The document describes several ancient and traditional Polish games. The Ancient Olympic Games originated in Greece in 776 BC and included running, wrestling, boxing and chariot racing events. Traditional Polish games described include Serso (tossing rings onto sticks), Hide and Seek, Ringo (tossing rings over a net), Zośka footbag, Guma (jumping rubber band game), Hopscotch, Paper Chase, Dodgeball, and Palant (similar to baseball played with sticks and balls).

1. ANCIENT GAMES
and
OLD POLISH GAMES

2. The Ancient Olympic Games
 The Ancient Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of city-
states and one of the Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece. They were held in honor of Zeus, and the
Greeks gave them a mythological origine. The first Olympics is traditionally dated to 776 BC.
 The games were held every four years, or olympiad.
 The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games.
 The games were always held at Olympia. Victors at the Olympics were honored.
 Only free men who spoke Greek were allowed to participate in the Ancient Games of classical times.
 At first, the Olympic Games lasted only one day, but eventually grew to five days.

3. Running events
 The Olympic Games originally contained one event:
the stadion (or "stade") race, a short sprint measuring between 180 and 240 metres,
or the length of the stadium.
 The diaulos, or two-stade race, was introduced in 724 BC, during the 14th Olympic games.
The race was a single lap of the stadium, approximately 400 metres ,
and scholars debate whether or not the runners had individual "turning"
posts for the return leg of the race, or whether all the runners
approached a common post, turned, and then raced back to the starting line.
 A third foot race, the dolichos, was introduced in 720 BC.
The length of the race was 18–24 laps, or about three miles (5 km).
The runners would begin and end their event in the stadium proper,
but the race course would wind its way through the Olympic grounds.
 The last running event added to the Olympic program
was the hoplitodromos, or "Hoplite race", introduced in 520 BC
and traditionally run as the last race of the Olympic Games.
The runners would run either a single or double diaulos
(approximately 400 or 800 yards) in full or partial armour,
carrying a shield and additionally equipped either with greaves or a helmet.
The armour weighed around 27 kg.

4. Additional events
 Over the years, more events were added:
boxing , wrestling in 708 BC and pankration,
a fighting competition combining both elements.
Wrestling was also the final decisive event
in the ancient pentathlon.
 Other events include chariot racing, as well
as a pentathlon consisting of:
wrestling, stadion, long jump, javelin throw,
discus throw (the latter three were not separate events).
In the chariot racing event, it was not the rider, but the owner
of the chariot and team who was considered to be the competitor,
so one owner could win more than one of the top spots.

5. „SERSO”
 Number of players: minimum two.
 Place: park, field.
 Serso (in French Cerceau – circle).
You toss and catch a circular ring onto a stick.
Game derives from ancient Rome,
popular in the 19th and 20th centuries.
It is usually played in couples,
two people stand in front of each other.

6. „The game of HIDE and SEEK”
 Number of players: any number of players
 Place: the environment,
 The game is played by one player chosen (designated as being "it")
closing their eyes and counting to a predetermined number
(such as counting to 10, 20, etc.) while the other players hide.
After reaching the number, the player who is "it" attempts to say,
"Ready or not, here I come!" and then to locate all concealed players.
 The game can end in one of several ways. In the most common
variation of the game, the player chosen as "it" locates all players
as the players are not allowed to move; the player found last
is the winner and is chosen to be "it" in the next game.
Another common variation has the seeker counting at "home base";
the hiders can either remain hidden or they can come out of hiding
to race to home base; once they touch it, they are "safe" and cannot be tagged.
But if the seeker tags another player before reaching home base, that person becomes "it."

7. „RINGO”
 Number of players:
 Place: court with a net.
 Players stand on opposite sides of the net.
Rules: Players are throuing a rubber ring over the net.
The number of rings can be the number of players.
You score a point when the ring hits the floor
on the opponent's side. You can catch the ring
with left or right hand and you have to throw it
with the same hand you caught it with.
With the ring in hand the player can make
only four steps and has to throw it.
When you: touch the ring with some other part of the body than a hand, the ring hits the net
and falls on your side, you throw the ring in an inappropriate way, then you loose a point.

8. „ZOŚKA” FOOTBAG
 Number of players: one or any number
 Place:
A footbag is both a small, round bag,
and the term for the various sports played
with one – characterized by controlling the bag
by using one's feet.
Freestyle footbag is a sport in which the object is to perform tricks with the bag.
In footbag net, players (either playing individually or with a partner) volley a footbag back
and forth over a five-foot-high net.
Circle kicking is the most common game played with a footbag, and is often what people
mean when they use the term "hacky sack". Players stand in a circle and keep the bag
moving around the circle, with the goal of keeping the bag from touching the ground.
There are a variety of terms used by different groups of players to note when the footbag
has been touched by every member of the circle.

9. „GRA W GUMĘ”
 Number of players: at least three
 Place: outdor
 Two persons stay opposite each other and extend the rubber band. There is several
different kind of jumps, from „one” to „ten”.
As the game continued, the level of jumping got higher and higher. There were four
jumping levels: ankle high, knee high, waist high.

10. „HOPSCOTCH” - „GRA W KLASY”
 Number of players: can be played with several players
or alone
 Place: outdoor, gym , playground
 Hopscotch is a popular playground game
in which players toss a small object into numbered spaces
of a pattern of rectangles outlined on the ground and then
hop or jump through the spaces to retrieve the object.
 The first player tosses the marker (typically a stone) into the first square.
The marker must land completely within the designated square and
without touching a line or bouncing out. The player then hops through the course,
skipping the square with the marker in it. Single squares must be hopped on one foot.
For the first single square, either foot may be used. Side by side squares are straddled,
with the left foot landing in the left square, and the right foot landing in the right square.
Optional squares marked "Safe", "Home", or "Rest" are neutral squares, and may be
hopped through in any manner without penalty. After hopping into the "Safe", "Home",
or "Rest" the player must then turn around and return through the course (square 9, then
squares 8 and 7, next square 6 and so forth) on one or two legs depending on the square
until he or she reaches the square with their marker. They then must retrieve their marker
and continue the course as stated without touching a line or stepping into a square with
another player's marker.
 Upon successfully completing the sequence, the player continues the turn by tossing the marker into square number
two, and repeating the pattern.
 If, while hopping through the court in either direction, the player steps on a line, misses a square, or loses balance, the
turn ends. Players begin their turns where they last left off. The first player to complete one course for every numbered
square on the court wins the game.

11. „PAPER CHASE” - „PODCHODY”
 Number of players: any number
 Place: outdoor, best within a wood
 Paper Chase (also known as Hare and Hounds or Chalk Chase)
is a racing game played outdoors. At the start of the game,
one person is designated the 'hare' and everyone else in the
group are the 'hounds'. The 'hare' starts off ahead of everyone
else leaving behind themselves a trail of paper shreds
(or chalk marks in an urban environment) which represents
the scent of the hare. After some designated time, the hounds
must chase after the hare and attempt to catch them before they
reach the ending point of the race. It is generally done over a long
distance, but shorter courses can be set. If the hare makes it to the
finish line, they get to choose the next hare, or to be the hare themselves.
Similarly, the person who catches the hare gets to choose the next hare.

12. „DODGEBALL” - „GRA W DWA OGNIE”
 Number of players: any, the same in both teams
 Field: the game is picked on the best available surface that is usually volleyball court.
 Dodgeball is a game in which players on two teams try to throw balls at each other while avoiding
being hit themselves. When a player has been hit by a dodgeball "on the full" (i.e. without hitting
the floor, any of the walls, or an outside object and rebounding off) and no one catches it before it
becomes dead, that player has been eliminated and must move. The same rule applies if any
number of people try to catch the ball but drop it.
 Once all players on one of teams are eliminated, the game is over.

13. „PALANT ”
 Number of players: the players are divided into two teams of 7 to 15 players
 Field: the playing field is 25 by 60 meters in size
 Palant is a Polish game similar to baseball, played using a wooden stick and rubber balls. In his book "God's Playground” Norman
Davies suggests that the popular US game, baseball, may have developed from Palant played by the first Polish immigrants such as
Jamestown Polish craftsmen.
 You have to draw the "heaven" and "hell" fields.
Reflecting team is trying to maintain as long as possible
to "heaven" field for customs clearance wooden stick and
finish the race. Team being on the "hell" field seeks to
obtain the "heaven". For this purpose, trying to catch
the ball in his hands as soon as possible to reject the heaven,
so as to withhold as many players on the "hell".
The team of "heaven" is set before the line "heaven"
and the team "hell" for the line drawn to pierce the ball.
The duration of the game twice after 20 minutes, you can set
a limit being in "heaven" and "hell." The players located on
the "heaven" bounce the ball behind the line designated
with a wooden stick. Reflection is important when the ball
sailed above the ground or on the ground the center line.
Reflection is invalid when Batsman release the wooden stick
of the hand, himself not toss balls, or he will not hit the ball.
 After contacting the ball by a player in "heaven" pushes
the stick and begins to defeat the base, task players in "hell"
as soon as possible transfer balls to heaven. If a player misses,
not strikes are set to run. For each running a yields one point.
When a team from "hell" catch the ball in one hand directly
during the flight that goes to heaven. Caught in the basket
with both hands) gets one point. These rules can vary and change.

14. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND HAVE FUN!
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z Komisji Europejskiej w ramach Programu "Uczenie się przez całe życie".
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 KE nie odpowiada za wykorzystanie tych informacji w jakikolwiek sposób.
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org