E- coli can normally grow on minimal media- You expose some E- coli to.pdf
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E. coli can normally grow on minimal media. You expose some E. coli to UV light which creates a single point mutation in each bacterium. You dilute the E. coli and grow it on full media so all colonies can grow. You 'stamp' replica plates onto plates containing minimal media, or minimal media containing supplements i iv. Only some colonies can grow on each plate. This type of genetic analysis can be used to dissect the steps in a biosynthesis pathway. For example, here it can be seen that the gene product (enzyme) lost in colony A is involved in the synthesis of compound i , and all compounds ii -iv are made from i . Sketch a pathway for the synthesis of compounds i -iv. Label the steps with enzymes A D . Note, the pathway may have branches. Are the following true or false? 5 marks A similar experiment identified that E. coli mutants x , Y and z have one mutation in the or subunits of tryptophan synthase. You carry out a western blot to visualise tryptophan synthase in these mutants, and wildtype (WT; not mutated) E. coli. mark Unmutated tryptophan synthase is a longer gene than unmutated tryptophan True synthase . Check all the types of mutation which X could likely have according to these data. 2 marks Frameshift (deletion or insertion of one base) Nonsense (creation of Stop codon) Missense (swapping one amino acid for another) Mutation in regulatory region (e.g. promoter) No mutation Check all the types of mutation which Y could likely have according to these data. 2 marks Frameshift (deletion or insertion of one base) Nonsense (creation of Stop codon) Missense (swapping one amino acid for another) Mutation in regulatory region (e.g. promoter) No mutation.
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Understanding how the gum disease pathogen- Porphyromonas gingivalis- (1).pdf
Understanding how the gum disease pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, makes outer
membrane vesicles (OMVs). If you examine the top left panel in the main figure (labelled WT
for wild-type), OMVs are those little spheres surrounding the bacterial cells. OMVs bleb off the
bacterial membrane and contain a variety of different cargo molecules (such as proteins, nucleic
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towards advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive OMV production
and were generated by either deleting the gene or interest (GOI) or introducing individual
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Below are representative transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of the WT and mutant P.
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these bacterial strains. Use this data to answer the following questions.
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should include a potential function for the protein encoded by the GOI. In other words, how
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381.
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Understanding how the gum disease pathogen- Porphyromonas gingivalis- (1).pdf
Understanding how the gum disease pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, makes outer
membrane vesicles (OMVs). If you examine the top left panel in the main figure (labelled WT
for wild-type), OMVs are those little spheres surrounding the bacterial cells. OMVs bleb off the
bacterial membrane and contain a variety of different cargo molecules (such as proteins, nucleic
acids, and metabolites) that seem to play a role in bacterial interactions with other bacteria and
even host cells. While most Gram-negative bacteria produce OMVs, little is known about the
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the cell surface. The Alaei lab has identified several mutant strains of P. gingivalis that make
fewer or a greater abundance of OMVs than the WT strain. These mutant strains are vital
towards advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive OMV production
and were generated by either deleting the gene or interest (GOI) or introducing individual
mutations into the GOI.
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gingivalis strains as well as quantitative data that measures the quantity of OMVs produced by
these bacterial strains. Use this data to answer the following questions.
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bacterial strains where the GOI was deleted vs. the bacterial strains where individual amino acid
substitutions were introduced into the GOI.
b) Provide a hypothesis that could have been tested using this experiment. Your hypothesis
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381.
Biology homework help
http://finishedexams.com/Business.php
Immediate access to solutions for ENTIRE COURSES, FINAL EXAMS and HOMEWORKS “RATED A+" - Without Registration!
can you please answer the blank based on the info below thanks Pease.pdf
can you please answer the blank based on the info below
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Pease refer to your lab manual and fill in the following blanks with exactly one word: 1. The
auxotrophic strain of E. coli that will be used today cannot independently synthesize tryptophan,
an amino acid. They possess a mutation that prevents tryptophan synthesis and are thus said to be
trp". 2. When the same E. coll are placed into a petri dish with an unidentified substance, they
begin to grow and replicate quickly, forming over 50 colonies within the first 24 hours. Because
these bacteria are rapidly multiplying, they must have undergone a mutation restoring their
ability to synthesize tryptophan. 3. The Ames Test can reveal whether a specific chemical is a ,
or an agent that causes changes (mutations) to DNA. The mutagenicity of a chemical, or a
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ability) of that chemical. 4 Strains of bacteria with mutations that prevent them from
synthesizing compounds necossary for cell growth are said to be In order for these bacteria to
survive, the compounds that the bacteria cannot synthesize must be supplied in the growth
media. 5 When the same E. coli (described in numbers 1 and 2) are placed into a petri dish
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control plate, and the number of colonies represents the mutation rate. (mutations) to DNA. The
mutagenicity of a chemical, or a chemical's ability to cause mutations in DNA, is strongly
correlated with the (cancer-causing ability) of that chemical. 4. Strains of bacteria with mutations
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order for these bacteria to survive, the compounds that the bacteria cannot synthesize must be
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placed into a petri dish containing just water, 11 colonies appear after 24 hours This plate (petri
dish) represents the _ control plate, and the number of colonies represents the mutation rate. 6.
For the purposes of our lab today, we will consider a substance to be mutagenic if the number of
bacterial colonies on that substance's plate is greater than the number of colonies on the negative
control plate. 1. An unidentified substance is dropped onto the center of a petri dish plated with
auxotrophic E. coll. 48 hours later, a circular area in the center of the petri dish apsears. Because
there is no sign of any bacterial colonies here. this is likely a zone of and the substance is likely
THE AMES TEST FOR MUTAGENESIS INTRODUCTION Human beings are exposed, often
involuntarily, to a wide vatiety of chemicals in their daily lives. Now that much of the food we
eat has been processed, many of these chemicals afe present in our diet. Also, convier the
substances we rub on our skin and the molecules we spray into the air and breathe. We are.
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mutations Is a process that produces a gene or chromosome that differs from the wild type.
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DNA and Genes Lab ActivityComplete your answers in the spaces .docx
DNA and Genes Lab Activity
Complete your answers in the spaces provided. USE YOUR OWN WORDS – Yes even for definitions! Remember to add your last name and first initial to the file name prior to saving and submitting your completed assignment through Canvas.
Use your textbook, notes and these websites to answer the pre lab questions. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/cellcycle/trans/
Pre Lab Questions:
1. What is the product of transcription?
2. What is the region of DNA called where transcription begins?
3. What is the product of translation?
4. In your own words define each of the following: Silent mutation
Missense mutation Nonsense mutation Frame shift mutation
5. Where in the cell does translation take place?
Click on the link below to access the online lab.
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs_2K8/pages/DNA_And_Genes.html
Download and print the instructions for reference as you work through the lab. As you work through the lab fill in the table below. Use this information to answer the questions that follow contained in this document.
First read through the mutation guide. Once you close the guide you will see the buttons to begin the simulation. Note, you will be translating the mRNA strand into a protein.
As you work through each of the mutations fill in the charts below. You must complete 4 mutations for this lab activity. It’s good practice working with the codon table .
– Aris labs calls the codon table the ‘Genetic Code Chart’. Use the amino acid abbreviation for the protein sequence. For example the amino acid proline is abbreviated as pro.
You have to fill in all the letters AND the resulting amino acid sequence by dragging and dropping before you click the [check] button. Abrieviate STOP as either STP or END.
For each of the three mutations you will complete, fill in the table in this lab document with the original mRNA and amino acid sequence and the mRNA sequence and the resulting amino acid sequence RESULTING FROM the mutation as outlined in the mutation rule.
The various mutations represent missense, nonsense, silent and frame shift mutations. You must complete one of each. The lab will not necessarily present the mutations in this order. You must do the mutation and identify which type it is and make sure you do one of each.
6. Frame Shift Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
7. Missense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
8. Nonsense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
9. Silent Mutation example:
Pr ...
Understanding how the gum disease pathogen- Porphyromonas gingivalis-.pdf
Understanding how the gum disease pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, makes outer
membrane vesicles (OMVs). If you examine the top left panel in the main figure (labelled WT
for wild-type), OMVs are those little spheres surrounding the bacterial cells. OMVs bleb off the
bacterial membrane and contain a variety of different cargo molecules (such as proteins, nucleic
acids, and metabolites) that seem to play a role in bacterial interactions with other bacteria and
even host cells. While most Gram-negative bacteria produce OMVs, little is known about the
molecular mechanisms that drive the loading of cargo molecules and the release of OMVs from
the cell surface. They have identified several mutant strains of P. gingivalis that make fewer or a
greater abundance of OMVs than the WT strain. These mutant strains are vital towards
advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive OMV production and were
generated by either deleting the gene or interest (GOI) or introducing individual mutations into
the GOI.
Below are representative transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of the WT and mutant P.
gingivalis strains as well as quantitative data that measures the quantity of OMVs produced by
these bacterial strains.
a) Briefly summarize the data shown in the figure. Be sure to compare the phenotypes from the
bacterial strains where the GOI was deleted vs. the bacterial strains where individual amino acid
substitutions were introduced into the GOI.
b) Given their phenotypes, did the single amino acid substitutions (R88A, H116A and H157A)
alter the catalytic activity of this phosphatase? What level(s) of protein structure (primary,
secondary, tertiary, quaternary) would you expect to be altered by mutations that impact
phosphatase activity? Briefly explain your answer.
c) Based on what you know about enzymes (and the phenotypes associated with the mutant P.
gingivalis strains), where in the protein might the amino acid substitutions be located? Why
would altering protein structure at this site result in the phenotypes that you see illustrated in the
figure?
d) Do the single amino acid substitution (R88A, H116A and H157A) mutants display the same
phenotype as the null mutant strain (i.e. the mutant strain where the GOI was deleted)? What
about genotypes (are they the same or different)? Briefly explain your answer.
e) Consider the specific amino acids that were mutated in the P. gingivalis mutants (R8A,
H116A and H157A). Describe the nature of the mutations (how do the R-groups of substituted
amino acids differ from the amino acids that they replaced) and predict whether these specific
mutations are likely to have impacted the primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary structure
of the phosphatase encoded by the GOI. Explain your reasoning.
f) What type of point mutations do you think underlie the amino acid substitutions in the GOI
(conservative/nonconservative missense, nonsense, silent, frameshift)? Explain your reasoning.
381
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Biology homework help
http://finishedexams.com/Business.php
Immediate access to solutions for ENTIRE COURSES, FINAL EXAMS and HOMEWORKS “RATED A+" - Without Registration!
can you please answer the blank based on the info below thanks Pease.pdf
can you please answer the blank based on the info below
thanks
Pease refer to your lab manual and fill in the following blanks with exactly one word: 1. The
auxotrophic strain of E. coli that will be used today cannot independently synthesize tryptophan,
an amino acid. They possess a mutation that prevents tryptophan synthesis and are thus said to be
trp". 2. When the same E. coll are placed into a petri dish with an unidentified substance, they
begin to grow and replicate quickly, forming over 50 colonies within the first 24 hours. Because
these bacteria are rapidly multiplying, they must have undergone a mutation restoring their
ability to synthesize tryptophan. 3. The Ames Test can reveal whether a specific chemical is a ,
or an agent that causes changes (mutations) to DNA. The mutagenicity of a chemical, or a
chemical's ablity to cause mutations in DNA, is strongly correlated with the (cancer-causing
ability) of that chemical. 4 Strains of bacteria with mutations that prevent them from
synthesizing compounds necossary for cell growth are said to be In order for these bacteria to
survive, the compounds that the bacteria cannot synthesize must be supplied in the growth
media. 5 When the same E. coli (described in numbers 1 and 2) are placed into a petri dish
containing just water, 11 colonies appear atter 24 hours. This plato (petri dish) represents the -
control plate, and the number of colonies represents the mutation rate. (mutations) to DNA. The
mutagenicity of a chemical, or a chemical's ability to cause mutations in DNA, is strongly
correlated with the (cancer-causing ability) of that chemical. 4. Strains of bacteria with mutations
that prevent them from synthesizing compounds necessary for cell growth are said to be . In
order for these bacteria to survive, the compounds that the bacteria cannot synthesize must be
supplied in the growth media. 5. When the same E. coll (described in numbers 1 and 2 ) are
placed into a petri dish containing just water, 11 colonies appear after 24 hours This plate (petri
dish) represents the _ control plate, and the number of colonies represents the mutation rate. 6.
For the purposes of our lab today, we will consider a substance to be mutagenic if the number of
bacterial colonies on that substance's plate is greater than the number of colonies on the negative
control plate. 1. An unidentified substance is dropped onto the center of a petri dish plated with
auxotrophic E. coll. 48 hours later, a circular area in the center of the petri dish apsears. Because
there is no sign of any bacterial colonies here. this is likely a zone of and the substance is likely
THE AMES TEST FOR MUTAGENESIS INTRODUCTION Human beings are exposed, often
involuntarily, to a wide vatiety of chemicals in their daily lives. Now that much of the food we
eat has been processed, many of these chemicals afe present in our diet. Also, convier the
substances we rub on our skin and the molecules we spray into the air and breathe. We are.
mutations
mutations Is a process that produces a gene or chromosome that differs from the wild type.
The mutation may result due to changes either on the gene or the chromosome itself.
DNA and Genes Lab ActivityComplete your answers in the spaces .docx
DNA and Genes Lab Activity
Complete your answers in the spaces provided. USE YOUR OWN WORDS – Yes even for definitions! Remember to add your last name and first initial to the file name prior to saving and submitting your completed assignment through Canvas.
Use your textbook, notes and these websites to answer the pre lab questions. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/cellcycle/trans/
Pre Lab Questions:
1. What is the product of transcription?
2. What is the region of DNA called where transcription begins?
3. What is the product of translation?
4. In your own words define each of the following: Silent mutation
Missense mutation Nonsense mutation Frame shift mutation
5. Where in the cell does translation take place?
Click on the link below to access the online lab.
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs_2K8/pages/DNA_And_Genes.html
Download and print the instructions for reference as you work through the lab. As you work through the lab fill in the table below. Use this information to answer the questions that follow contained in this document.
First read through the mutation guide. Once you close the guide you will see the buttons to begin the simulation. Note, you will be translating the mRNA strand into a protein.
As you work through each of the mutations fill in the charts below. You must complete 4 mutations for this lab activity. It’s good practice working with the codon table .
– Aris labs calls the codon table the ‘Genetic Code Chart’. Use the amino acid abbreviation for the protein sequence. For example the amino acid proline is abbreviated as pro.
You have to fill in all the letters AND the resulting amino acid sequence by dragging and dropping before you click the [check] button. Abrieviate STOP as either STP or END.
For each of the three mutations you will complete, fill in the table in this lab document with the original mRNA and amino acid sequence and the mRNA sequence and the resulting amino acid sequence RESULTING FROM the mutation as outlined in the mutation rule.
The various mutations represent missense, nonsense, silent and frame shift mutations. You must complete one of each. The lab will not necessarily present the mutations in this order. You must do the mutation and identify which type it is and make sure you do one of each.
6. Frame Shift Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
7. Missense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
8. Nonsense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
9. Silent Mutation example:
Pr ...
Understanding how the gum disease pathogen- Porphyromonas gingivalis-.pdf
Understanding how the gum disease pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, makes outer
membrane vesicles (OMVs). If you examine the top left panel in the main figure (labelled WT
for wild-type), OMVs are those little spheres surrounding the bacterial cells. OMVs bleb off the
bacterial membrane and contain a variety of different cargo molecules (such as proteins, nucleic
acids, and metabolites) that seem to play a role in bacterial interactions with other bacteria and
even host cells. While most Gram-negative bacteria produce OMVs, little is known about the
molecular mechanisms that drive the loading of cargo molecules and the release of OMVs from
the cell surface. They have identified several mutant strains of P. gingivalis that make fewer or a
greater abundance of OMVs than the WT strain. These mutant strains are vital towards
advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive OMV production and were
generated by either deleting the gene or interest (GOI) or introducing individual mutations into
the GOI.
Below are representative transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of the WT and mutant P.
gingivalis strains as well as quantitative data that measures the quantity of OMVs produced by
these bacterial strains.
a) Briefly summarize the data shown in the figure. Be sure to compare the phenotypes from the
bacterial strains where the GOI was deleted vs. the bacterial strains where individual amino acid
substitutions were introduced into the GOI.
b) Given their phenotypes, did the single amino acid substitutions (R88A, H116A and H157A)
alter the catalytic activity of this phosphatase? What level(s) of protein structure (primary,
secondary, tertiary, quaternary) would you expect to be altered by mutations that impact
phosphatase activity? Briefly explain your answer.
c) Based on what you know about enzymes (and the phenotypes associated with the mutant P.
gingivalis strains), where in the protein might the amino acid substitutions be located? Why
would altering protein structure at this site result in the phenotypes that you see illustrated in the
figure?
d) Do the single amino acid substitution (R88A, H116A and H157A) mutants display the same
phenotype as the null mutant strain (i.e. the mutant strain where the GOI was deleted)? What
about genotypes (are they the same or different)? Briefly explain your answer.
e) Consider the specific amino acids that were mutated in the P. gingivalis mutants (R8A,
H116A and H157A). Describe the nature of the mutations (how do the R-groups of substituted
amino acids differ from the amino acids that they replaced) and predict whether these specific
mutations are likely to have impacted the primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary structure
of the phosphatase encoded by the GOI. Explain your reasoning.
f) What type of point mutations do you think underlie the amino acid substitutions in the GOI
(conservative/nonconservative missense, nonsense, silent, frameshift)? Explain your reasoning.
381
.
Similar to E- coli can normally grow on minimal media- You expose some E- coli to.pdf (20)
can you please answer the blank based on the info below thanks Pease.pdf
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Which of the following is a factor that affects the pathogenicity of a microorganism?
Susceptibility to stomach pH Age of the host Route of entry All of the above Immune status of
the host.
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Earth-Sun Relationships / Solar Noon Angles Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to explain
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season affect sun angle. Earth-Sun Relationships: The distance between Earth and the Sun
averages about 150 million kilometers (about 93 million miles). Because of that great distance,
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Eamings per share are divided by and dividends per share are (Select.pdf
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Earth's mantle makes up of the total volume of the planet. 82.50% 54.60% 91.10% 37.80%.
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E. coli
SALMONELLA
LISTERA
Major foods
Gram
Group
Lowest D value for cooking
z-value
Aerobe or Anaerobe
Reservoir in nature
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Spore former?
Species grps
Temp related feature or groups
Toxin grps
If any
E. coli SALMONELLA LISTERA
Major foods
Gram
Group
Lowest D value
for cooking
z-value
Aerobe or
Anaerobe
Reservoir in
nature
Intoxication or
Infection
Spore former?
Species grps
Temp related
feature or
groups
Toxin grps
If any.
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Each week you will submit a Media Journal entry- In the entry- you wil.pdf
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separate entries in your media journal.
Begin each entry with the Week in review and the date you wrote the entry.
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E15-2 Fleishman Corporation issued 5-000 shares of its no-par common s.pdf
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e Messages jGRASP Messages Run I-O Interactions Chapter24_2-java-31- w.pdf
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class of shares.
1. Ms. Sarah Brandt owns 100% of the voting shares of SB Inc. Her common-law partner, Ms.
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2. John Brody owns 65% of the shares of Heresy Inc. His spouse, Jessica Brody, owns 85% of
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Ltd.
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E1-12 Cepeda Corporation has the following cost records for June 2014-.pdf
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Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
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Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
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