Concrete and glass as building material as per an architecture student perspective

1. Studio-III
By:- Pinak Dalwadi
Piyush Verma
Shaishav Muliya

2. Concrete and Glass

3. Concrete

4. Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, Fine Aggregate(sand), Course aggregate, and Water.
Portland Cement Sand
Course Aggregate Water
Ingredients Percentage in
Mixture
Cement 11%
Sand 26%
Course Aggregates 41%
Water 16%
• Portland cement is mixture of
various elements such as lime, iron,
silica and alumina.
• All the raw materials are mixed and
burned at 2500 c in clinker.

6. Historical Background of Concrete
Romans were the first who invented concrete while quarrying the lime stone in mount Vesuvius(Italy).
Accidentally they found silica and alumina burned with limestone, Cement is produced. When cement
mixed with water and sand mortar is made , while adding aggregate concrete is made. Romans used
concrete in many of the buildings.

7. Hadrian's Villa inn Rome is made of concrete
Hadrian’s villa is large villa made in Rome with unreinforced concrete with bricks.

9. Colosseum is built of concrete. The brick is acting as formwork for concrete

12. Construction with
concrete in modern
days.(on- Site)

13. Concrete is used to construct
Foundation Beams And columns
Slabs Staircase

14. Concrete is used to construct
Ramps
Walls
facade
Arcades

15. Types of slab constructed using concrete
One Way slab
• Generally used in every construction with concrete.
• Spans 3m to 5m.
• If span increases thickness should be increased or even diameter of reinforcement
increases.
• If we need larger spans with minimum columns then other types of slabs is used.
Two Way slab

16. Types of slab constructed using concrete
Waffle slab Flat slab with drop panel and capital
One way joist slab

17. Advantages And Disadvantages working with concrete
Advantage
• High Compressive Strength
• It can be cast to any desired form.
• Fire Resistance
• Durable
• Low Maintenance cost.
• Less Skilled labourers can work with
concrete.
• Larger span can be achieved
Disadvantage
• Low Tensile Strength then compression
• Cracks can be formed due to shrinkage and
varying live loads.
• It requires time for curing to achieve its
desire strength.
Remedy
• Concrete is used with reinforced bars of TMT or hot rolled bars as steel has high tensile strength.
• Different grades of cement and proportion used for different functions prevent the concrete to shrink
and prevent from cracks.

18. Different forms achieved with concrete
Spain Auditorium , Santiago Calatrava
Jubilee Church, Richard MeyerTwine house, Anton Gibbon
Wotruba Church, Wotruba

19. concrete products
Reinforced Concrete Precast Concrete Pre stressed Concrete
Hollow Concrete Blocks Ferro cement Concrete Shotcrete Concrete

20. Reinforced Concrete

21. Reinforced concrete buildings
All the buildings having framed structure is made up of
reinforced concrete.

22. Chapel at Ronchamp by Le-Corbusier
The walls are made from brick masonry on top
of that white wash has been done.
The roof is made of reinforced concrete.

23. Kimble art Museum by
Louis I Kahn
United States

24. Tagore Hall by B.V.Doshi
Ahmedabad

25. Sardar vallabhai Patel stadium by Charles corea
Ahmedabad

26. Palace of assembly by Le- Corbusier
Chandigarh

27. John F Kennedy Terminal, Eero Sarrerin
Newyork

28. Precast Concrete

29. Types of precast concrete slabs and girders

30. • Joining of different precast elements is
done by bolting riveting and anchoring.
• Different types of joints used to connect
columns by anchoring bolts .

32. Sydney opera house by John Utzon
Sydney opera house, john Utzon
Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXBCaGb0dy8
The shells are made by joining more than 2000 segments made of precast concrete and assemble by
the crane. On top of precast segments ceramic tiles moulded on the plate fixed to the segments.

33. Philips Pavilion by Le-Corbusier office (Xaniens)
Belgium

34. 11Hoyt Tower by Studio Gangs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBSn3a
d2H1I
57 floor skyscraper in Brooklyn,
having façade wall made up of
precast concrete

35. Broad museum by Diller Scofidio + Renfro
Structure made of
concrete and façade
made of precast
concrete
Los Angeles

37. Building in Toronto by Batay-Csorba Architects(toronto)

38. Palazzo Italia by Nemesi architects(Italy)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS7HwQcXBFE

39. National Museum of Qatar by Jean
Nouvel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=is341y
8jvnU
Qatar, Doha

40. Post tension And pretension precast concrete

41. Pre tensioned and post tensioned precast concrete

42. Post tension of the
beam by hydraulic jack
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=5wV0xtVSkE0

43. Ahmedabad Metro bridge

44. Jubilee church, Richard Meyer(Italy)
prestressed concrete

45. Ferro cement

46. Ferro cement concrete buildings(Ahmedabad)
Hussain Doshi Gufa , B.V.Doshi

47. Ferrocement structure in sal School of architecture

48. SR No. RCC Ferro cement
1. Minimum thickness 100mm Minimum thickness 25mm
2. Course aggregate is present Rich Poland cement with fine
aggregate cement is present
3. Reinforcement of larger dia
bars and more widely space
compared to ferrocement
Greater percentage of reinforcement,
comprising closely spaced small
diameter wires and wire mesh,
distributed uniformly
4. Structure is heavier Structure is lighter
5. Construction can’t done
without formwork
Construction can be done without
formwork

49. Shotcrete buildings

50. Concrete masonry blocks

51. Types of masonry blocks

52. Concrete masonry blocks
Mesa community college

53. 701 house by Airscape architect studio

54. Decay Of Concrete
Decay of concrete can
occur due to various
reasons, it happens due to
water containing salt,
corrosion of reinforced
bars, blisters due to
continuous water displace
on surface, etc.
Concrete is a porous
material. Over time, air and
water can seep into the
holes throughout a
structure and cause the
steel within to oxidize and
corrode the steel.

55. Glass

56. History of glass
• Initially a material for colored beads and small bottles,
glass was first used in windows in Roman times.
• By the 10th century A.D., the Venetian island of
Murano had become the major center of glassmaking,
producing crown glass and cylinde glasss for
windows.
• Neither crown glass nor cylinder glass was of
sufficient optical quality for the fine mirrors desired by
the 17th-century nobility. For this reason, plate glass
was first produced, in France, in the late 17th century.

57. • In the early years of the 20th century, cylinder glass production
was gradually replaced by processes that pulled at sheets of
drawn glass directly from a container of molten glass.
• In 1959, the English firm of Pilkington Brothers Ltd. started
production of fl oat glass, which has since been licensed to other
glassmakers and has become the worldwide standard, replacing
both drawn glass and plate glass.

59. Cast Glass
Glass casting is the
process in
which glass objects
are cast by directing
molten glass into a
mold where it
solidifies.

60. Crown glass
glass made without lead or
iron, originally in a circular
sheet. Formerly used in
windows, it is now used as
optical glass of low refractive
index.

61. Cylinder glass Drawn sheet glass

62. Cast plate glass

63. Rolled plate glass Float glass

64. Prism glass

65. Glass block

66. Annealed glass

67. Laminated glass

68. Heat strengthened glass

70. Low-emissivity glass

71. Heatable glass

72. Self cleaning glass

73. Insulating glass

74. Evacuated glazing

75. Stained glass

76. Wire glass

77. Use of glass in flooring
• Tempered laminated glass, Heat Strengthened
laminated glass and Tempered glass laminated with
sentry PVB are preferred choice of glass, for its
durability and resistance to breakage.
• Adding an artistic touch to the glass floor, can bring
notable dispersed light, to cascade down in a
thousand of colours.
• Glass floors generally tend to work out around twice
as strong as their wooden counterparts, owing to both
the inherent strength of the glass itself, plus the
additional support structure that secures it in place.
• https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-36494150/china-s-giant-glass-
bridge-hit-with-sledgehammer

78. Glass as Floor

80. glass in roof

81. Glass as Facade

83. Glass as staircase

85. Glass as Partition wall

86. Decorative glass for windows

87. Thank You