The document summarizes an updated life cycle assessment (LCA) of disposable and reusable cups. It compares the original 2015 LCA to the updated 2019 LCA, which included additional impact categories, characterization factors from the AWARE water scarcity model, updated normalization factors from a new stakeholder survey, and consideration of a more efficient professional washing machine. The updated LCA found an 83% reduction in impacts between disposable and manually washed reusable cups, compared to 55% in the original LCA. The conclusion is that reusable cups have lower environmental impacts than disposable options even with 100% disposable recycling, especially with manual washing.

1. S U S TA I N A B L E S O L U T I O N S
M A R C H , 2 0 2 1
LCA CUPS 200ML
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2. AGENDA
1. GOAL AND SCOPE
2. LCA CUPS 200 ML - RESULTS 2019
3. COMPARISON OF ORIGINAL LCA AND
UPDATE LCA
4. CONCLUSION
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3. GOAL AND SCOPE
The motivation for this study is to revisit the model
and premises of the study, aiming at updating the
results and having more in-depth discussions regarding
the new configurations of the LCI method and the
advances in Braskem's inventories.
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4. CONFIDENTIAL | RESTRICTED OPERATIONAL | INTERNAL USE | PUBLIC
S O L U T I O N S T O C O M P A R E
Disposable products
• PP cup of 200 ml
• Paper cup of 200 ml
Reasons for carrying out the study and intended audience.
Review and update LCA study of disposable and reusable cups.
Reusable products
• Ceramic cup of 200ml
• Glass cup of 200 ml
• PP cup of 200 ml
GOAL AND SCOPE

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COMPARATIVO
X X X
Copo de vidro Copo de
plástico PP
reutilizável
Copo cerâmica
X
Copo de
papel
Copo de
plástico PP
descartável

6. CONFIDENTIAL | RESTRICTED OPERATIONAL | INTERNAL USE | PUBLIC
GOAL AND SCOPE
X X X
Glass cup Reus.
PP cup
Ceramic cup
X
Paper cup
Dispos.
PP cup
190 g
100% ceramic
0% recycling
115 g
100% glass
0% recycling
20 g
100% PP
21% recycling
Reusable

7. CONFIDENTIAL | RESTRICTED OPERATIONAL | INTERNAL USE | PUBLIC
GOAL AND SCOPE
X X
Glass cup Reus.
PP cup
Ceramic cup
190 g
100% ceramic
0% recycling
115 g
100% glass
0% recycling
20 g
100% PP
21% recycling
Reusable
Manufacturing
60 cups
Use
Washing
+62,500 washes
Final disposal
Landfill
100 people
Disposable 1 liter/day
2X before wash or trash
250 days/year

8. CONFIDENTIAL | RESTRICTED OPERATIONAL | INTERNAL USE | PUBLIC
GOAL AND SCOPE
X X X
Glass cup Reus.
PP cup
Ceramic cup
X
Paper cup
Dispos.
PP cup
1,88 g
100% PP
21% recycling
Disposable
4,24 g
5% PE + 95% SBB
unbleached paper
0% recycling

9. CONFIDENTIAL | RESTRICTED OPERATIONAL | INTERNAL USE | PUBLIC
GOAL AND SCOPE
X
Paper cup
Dispos.
PP cup
1,88 g
100% PP
21% recycling
Disposable
4,24 g
5% PE + 95% SBB
unbleached paper
0% recycling
Manufacturing
62,500 cups
Use
Final disposal
Landfill
100 people
Disposable 1 liter/day
2X before wash or trash
250 days/year

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F L O W D I A G R A M
Kaolin
production
Ceramic Extrusion
Packaging
Use phase
End of Life
*10.43
𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑝
Not considered
Landfill
Ceramic
Clay production
GOAL AND SCOPE
Silica
production
Feldspar
production

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F L O W D I A G R A M
Sodium
carbonate
Glass Molding
Packaging
Use phase
End of Life
*10.43
𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑝
Not considered
Landfill
Glass
Silicon dioxide
GOAL AND SCOPE
Calcium
carbonate

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Polypropylene
Basic Chemicals Polymerization Sheet extrusion Thermoforming
Packaging
Use phase
End of Life
*13.61
𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑝
Landfill
*10.25
𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑝
F L O W D I A G R A M
GOAL AND SCOPE

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F L O W D I A G R A M
Cellulose & Pulp
Paperboard
production
Polypaper Cut&Bond
Packaging
Use phase
End of Life
*10.43
𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑝
Not considered
Landfill
Paper
Basic Chemicals Polymerization
GOAL AND SCOPE

14. LCA CUPS 200 ML -
UPDATE 2019
The necessary data for the review process were
provided by Braskem, partner companies, in literature
and the adaptation of inventories available in the
Ecoinvent v3 database, according to the ISO 14040
standard.
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15. LCA CUPS 200 ML - UPDATE 2019
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S O L U T I O N S T O C O M P A R E
Data
Boundary
Function
Environmental performances of products to provide 62.5 m³ of
drinkable water to people in the Brazilian context.
Literature / Market information / Ecoinvent
Cradle to grave

16. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Reusable
PP Cup*
Reusable
Glass Cup*
Reusable
Ceramic Cup*
Disposable
PP Cup**
Disposable
Paper Cup
Marine Eutrophication
Freshwater Ecotoxicity
Human Toxicity - Soil
Human Toxicity - Water
Human Toxicity - Air
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Freshwater Eutrophication
Mineral Depletion
Land use
Water Use
Acidification
Photochemical Oxidation
Respiratory Inorganics
Ozone Depletion
Climate Change (GWP)
Scenario with
mechanical
washing based on
LCA study made in
2019
LCA CUPS 200 ML - UPDATE 2019
3,19
1,84
0,79
0,67
0,65
42%
56%
*professional washing machine
** 21% recycling

17. DATA SOURCE
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Parameters
METVISA
B20 ¹
MVFLCSTD ²
Ative 8 serviços
Brastemp ³
Capacity (cups/cycle) 31 25 60
Cycle (seconds) 120 90 -
Electricity (kWh/cup) 0,0035 0,004 0,013
Water (l/cup)4 0,055 0,112 0,255
Soap (g/cup) 0,645* 0,800* 0,333*
Effluent (l/cup) 0,055 0,112 0,255
Washing machine
Professional
Parameters
Low
Scenario
LCA
(2015)
Water (l/cup) 5 0,5 1,2
Soap (g/cup) 6 0,13 0,32
Effluent (l/cup) 0,5 1,2
Regular
Manual washing
¹ http://www.metvisa.com.br/produtos/?cat=MLL
² https://www.mvflavadoras.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FICHA-TÉCNICA-LC.pdf
³ https://d1ei86x16ftk6v.cloudfront.net/media/Brastemp_Lava_loucas_BLF08AS_Manual_Versao_Impressao.pdf
4 21% of loss, according Trata Brasil (2018)
5 (Relatório de Ensaio Whirlpool ) 6 OVAM (2016)
* 1 tablet of soap (20 g) per cycle

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Scenario with
mechanical washing
based on LCA study
made in 2015
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Reusable
PP Cup
Reusable
Glass Cup
Reusable
Ceramic Cup
Disposable
PP Cup
Disposable
Paper Cup
Marine Eutrophication
Freshwater Ecotoxicity
Human Toxicity - Soil
Human Toxicity - Water
Human Toxicity - Air
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Freshwater Eutrophication
Mineral Depletion
Land use
Water Use
Acidification
Photochemical Oxidation
Respiratory Inorganics
Ozone Depletion
Climate Change (GWP)
LCA CUPS 200 ML - UPDATE 2019
3,19
1,84
1,65
1,53
1,50
11%
Regular
Active 8 Brastemp –
with 60 cups

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Scenario with
manual washing
(LCA 2015)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Reusable
PP Cup
Reusable
Glass Cup
Reusable
Ceramic Cup
Disposable
PP Cup
Disposable
Paper Cup
Marine Eutrophication
Freshwater Ecotoxicity
Human Toxicity - Soil
Human Toxicity - Water
Human Toxicity - Air
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Freshwater Eutrophication
Mineral Depletion
Land use
Water Use
Acidification
Photochemical Oxidation
Respiratory Inorganics
Ozone Depletion
Climate Change (GWP)
LCA CUPS 200 ML - UPDATE 2019
3,19
1,84
0,97
0,85
0,83
47%

20. CONFIDENTIAL | RESTRICTED OPERATIONAL | INTERNAL USE | PUBLIC
Scenario with 100%
of PP recycling
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Reusable
PP Cup
Reusable
Glass Cup
Reusable
Ceramic Cup
Disposable
PP Cup
Disposable
Paper Cup
Marine Eutrophication
Freshwater Ecotoxicity
Human Toxicity - Soil
Human Toxicity - Water
Human Toxicity - Air
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Freshwater Eutrophication
Mineral Depletion
Land use
Water Use
Acidification
Photochemical Oxidation
Respiratory Inorganics
Ozone Depletion
Climate Change (GWP)
LCA CUPS 200 ML - UPDATE 2019
3,19
1,37
0,79
0,67
0,64
57%

21. COMPARISON OF
ORIGINAL LCA AND
UPDATE LCA
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22. COMPARISON OF METHODS
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Difference between disposable and reusable single score index. (negative
values in favor of reusable and positive values in favor of disposable)
 New method was deployed throughout all LCA projects as an update to the market best practices. The main
updates rely on:
 Number of impact categories: from 12 to 15
Mainly include human toxicity categories to the single score index and split abiotic depletion into two
categories, namely fossil fuel depletion and Mineral depletion.
 Characterization factors and risk assessment concept
Water depletion category was updated to a water scarcity model. It enhances the assertiveness of the
results by providing a nation level result based on the pressure on water resources.
 Normalization factors
Updated accordingly to the impact category and data availability
 Weighting factors
Updated considering survey with 104 people inside and outside Braskem. For this study, it is important
to note that water category weighting factor dropped from 9% relevance to 5% relevance.

23. COMPARISON OF METHODS
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Original data + old method
14%
Original data + new method
-121%
New data + new method
-183%
Difference between disposable and reusable single score index. (negative
values in favor of reusable and positive values in favor of disposable)
 Study’s update was commissioned to include paper amongst the disposable options, update data on washing
machinery and update the results according to the new method. The main updates rely on:
 New washing machine considered
The original study considered a conventional washing machine (household) in which 60 cups could
be washed per cycle. The update considered a cups only machine (professional use) which washed
31 cups per cycle and uses 73% less energy and 78% less water per cup.

24. COMPARISON OF METHODS
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The method called AWARE (Available WAter REmaining) consolidated for the Water Footprint
(Boulay et al., 2015), with differentiating factors by watershed, is the result of a consensus work
promoted by the United Nations Development Program (UNEP) and Society of Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), in the Life Cycle Initiative, for the category of water scarcity.
ReCiPe method
2015 LCA
AWARE method
(Available Water Remaining)
2019 LCA update
The ReCiPe method is a continuation of the Eco-indicator 99 and CML 2000 methods that integrate
and harmonize the midpoint and endpoint approaches in a common and consistent structure. This
method has a global application scope for the categories of impact on climate change, ozone
depletion and resource consumption and the scope of application valid for Europe for the other
impact categories.

25. COMPARISON OF RESULTS
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 83% reduction in environmental impacts
between a reusable PP cup with manual
washing and a disposable PP cup
LCA CUPS
(RESULTS 2015)
Disposable PP Cup
Reusable PP Cup
(mechan. Wash.)
Reusable PP Cup
(manual wash.)
 55% reduction in environmental
impacts between a disposable PP cup
and a reusable PP cup with manual
washing
 Manual washing – regular scenario
 Ecoinvent v2.2
 Ecoinvent v3.4
 Manual washing – low scenario
LCA CUPS
(UPDATE 2019)
Disposable PP cup
Reusable PP cup
(mechan. wash.)
Reusable PP cup
(manual wash.)

26. CONCLUSION
• In the baseline scenario, considering the single score, the reusable alternatives has lowest
potential environmental impact, compared to disposal alternatives. Even considering a
scenario where the disposable PP cup is 100% sent to recycling, the reusable alternatives
maintain the best environmental performance.
• Considering the scenario with regular washing machine, the results are close to being
inconclusive with slight advantage to reusable alternatives.
• In the scenario with manual washing the reusable alternatives maintain the best
environmental performance.
• For the disposable alternatives the main impacts are concentrated in Raw Material and
Final Disposal stages. For the Reusable alternatives the impacts are concentrated in Use
stage.
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27. Thank you!
Yuki Kabe
yuki.kabe@braskem.com
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