and Sponge
Iron.

7. • Being amongst the prime movers of the technological revolution in Indian
Cold Rolled Steel Industry, BSL has emerged as the country's largest and
the only Cold Rolled Steel Plant with an independent line for
manufacturing Cold Rolled Coil and Sheet up to a width of 1700mm.
Along with this we also have a Galvanized Coil and Sheet line up to a
width of 1350 mm.
• In addition, strengthening us to grow from pillar to pillar is our robust
network of sales and marketing units across Indian continent and other
countries helping us reach our global customer base.
• At Bhushan Steel, we are living tomorrow today; because the endeavor to
a brighter future starts from today. In superior community building, in
harnessing safety, by nurturing the environment and by adopting world-
class technology for producing outstanding products, Bhushan's resilient
approach to its impeccable vision makes it a global Integrated Steel
producer.

9. 1) ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY EQUIPMENTS LIKE HELMET AND GLOVES
2) NEVER MOVE UNDER THE CRANE
3) BE CAREFULL OF THE WORKING MACHINERY
4) NEVER TOUCH THE MACHINERY WITHOUT PROPER KNOWLEDGE
5) KEEP KNOWLEDGE OF THE EMERGENCY EXIT IN CASE OF ANY
ACCIDENT
6) KNOW HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER TO PUT OFF FIRE
WHEN NEEDED
7) NEVER WEAR TIE IF YOU ARE WORKING ON A MACHINERY
8) DO NOT WALK ON THE RAIL SET FOR TROLLEYS
9) REMAIN ALERT OF THE SURROUNDINGS
10)IN CASE OF ANY ACCIDENT DO NOT RUSH WHICH MAY LEAD TO
HUSTLE

10. DEFINITION:- IT IS A CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE METAL SHEET
USED TO CLEAN ITS SURFACE. i.e. IT IS THE PROCESS OF CLEANING
THE METAL SHEET BY WASHING IT BY CONC. ACID
PICKLING IS A METAL SURFACE TREATMENT USED TO REMOVE
IMPURITIES,SUCH AS STAINS,INORGANIC CONTAMINATION,RUST OR
SCALE FROM FERROUS METALS. A SOLUTION CALLED PICKLED LIQUID
WHICH CONTAINS STRONG ACID IS USED TO REMOVE THE SURFACE
IMPURITIES. IT IS GENERALLY USED TO REMOVE SURFACE
IMPURITIES. IT IS COMMONLY USED TO DESCLAE OR CLEAN A STEAL
IN VARIOUS STEELMAKING PROCESSES.

11. DIMENSIONS
SPECIFICATION
MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION(OL
D)
MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION(NE
W)
WIDTH(mm) 1700 (max) 1400(max)
THICKNESS(mm) 6(max) 6(max)
LINE
SPECIFICATION
OLD NEW
SPEED 120 m/min 110 m/min
ACTIVITIES INOLVED IN PICKLIKNG ARE:-
1. LOADING OF COIL
2. ACID TREATMENT OF INPUT MATERIAL
3. HOT WATER RINSING
4. DRYING
5. OILING
6. RECOILING
7. REMOVING OF COIL
8. STRAPPING AND LABELLING
9. TRANSFER OF OUTPUT MATERIAL

12. A. LOADING OF COIL
THE INPUT MATERIAL SHOULD BE LOADED AS PER PLANNING ON
UNCOILER USING CRANE AND COIL CAR. IT SHOULD BE IN PROPER
POSITION ON THE UNCOILER. PROPER HANDLING OF COIL SHOULD
BE DONE TO AVOID ANY MISS HAPPENING.
B. ACID TREATMENT OF INPUT MATERIAL
PICKLING TAKES PLACE IN STEEL TANK LINED WITH RUBBER AND
FITTED WITH GRANITE STONES. PICKLING TANK IS DIVIDED INTO
FOUR PARTS. THE TANK NEAR THE UNCOILER IS MARKED AS TANK
NO.1 AND SO ON. THE %OF ACID, IRON CONTENT AND TEMP OF ACID
IN THESE FOUR TANKS SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AS MENTIONED
BELOW.

13. TANK NO. ACID % MAX IRON
CONTENT(Gm/lit)
TEMP RANGE
OLD 1 3-5 140 70-85
2 5-10 100 70-85
3 10-14 70 70-85
4 14-18 50 70-85
NEW 1 2-6 200 70-85
2 6-11 150 70-85
3 11-18 100 70-85

14. TANK NO. ACID % MAX IRON
CONTENT(Gm/lit)
TEMP RANGE
OLD
(SPECIAL
CASE
DEEP
RUSTY
COIL)
1 3-6 140 70-85
2 6-11 100 70-85
3 11-16 70 70-85
4 16-22 50 70-85
NEW
(SPECIAL
CASE
DEEP
RUSTY
COIL)
1 2-7 200 70-85
2 7-12 150 70-85
3 12-20 100 70-85

15. C. HOT WAGTER RINSING
DISCHARGE OF WATER- IT SHOULD BE ENSURED THAT DISCHARGE
OF RINSE WATER TO ETP/ARP SHOULD BE DONE PROPERLY WITHOUT
ANY LEAKAGE
D. DRYING
E. OILING
F. RECOILING
G. REMOVING OF COIL
H. STRAPPING AND LABELLING
I. TRANSFER OF OUTPUT MATERIAL

16. HITACHI MILL IS USED FOR THE REDUCTION OF THICKNESS OF THE
SHEETS.
IT IS ALSO USED IN MAINTAINING TENSION IN THE SHEETS.
HYDRAULIC LOAD IS APPLIED ON THE 6 HI ROLLERS.
THE OUTER MOST ROLLER HAS THE LARGEST DIAMETER KNOWN AS
BACKUP ROLLER.
THE CENTER ROLLERS ARE CALLED INTERMEDIATE ROLLERS.
THE ROLLER FROM WHICH THE SHEET PASSES IS CALLED THE WORK
ROLL. IT HAS THE DIAMETER.

17. DIMENSIONS
SPECIFICATION
MINIMIUM MAXIMUM
WIDTH(mm) 700 1700
THICKNESS(mm) 1.6 7.0
WEIGHT OF COIL 3.0 MT 30 MT
LINE SPECIFICATION
SPEED 1200 MPM
TENSION 16T(MAX)

18. PRODUCTION SCHEDULING-
1. SELECT THE COIL AS PER PLANNING SHEET AND FEED COIL NO,
MATERIAL GRADE, ROLLING MODE, MATERIAL THICKNESS, WIDTH,
WEIGHT, NEXT PROCESS, CUSTOMER NAME, FINAL THICKNESS, IN
LEVEL-II
2. CHECK THE PASS SCHEDULE AT LEVEL-II FOR NO. OF PASS AND
ROLLING PARAMETER IN EACH PASS LIKE DELIEVERY THICKNESS,
FRONT TENSION, BACK TENSION FOR BENDING FORCE, MAXIMIM
SPEED AND REDUCTION.FOR ALL SUMITOMO GRADES MAXIMUM
GAP BETWEEN PICKLING AND ROLLING SHOULD NOT EXCEED 72
HRS THOOSE COIL EXCEEDS 72 HRS WILL BE SENT BACK TO
PICKLING.
LOADING OF COIL-
1. PLACE THE PICKLED COIL ON THE SKID WITH THE HELP OF CRANE
2. LOAD COIL AT CENTER OF MANDREL WITH USE OF MANDREL WITH
USE OF COIL CAR & ENSURE THAT IT IS AT CENTER OF THE MANDREL
FEEDING OF COIL-
1. FEED THE LEADER END OF COIL TO THE MILL WITH THE HELP OF
THREE ROLL FEEDER AND THREADING TABLE.

19. 1. 2. SET SIDE GUIDE & PRESSURE BOARD BY KEEPING THE STRIP IN
CENTER.
2. 3. APPLY THE TOUCH LOAD AND REDUCE THE WORK ROLL BENDING
FORCE.
3. THREAD THE LEADER END TO THE GRIPPER OF LTR MANDREL BY
JOGGING THE MILL.
4. EXPAND THE MANDREL & GRIPPER ROTATE ONE REVOLUTION OF
STRIP ON MANDREL IN TANDEM JOG.
ROLLING OF COIL-
1. APPLY INITIAL LOAD BY APC.
2. SWITCH ON THE TENSION.
3. GIVE THE THREAD COMMAND, MILL WILL START RUN ON 30MPM
SPEED & COOLANT ON AUTOMATICALLY.
4. CHECK THE SURFACE OF SHEET FOR SCRATCHES , BENDS, AND
COOLANT CARRY OVER ETC.
5. CHECK SHAPE OF STRIP PHYSICALLY &COMPARE WITH SHAPE
METER DISPLAY ADJUST UP TO SATISFACTION.
6. WHEN GAUGE &SHAPE COME IN TARGET RANGE, INCREASE SPEED
AS PER SCHEDULE OR CONDITION.

21. AN ECL LINE CLEANS THE STRIP SURFACE OF OIL AND DIRT BY
CHEMICAL ACTION, USING AN ALKALINE SOLUTION. THE STRIP PASSES
BETWEEN ELECTRODES WHICH ARE IMMERSED IN TANKS CONTAINING
THE ELECTROLYTE. THIS TECHNIQUE IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN
CLEANING COLD ROLLED STEEL THAN CONVENTIONAL CLEANING
PROCESSES USED ON HIGH SPEED ELECTRO TINNING AND ALKALINE-
CLEANING LINES.
CLASSIFICATION
THEY ARE CATEGORIZED INTO TWO TYPES :
HIGH CURRENT DENSITY (HCD) ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING LINES
LOW CURRENT DENSITY (LCD) ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING LINES
THESE TECHNIQUES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE IN CLEANING COLD ROLLED
STEEL THAN CONVENTIONAL CLEANING PROCESSES USED ON HIGH
SPEED ELECTRO TINNING AND ALKALINE-CLEANING LINES

22. 1. PRIMARY BATH- ALKALI USED IS SODIUM ORTHO SILICATE(Na2SiO3)
2. SKIN BATH
3. SQUEEZE ROLL (TEMP-70-900 C)
4. ECL(MAIN)- ELECTRO CLEANING LINE
ALKALI USED IS SODIUM ORTHPO SILICATE((Na2SiO3) 1.2-3%
4 ELECTRODE ARE USED
5. HOT RINSE TANK- WATER AT 70-900C IS SPRINKLED VIA NOZZLES
6. DRY CHAMBER- TEMP IS 1100C

24. ANNEALING IS A PROCESS OF HEATING, SOAKING AND CONTROLLED
COOLING OF COIL IN A NON OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE.
ANNEALING IS DONE TO REFINE THE GRAIN STRUCTURE
AND REDUCE HARDNESS OF SHEET.
ANNEALING IS DONE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 575-650°C
BELL TYPE ANNEALING IS DONE FOR ROLLED SHEETS
KATHABAR BELL IS USED FOR COOLING OF ROLLED SHEET SO THAT THE
STRIP DOES NOT STUCK WITH EACH OTHER.
OXYGEN GAS IS REMOVED BY FILLING UP NITROGEN GAS INSIDE THE
BELL.
NITROGEN GAS IS REMOVED BY FILLING HYDROGEN GAS.
AIR COOLING IS DONE TILL THE TEMPERATURE REACHES 250°C
WATER COOLING IS DONE TILL THE TEMPERATURE REACHES TO 125°C
AFTERWARD COOLING IS DONE BY DRY AIR WHICH IS FORMED ON
KATHABAR BELLS

25. ANNEALING OF ROLLED SHEETS

26. DIMENSIONAL
SPECIFICATION
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
WIDTH 800MM 1705MM
THICKNESS 0.15MM 3.50MM
COIL OUTER
DIAMETER
2000MM
COIL INNER
DIAMETER
610MM
WEIGHT 30MT
IN THIS MILL THE SURFACE FINISHING OF THE ROLLED SHEET IS
INCREASED.
HARDNESS IS ALSO INCREASED AS PER REQUIREMENT OF CUSTOMERS.
IT IMPROVES SHAPE AND TEMPER OF THE MATERIAL.
7% REDUCTION OF SPM IS DONE IN THIS MILL.
QUALITY PARAMETER IS FINALLY CHECKED IN THIS MILL.

27. LINE SPECIFICATION VALUE
LOAD MASS 1000MT
MAX SPEED 600M/MIN
MAX MILL TENSION 1000 KG
UNCOILER TENSION 3000 KG
RECOILER TENSION 4500 KG
MAX ELONGATION 7%
THREADING SPEED 50 MPM

28. FLOW DIAGRAM OF SKIN PASS MILL

29. IT IS THE PROCEDURE OF SLITTING THE COIL THROUGH ITS WIDTH,
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO CUTTERS IS EQUAL TO THE 10% OF THE
SHEET.
CUT TO LENGTH:-
IN THIS LINE SHEETS ARE CUT ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENT OF
THE CUSTOMER.
SHEAR BLADES ARE USED FOR CUTTING OF THE SHEETS.
SHEETS ARE DISPATCHED FOR COLORING OR POLISHING

32. A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS) IS A COLLECTION OF
BUSINESS PROCESSES FOCUSED ON CONSISTENTLY MEETING
CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS AND ENHANCING THEIR SATISFACTION. IT
IS ALIGNED WITH COMPANY'S PURPOSE AND STRATEGIC DIRECTION
(ISO9001:2015). IT IS EXPRESSED AS THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS AND
ASPIRATIONS, POLICIES, PROCESSES, DOCUMENTED INFORMATION
AND RESOURCES NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT AND MAINTAIN IT.

33. • EARLY QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS EMPHASIZED
PREDICTABLE OUTCOMES OF AN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT
PRODUCTION LINE, USING SIMPLE STATISTICS AND RANDOM
SAMPLING. BY THE 20TH CENTURY, LABOUR INPUTS WERE
TYPICALLY THE MOST COSTLY INPUTS IN MOST INDUSTRIALIZED
SOCIETIES, SO FOCUS SHIFTED TO TEAM COOPERATION AND
DYNAMICS, ESPECIALLY THE EARLY SIGNALING OF PROBLEMS VIA
A CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT CYCLE. IN THE 21ST CENTURY, QMS
HAS TENDED TO CONVERGE WITH SUSTAINABILITY AND
TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVES, AS BOTH INVESTOR AND CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION AND PERCEIVED QUALITY IS INCREASINGLY TIED TO
THESE FACTORS. OF QMS REGIMES, THE ISO 9000 FAMILY OF
STANDARDS IS PROBABLY THE MOST WIDELY IMPLEMENTED
WORLDWIDE - THE ISO 19011 AUDIT REGIME APPLIES TO BOTH, AND
DEALS WITH QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY AND THEIR
INTEGRATION.
• OTHER QMS, E.G. NATURAL STEP, FOCUS ON SUSTAINABILITY
ISSUES AND ASSUME THAT OTHER QUALITY PROBLEMS WILL BE
REDUCED AS RESULT OF THE SYSTEMATIC THINKING,
TRANSPARENCY, DOCUMENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC DISCIPLINE

34. GP STANDS FOR GALVANIZING PLANT
THE PURPOSE OF THE CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING LINE IS TO APPLY A
COAT OF ZINC ONTO THE SURFACE OF STEEL SHEETS IN AN EFFORT TO
INCREASE THEIR CORROSION RESISTANCE. THERE IS A WIDE RANGE
OF CONTROL OF ZINC COAT THICKNESS, AND THE GALVANIZED STEEL
SHEETS ARE USED FOR A BOARD RANGE OF PURPOSES, INCLUDING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, AUTOMOBILES AND ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCES. GALUME IS THE TRADE NAME FOR A SHEET STEEL
PRODUCT WITH A HIGHLY CORROSION RESISTANT COATING
CONTAINING NOMINALLY 55% ALUMINIUM AND 43% ZINC BY WEIGHT,
THE BALANCE PRIMARILY SILICON IS USED TO EFFECT EXCELLENT
ADHESION TO THE STEEL SUBSTRATE. THIS METALLIC COATING
WHICH IS APPLIED USING A CONTINUOUS HOT-DIP COATING PROCESS
COMBINES THE GALVANIC CORROSION PROTECTION OF ZINC WITH
THE BARRIER PROTECTION OF ALUMINIUM.

35. • A.WORK INSTRUCTION FOR ENTRY SECTION
• APPROVED PROCESS APPROVED MACHINERY
• COIL LOADING------- COIL CAR & UNCOILER
• WELDING-------- WELDING UNIT
• B.LINE SPECIFICATION
• MONITORING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS
• SPEED
• ENTRY SPEED 15 – 20MPM
• TENSION
• ENTRY (POR) 56 –560MPM
• ENTRY ACCUMULATOR 105 TO 1050 KG
• POSITION
• ENTRY ACCUMULATOR1 – 90% FILLED
• POR INITIAL DATA 500MM – 600MM
• C.OLD ROLED MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

36. • · HARDNESS OF MATERIAL 45 – 100 HRB
• · THICKNESS OF STRIP 0.17 – 2.2MM
• · WIDTH 500 – 1280 MM
• · WEIGHT- 5MT (MIN.), 22MT (MAX.)
• · INITIAL DIAMETER OF COIL 500 MM – 600MM
• D. COLD ROLLED MATERIAL INSPECTION
• · PREFERABLY COIL SHOULD BE FREE FROM EDGE CUT & SAW
EDGES.
• SHAPE & SURFACE FINISH OF THE COLD ROLLED COIL IS
INSPECTED BY ENTRY OPERATOR
• & ALSO ENTERS THE SAME IN LOG BOOK.
• E. INTRODUCTION FOR ENTRY SETUP
• · MADE ENTRY SECTION READY BY PRESSING SWITCH.
• · MAKE ACCUMULATOR TENSION ON BY PRESSING SWITCH.
• · MAKE POR TENSION ON BY PRESSING SWITCH.
• · MAKE ENTRY START BY PRESSING SWITCHES.
• F. COIL LOADING
• · COIL IS LOADED WITH THE HELP OF COIL CAR.

38. UTILITY DEPARTMENT HAS 4 SUB DEPARTMENT UNDER IT
1. RO PLANT, COOLING TOWER & PUMP HOUSE
2. BOILER
3. AIR COMPRESSOR
4. A.C PLANT
RO PLANT- IT USES THE REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS TO FILTER THE
WATER
PURIFYING OF WATER STARTS WITH THE COLLECTION OF WATER IN
STORAGE TANKS WHERE SODIUM HYPOCHLORIDE IS MIXED IN IT WHICH
REACT WITH IRON ANS SETTLES THE IRON CONTENT IN THE BOTTOM OF
TANK, BUT IT ALSO RELEASES CHLORINE THERE FORE WE US SODIUM
SULPHITE. WE ALSO USE ANTISCALENT TO PREVENT THE BLOCKAGE OF
PIPES
NOW THE WATER PASSES THROUGH ANOTHER STORAGE TANK KNOWN AS
MICRO CARTIDGE FILTER TANK
1. 50 MICRON FOR SOLID PARTICLES
2. 5 MICRON FOR SMALLER IMPURITIES
NOW THE WATER PASSES THROUGH RO PROCESS
USEFULL WATER PASSES VIA MIDDLE PIPE KNOWN AS PERMEATE AND
OTHER IS CALLED REJECTED

41. COOLING TOWER- THE COOLING TOWER IS USED TO COOL THE
WATER THAT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE COMPRESSOR AND THE
CONDENSER. WHEN WATER FLOWS THROUGH THESE COMPONENTS
SOME WATER GETS EVAPORATED, TO MAKE UP THIS LOSS SOME WATER
IS ALSO ADDED IN THE COOLING TOWER. THE COOLING TOWER IS OF
EVAPORATIVE TYPE. HERE THE WATER IS COOLED BY THE
ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND IS RE-CIRCULATED THROUGH THE COMPRESSOR
AND THE CONDENSER
BOILER- THE BOILER CHANGES THE FORM OF WATER FROM LIQIUD
TO VAPOUR. FIRST A SMALL DIA PIPE SUPPLIES GAS TO THE FURNANCE
NOW A SPARK IS GIVEN TO BURN THE GAS AFTER THAT A LARGE DIA
PIPE SUPPLIES THE GAS TO THE BURNERS AND THE SMALL DIA PIPE IS
SWITCHED OFF.
THE STEAM GENERATED IS NOW SUPPLIED TO THE PLANT WHERE
NECESSARY

42. AIR COMPRESSOR- AN AIR COMPRESSOR IS A DEVICE THAT
CONVERTS POWER (USING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR, DIESEL OR GASOLINE
ENGINE, ETC.) INTO POTENTIAL ENERGY STORED IN PRESSURIZED AIR
(I.E., COMPRESSED AIR). BY ONE OF SEVERAL METHODS, AN AIR
COMPRESSOR FORCES MORE AND MORE AIR INTO A STORAGE TANK,
INCREASING THE PRESSURE. WHEN TANK PRESSURE REACHES ITS
UPPER LIMIT THE AIR COMPRESSOR SHUTS OFF. THE COMPRESSED AIR,
THEN, IS HELD IN THE TANK UNTIL CALLED INTO USE. THE ENERGY
CONTAINED IN THE COMPRESSED AIR CAN BE USED FOR A VARIETY OF
APPLICATIONS, UTILIZING THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE AIR AS IT IS
RELEASED AND THE TANK DEPRESSURIZES. WHEN TANK PRESSURE
REACHES ITS LOWER LIMIT, THE AIR COMPRESSOR TURNS ON AGAIN
AND RE-PRESSURIZES THE TANK.

43. A.C PLANT- IN INDUSTRY IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT PEOPLE
WORKING IN THE INDUSTRY NEED SOME COMFORT WHILE WORKING
THEREFORE A.C PLANT IS INSTALLED TO GIVE THEM A
COMFORTABLE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

44. MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND OPERATIONS (MRO) OR MAINTENANCE, REPAIR,
AND OVERHAUL INVOLVES FIXING ANY SORT OF MECHANICAL, PLUMBING OR
ELECTRICAL DEVICE SHOULD IT BECOME OUT OF ORDER OR BROKEN (KNOWN AS
REPAIR, UNSCHEDULED, OR CASUALTY MAINTENANCE).
MAINTENANCE TYPES
GENERALLY SPEAKING, THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF MAINTENANCE IN USE:
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED BEFORE
BREAK DOWN OCCURS.
OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED IN USING.
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED AFTER
BREAK DOWN. THIS MAINTENANCE IS OFTEN MOST EXPENSIVE BECAUSE WORN
EQUIPMENT CAN DAMAGE OTHER PARTS AND CAUSE MULTIPLE DAMAGES.
ADAPTIVE MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED BY LETTING IT
ADAPT TO NEW ENVIRONMENT.

45. IT IS ALSO A SHEARING PROCESS BUT THE WIDTH OF THE OUTPUT
SHEET IS VERY LESS AS COMPARED TO THE SLTTING IN FINISHING
PROCESS

46. IT INVOLVES FAULT DIAGNOSIS, ROUTINE CHECKUP, SERVICING AND
REPAIRING OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENT OF MACHINES