Study of silt load assessment at Hinganghat G.D station on Vena river

1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
K.D.K. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
2016-17
Project seminar on
Study of silt load assessment by USLE at hinganghat G.D station on
vena river
Guided by: CO- Guided by:
Prof. P. S. Randive ER. N. Z. BAISWARE
Presented by
Vipul Kusumbe Sharayu Fule
Sagar Gurmule Shraddha Kothekar
Pratik Kalambe
Shubham Patil
Sanket Shahakar

2. CONTENTS
• Aim
• Objective
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Data collection
• Software use for data validation
• Computation of actual silt load
• Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)

3. • Computation of silt load by USLE
• Graphs
• Result and discussion
• Conclusion
• References

4. AIM
 The primary aim of project is to study of silt load
assessment in Hinganghat catchment.

5. OBJECTIVE
 Local silt loading measurement.
 Calculation of annual soil loss rate using the
precipitation.
 Using erosion models and their results, a basis can be
developed for regulating the conservation programs.
 Compare results with soil loss estimation models.

6. INTRODUCTION
 Soil is the most important component of the environment
because it links together the atmosphere, soil, vegetation,
drainage, streams & reservoirs.
 It is a fragmented material, originated either from chemical
or physical disintegration of rocks. This material can vary
from big boulder to a colloidal particle. The fluvial
sediments move in the stream as bed load or suspended load
through water flow.
 Sediment is one of the main non-point source pollutants
which can adversely affect the quality of surface and
groundwater.

7. INFORMATION ABOUT CATCHMENT
Study area –Hinganghat watershed
Position- Latitude of 200 32’ 58''N and longitude 780 48' 00" E.
Name of river- vena river
Location- Wardha city
Area of catchment- 4109 KM2
Elevation- 550m to 820m about MSL

8. STUDY AREA
Location of Hinganghat Catchment

9. METHODOLOGY
COLLECTION OF SILT FROM G.D. STATION
 Observation of rainfall, discharge, etc. is carried out for the year
2005 to 2010. It is proposed to study silt load for from past 6
years of sediment and discharge data which obtained from
Hydrology Project, Nashik.
 The analysis for silt load for the entire catchment consists of twice
daily discharge at morning 8.30 am and at evening 5.30 pm and
sampling of sediment fragments at morning 8.30 am.
 The annual Soil loss for Hinganghat Watershed is computed
manually by collecting the sediment samples from Vena River
using integrated sediment sampler (in one liter bottle).
 The filters used for testing have a pore size of 0.45 μm in which
sediment particles are trap and water is removed

10. CALCULATION OF SILT WEIGHT IN LABORATORY
 After collecting the silt from G.D. station the weight was
calculated mg/lit in laboratory.
 The trapped sediment particles are then dried and weighed
using digital weighing machine.
 After calculating silt load in one liter it than converted into
the quantum discharge.
 In this way silt load for one day, by multiplying silt load for
one liter into total daily discharge, which gives total silt load
in river for one day in tons, then for month and then for
season is worked out in tons.
 After computation of actual silt load for each year then it is
compared with universal soil loss model.

11. DATA COLLECTION
• The data will be collected from Hydrological Data User
Group (HDUG), Nashik.
• Data are collecting for Hinganghat GD station.
• The Data Collected Are As Follows:
• Rainfall(twice daily)
• Discharge(twice daily)
• Silt content(twice daily)

12. SOFTWARE USED FOR DATA VALIDATION
For collection, calculation, analysis and validation of data
following software are use:
 SWDES (Surface Water Data Entry System)
 HYMOS (Hydrological Modeling Software)

13. SWDES (Surface Water Data Entry System)
SWDES is computer software developed by “DELFT
HYDRAULICS” Netherlands.
Necessity:
 To enter raw data in easy manner.
 To minimize error at the time of entry of data.
 For fast data entry with minimum error.
Objectives of SWDES:
 To provide sufficient facilities for entering all type of data.
 To suitable facilities for data entry observed by water surface
agencies.
 To minimize mistakes done by operator while entry of data

14. HYMOS (Hydrological Modelling Software)
• HYMOS is an system used for storing, processing and
presentation of data.
• Necessity :
• Well tuned and easy to use.
• Serves needs of authorities like Hydormetereological
services and water boards.
• Objective of HYMOS:
• Processing and presenting hydrological data.
• To provide graphical and map based user interface.
• For validation of data & data processing.
• To obtain relation between parameters.

15. COMPUTATION OF ACTUAL SILT LOAD
Computation of silt load on 01-08-2008
Between 8:30 to 17:30 hrs. & Between 17:30 to 8:30 hrs:-
Discharge. =22.6485cumec.
Quantum of water flown= 22.6485m3/s x24 hrs.
=22.6485x24x3600 m3
=22.6485x24x3600x103 lit.
Concentration of sediment=0.058mg/lit.
Quantum of sediment= (22.6485x9)x3600x103x0.058/103 kg/ lit.
= (22.6485x24) x3.6x0.058 tons
=0.05811 tons
Quantum of sediment on 01-08-2008:-
=0.05811tons
Quantum of sediment in August 2008= Qtm(1st Aug.)+…………+Qtm(31st Aug.)
Quantum of sediment in monsoon 2008=
= Qtm (Aug. 2008) + Qtm (Sept. 2008) + Qtm (Oct. 2008)
=1.966+0.90756+0.05608
=2.93 tons/acre/year.

16. Actual Silt load calculation from 2005 to 2010
Following table shows year wise soil loss in tons
Sr. No. Year Sediment
(tons)
Cumulative sediment
(tons)
1 2005 142675 142675
2 2006 82579 225254
3 2007 349854 575108
4 2008 29749 604857
5 2009 7037 611894
6 2010 244727 856621

17. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
• The USLE was developed in the U.S. based on soil erosion data
collected beginning in the 1930s by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service.
• The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) provides a convenient
way to estimate the rate of soil loss on land so that the loss of soil
rate is compares with district's standards.
• The USLE takes into account the major factors that influence soil
erosion by rainfall, soil types, slope steepness, and management and
conservation practices.
• The soil erosion is a complex process.
• The term ‘universal’ refers consideration of all possible factors
affecting the soil erosion/ soil loss; and also its general applicability.

18. The universal soil loss equation (USLE) is given as under:
A= R .K.LS.C. P
Where,
A= computed soil loss, expressed in tons/ha/yr
R= rainfall erosivity factor
K= soil credibility factor
L= slope length factor
S= slope gradient factor
C= cover or crop rotation factor
P= soil conservation practices factor

19. VARIOUS PARMETER IN USLE
• Rainfall Erosivity factor (R)
• R=0.548257P-59.9
• Where, P= Annual Precipitation in mm.
• Calculation for rainfall Erosivity factor for year 2008,
• R=0.548257P-59.9
• R=0.548257 x 797.12 -59.9
• R = 377.12
• R- factor from year 2005 to 2010 :
Sr. no. Year Annual rainfall (mm) Rainfall Erosivity factor (R)
1 2005 1526.7 777.12
2 2006 1156 573.88
3 2007 1467.2 744.50
4 2008 797.12 377.12
5 2009 843.2 402.39
6 2010 1534.2 781.23

20. Soil Erodibility Factor K
 This factor is related to the various soil properties, by
virtue of which a particular soil becomes susceptible
to get erode, either by water or wind. The physical
characteristics of soil greatly influence the rate at
which different soils are eroded.
 The values of erodibility factor K for use in USLE for
different soil of India have been determined.
 For the hinganghat catchment the soil type is sandy
loam and alluvial, the value of K is 0.23.

21. Slope Length and Steepness Factor (LS)
• The whole of hinganghat Plaines draining and sloping gently
towards wardha river.
• The land falls from about 300 to 350 meter level in north and
about 250 meter in south.
• It is found that slope in hinganghat catchment is less than 9%.

22. Crop Management Practices Factor (C)
 C -factor for various land types according to the area
Land Type Area (Sq. Km) C-Factor
a) Forest
i) Deciduous
ii) Shrub forest
481.37 0.30
129.40 0.02
b) Agriculture
i) Crop land
ii) Farrow
iii) Barren
3054.64 0.34
241.47 0.6
290.94 0.4
The crop management factor is define as ratio of soil loss from a land under specific crop
to the soil loss from a continuous fallow land.

23. Soil Conservation Practices Factor (P)
P-value and topographic limit for contour of alternative strip of
rows crop and small grain:
Sr. no. Land slope
(%)
P-value Strip width length (m) Maximum slope length (m)
1 1-2 0.60 40 250
2 3-5 0.50 30 185
3 6-9 0.50 30 120
4 9-12 0.60 25 75
5 13-16 0.70 25 50
It is define as the ratio of soil loss under a given conservation practice to the soil loss
from up and own the slope.

24. Computation of silt load by USLE
 Calculation silt load by universal soil loss model for year
2008:-
 Soil loss calculation for year 2008,
 A= R *K*LS* C* P
 A=377.12 X 0.23 X 0.42 X 0.34 X0.55
 A= 2.75 tons/acre/year

25. Computation of Silt Load by USLE from year 2005 – 2010
Sr. no. Parameters Year
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1 R 777.12 573.88 744.50 377.12 402.39 781.23
2 LS 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42
3 K 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
4 C 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
5 P 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
6 Soil loss predicted
(Tonnes/acre/year)
5.68 4.19 5.44 2.75 2.94 5.71

27. Discharge vs sediment year 2005
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
140 150 175 250 300 370 400 500 700 800 900 1900
Sedimentload(MT)
Daily discharge (cumec.)
Discharge vs Sediment
Discharge vs
Sediment

28. Discharge vs sediment year 2006
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
170
175
170
185
190
200
300
250
350
500
500
700
Sedimentload(MT)
Daily discharge (cumec.)
Discharge vs Sediment
Discharge vs
Sediment

29. Discharge vs sediment year 2007
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Sedimentload(MT)
Daily discharge (cumec.)
Discharge vs Sediment
Discharge vs
Sediment

30. Discharge vs sediment year 2008
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 1 9 15 20 30 40 50 90 100 250 300 500 900
Sedimentload(MT)
Daily discharge (cumec.)
Discharge vs Sediment
Discharge vs
Sediment

31. Discharge vs sediment year 2009
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
1600.0
10 30 26 30 34 40 50 80 100 130 140 160 180 200 220 240
Sedimentload(MT)
Daily discharge (cumec.)
Discharge vs Sediment
Discharge vs
Sediment

32. Discharge vs sediment year 2010
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
30000.0
35000.0
40000.0
45000.0
50000.0
0
10.0
30.0
50.0
70.0
90.0
110.0
130.0
150.0
170.0
190.0
210.0
230.0
250.0
270.0
290.0
310.0
500
700
850
1100
1800
Sedimentload(MT)
Daily discharge (cumec.)
Discharge vs Sediment
Discharge vs
Sediment

35. Results and discussion
 The average annual rainfall calculated for period 2005 to
2010 is 1220.73 mm, which is maximum in 2010 where as
minimum in 2008.
 The average annual sediment load for the study period is1.43
lakhs-tone by actual calculation.
 The average annual sediment load for the study period is
44708.44 tons by universal soil loss equation method.

36. CONCLUSION
• Above study result show that:
• The sediment from year 2009 is 7037 tons which is lowest during the
consider study 2009. This is because from this year the most of
period rainfall is very low ranges.
• The sediment load from above watershed is quite high and
immediate remedial measure need to adopt to arrest the silt load.
• The present study agrees with more intensity of rainfall for short
duration of time, erodes more valuable soil because of flood.
• By comparing actual silt load calculation with universal soil loss
model, it is found that universal soil loss model gives less silt load.

37. REFERENCES
• Data collected from Hydrological Data User Group
(HDUG), Nashik
• Renard, K.G.; Foster, G.R.; Weesies, G.A.; McCool, D.K.;
Yoder, D.C. Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to
Conservation Planning with the Universal Soil Loss
Equation; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC,
USA, 1997.
• Wischmeier, W.H. Cropping-management factor evaluations
for a universal soil-loss equation. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J.
1960, 24, 322–326.
• Wischmeier, W. H., and D. D. Smith, 1960. "A universal
soil-loss equation to guide conservation farm planning."
Trans. Int. Conger. Soil Sci., 7th, p. 418-425..
• Dr. R. Suresh, Water and Soil Conservation Engineering,
2016. pg no. 740-788.

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March 2014, pp. 46-54.
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based on watershed hydrology, paper no. 76-2335. ASAE.
• Neema J. P, Verma B, and Patel A. P. (1978), Predicting Universal
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39. • Rose C. W., Williams J. R., Sander G. C. and Barry D. A. (1983 b).
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