gunakan

1. MESIN-MESIN FLUIDA
Marfizal, ST, MT
Design of Pelton turbines

2. Designof Pelton
turbines

4. TurbinPelton

5. PENGERTIAN
TURBIN
PELTON
dimana cairan jet meninggalkan nosel
menyerang backet yang dipasang di
pinggiran roda yang berputar. Energi yang
tersedia (energi potensial, tekanan,
kecepatan) di inlet turbin hanya energi
kinetik. Tekanan pada saluran masuk dan
keluarnya turbin adalah 1 atm (atmosfer).
Turbin digunakan untuk head dengan tinggi
mulai dari (150-2000) m. Turbin dinamai L.
A. Pelton, seorang insinyur Amerika

6. SejarahTurbin
Pelton
Turbin Pelton pertama
kali ditemukan oleh insinyur dari
Amerika yaitu Lester A. Pelton pada
tahun 1880. Turbin ini dioprasikan
pada head 150-2000 m, turbin ini
relative membutuh kan jumlah air
yang lebih sedikit dan biasanya
porosnya dalam posisi mendatar.

8. PrinsipKerja
Prinsip kerja turbin pelton
adalah mengkonversi daya fluida dari
air menjadi daya poros untuk
digunakan memutar generator listrik.
Pada sudu- sudu turbin, energi aliran
air diubah menjadi energi mekanik
yaitu putaran roda turbin. Apabila roda
turbin dihubungkan dengan poros
generator listrik, maka energi mekanik
putaran roda turbin diubah menjadi
energi listrik pada generator

9. Whentousea
Pelton
turbine

10. Main dimensions
forthePelton
runner

11. Velocity
Triangels

12. velocity
Absolute velocity from nozzle:
nHgc  21
1
Hg2
c
c
n
1
1 


Circumferential speed:
n
u1
1 Hg2
2
1
2
c
u 
5.0u1 
Euler`s turbine equation:
)cucu(2 u22u11h 
1)05,00.15,0(2)(2 2211  uuh cucu
1c u1  0c 2u 

13. Efficiensy
 For a real Pelton runner there will always be losses.
We will therefore set the hydraulic efficiency to:
96.0h 
The absolute velocity from the nozzle will be:
995.0c99.0 u1 
C1u can be set to 1,0 when dimensioning the turbine.
This gives us:
)cucu(2 u22u11h 
48,0
0,12
96,0
c2
u
u1
n
1 






14. continuity
equation
From continuity equation:
u1
2
s
c
4
d
zQ 



u1
s
cz
Q4
d



Where:
Z = number of nozzles
Q = flow rate
C1u =

15. Thesizeofthe
bucketand
numberofnozzles
4.3
d
B
1.3
s

B = 3,1 · ds 1 nozzle
B = 3,2 · ds 2 nozzles
B = 3,3 · ds 4-5 nozzles
B > 3,3 · ds 6 nozzles

16. Numberof
buckets
𝒁 =
𝑫
𝟐 𝒙 𝒅 𝒔
+ 𝟏𝟓

17. Diameterof
PeltonRunner
D = 10 · ds Hn < 500 m
D = 15 · ds Hn = 1300 m
D < 9,5 · ds
D > 15 · ds is for very high head Pelton

18. Speednumber
zQ
5,0u
0,1c
1
u1


4
d
c
4
d
Q
2
s
u1
2
s 



D
1
Hg2D
Hg2
Hg2D
u2
Hg2 n
n
n
1
n










4
z
D
ds 

4
zd
D
1
zQ
2
s 


19. Speednumber
For the diameter: D = 10 · ds
and one nozzle: z = 1
09,0
4
1
10
1
4
z
D
ds





For the diameter: D = 10 · ds
and six nozzle: z = 6
22,0
4
6
10
1
4
z
D
ds





The maximum speed number for a
Pelton turbine today is  = 0,22
The maximum speed number for a
Pelton turbine with one nozzle is 
= 0,09

20. Numberof
pairsof polesof
thegenerator
Hzffor
z
N
p
50
3000

Zp : Number of pairs of poles of the generator

21. Numberof
pairsof polesof
thegenerator
ExperimentalvaluesofBestvaluesofWheeldiameterto
jetdiameter
Dwheel
/djet,VC
6.5 7.5 10 20
Ns (rpm) 35 32 24 10
turbine 0.82 0.86 0.89 0.90
4
5
H
PN
Ns  P in hp, H in meters and N in rpm

22. DimensionOf
bucket

23. Example
KhimtiPowerPlant
1. The flow rate and head are given
*H = 660 m
*Q = 2,15 m3/s
*P = 12 MW
2. Choose reduced values
c1u = 1  c1u = 114 m/s
u1 = 0,48  u1 = 54,6 m/s
3. Choose the number of nozzles
z = 1

24. 4. Calculate ds from continuity
for one nozzle
5. Choose the bucket width
B = 3,2 · ds= 0, 5 m
m
cz
Q
d
u
s 15,0
4
1






25. 6. Find the diameter by
interpolation
D/ds
Hn [m]
10
15
400 1400
mdD
H
d
D
s
n
s
7,13,11
3,118005,0




26. 7. Calculate the speed:
8. Choose the number of poles on the
generator:
The speed of the runner is given by
the generator and the net frequency:
where Zp=number of poles on the
generator
The number of poles will be:
rpm
D
u
n
DnD
u
613
60
260
2
2
1
1







 
]rpm[
Z
3000
n
p

59,4
3000

n
Zp

27. ][600
3000
rpm
Z
n
p

m
n
u
D
DnD
u 74,1
60
260
2
2
1
1 




 
9. Recalculate the speed:
10. Recalculate the diameter:
11. Choose the number of buckets
z = 22