White Australia Research Paper

White Australia Research Paper
History Assessment 800–1000 words
Australia is a diverse and multicultural that allows anyone who needs safety and shelter to come to Australia and feel safe and free. Australia wasn't
always like this there was a time where immigrants could not come into the "Safe Haven". To get away from poverty, war and diseases.
The White Australia Policy was the name of the law that restricted immigrants of non European ethnicity. This law started in 1901 and was
demolished from the 1950s to 1970s. This law also allowed for a dictation test to be giving to all immigrants in any language to make sure no
immigrants of non European background could get into Australia.
1901 was the turning point for Australian immigrants trying to come into Australia. It was during this time that Edmund Barton was trying to have an
all white population. Edmund had gotten the idea for an all white population from R.Dixon. Edmund wanted to have an all white population because he
thought it would be very patriotic to have a British outpost of all white people. Another reason is that Australians thought that the immigrants were
taking their jobs and making Australians go broke from having no work. This law affected the immigrants because they were trying to escape from
their country's problems including: war, poor economy, poor health care and opportunity and Australia is their safe haven. The White Australia Policy
not only denied them access to this safe haven but sent them back to where they would most likely be poor and end up dead...show more content...
Other problems were that Australia's economy was falling because there wasn't enough people working to give the country enough money and it was
all the White Australia Policy fault. Australia realized this and after some really hard thinking decided to abolish this policy and allow all immigrants
into Australia. This then lead to the Populate or Perish
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Contents
_____________________________________________________________________
Part 1
Introduction
What is Race?
What is Ethnicity?
What is Prejudice?
What is Racism?
Part 2
Introducing the 'White Australia' policy
From White Australia to Multiculturalism
Conclusion
References
This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the concepts or race, ethnicity, prejudice and racism are defined and how they are connected is
discussed. Part 2 of the paper looks at the 'White Australia' policy and why it was introduced. The impact of such a racist immigration history on
contemporary Australia is also discussed in terms of attitudes and behaviours of the population....show more content...
What is racism?
When we speak of race, ethnicity and prejudice we are intrinsically linking racism as well. Racism is prejudice taken another step further. In contrast
to prejudice, racism is based on perceived cultural superiority, which is itself based on perceived genetic superiority (McConnochie et al, 1988).
There are two forms of racism: individual and institutional. Individual racism involves one–on–one scenarios where racist attitudes are expressed based
on a particular individuals belief towards another. For example, one person might be of the opinion that all Aboriginal's are dirty, and therefore, be
racist to an Aboriginal when they are walking down the street, at school or work.
Institutional racism on the other hand is far broader in context and more complex. It refers to the ways in which racism has infiltrated into social

institutions which govern, discriminate and oppress various groups within that society based on their race (McConnochie et al, 1988). These
institutions within our societies, such as schools and healthcare services, use racism in a systematic manner which favours one group over all the
others. Although racism as a notion is the same for both individual and institutional purposes, the consequences of the two are vastly different.
Sociologists have argued that in the recent years racism has shifted from excluding groups on a biological basis, to more of a cultural basis of
difference (Giddens, 2001; Van Krieken et al, 2010).

Australia And The White Australia Policy
Australia in terms of immigration, has had a poor history of dealing with people travelling into the country, shown in the beginning of hand picking the
majority of Australia 's population. However as the decades have rolled on, whether it be forced or by choice, Australia has become looser and more
free in access and treatment within the country and importantly, less discriminatory. In order to see these improvements, the start must be shown, in
which is generally summarised by the White Australia Policy.
The White Australia policy introduced as the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901. The policy was about changing Australia 's population so that it
was, like that of Great Britain. The act was passed by the federal government of Australia (Immi.gov.au, 2014). The policy was extremely supported and
applauded by the public, with Prime Minister Hughes in 1919 stating "(this is) the greatest thing we have achieved" (Immi.gov.au, 2014).
The White Australia Policy is one of the most infamous acts passed in Australian history. It discriminated against countless of different races. The
policy was created with the purpose to recreate the image of a 'White Australia'. This was the old approach taken by the Australian government to select
immigrants from the white countries like the United Kingdom and stop the entry of immigrants not from white countries. Australia was following the
example set by Great Britain, as shown in a statement made by W.G. Spence "If we keep the race pure,

Australian Assimilation Policy
The conservation, assimilation and self–determination policies had a compelling significance on the changing freedoms and rights for all the
Indigenous Australian's. The Assimilation policy was introduced in the 1950's, and was the very beginning of the integration of Indigenous Australians,
and partially others around as well. The Stolen Generations sustained, but missions and reserves were reasonably shut down and the Aboriginals were
authorized to move to cities and towns, as long as they gave up on their religious beliefs and their culture. However, most of the people around would
not want to employ or house any Aboriginals, so they were forced to live on the outskirts as "Fringe dwellers" meaning they camp out of Australian
towns and cities, the ones which have become quite excluded. This administration caused the Aboriginals to live in poverty, and become the victims of
on–going discrimination....show more content...
Integration meant that many other Indigenous people still kept their spiritual beliefs, and their cultures, but whereas others lived in cruel poverty, with
not belonging to either sort of race. Ultimately, the policy was transfigured which allowed Aboriginals to live without such harsh sets of control. The
integration policy also imposed the denouement of The Stolen Generation. This essentially gave the Aboriginals the fortitude to assert with many
organisations being introduced to personally help the Aboriginals. The Freedom of the rides was brought up and formed by Charles Perkins, and was
basically a world bus tour of western NSW towns, exposing inequalities and racism. The 1967 referendum also greatly transformed the rights and
freedoms, as Aboriginals were contained in the enumeration. Furthermore, it drastically changed Australia's sentiment towards racism, because of the
leverage from the media, which eventually started a climactic social change in

White Australia Policy Essay
General Overview
Introduction
Australia...The Lucky Country, or so they thought. This act was racial, Australia were trying to create a white utopia, a paradox forged against the
odds. Modern Australia is a multicultural Country, however, this wasn't the plan, over 100 years ago, an act was put into place to create a White
society. This was infuriating for the non– white and non – Europeans. This was called the Immigration Restriction act which is now known as the
White Australian Policy (WAP). This changed therace of Australia's face. In modern day Australia over 22 million people now live in this beautiful
Country that has an equal society.
Aboriginals And British Settlers
The Aboriginals were thought to have arrived in Australia about 40,000...show more content...
In 1901 the Pacific Islanders act and the Immigration Restriction act (White Australia Policy) (WAP) were forced into a reality. The Chinese were
working cheap labour and the Europeans were annoyed and they couldn't find work. In 1903 the Dictation test was put into place as an opportunity
for everyone to come into Australia, however, these tests were more often given in languages some people didn't know existed and this showed
because only 46 people passed out of the 805 tests given. The migrants who were rejected were either refused entry or deported. Because of WW1 the
Enemy Aliens act was started up so Germans would be separate from the Australians so they wouldn't fight. Germans were either refused entry or put
into a concentration

"Australia is not, and never has been, the racist country its academic historians have condemned"
Critically analyse 'the white Australia policy' relating it to the quote provided
In 1901, Edmund Barton the prime minster at time decided to introduce the Immigration Restriction Act left Australia banning prostitutes, criminals,
and anyone under a contract or agreement to perform manual labour within Australia which seems that Edmund Barton was doing his job and kept
Australia safe but he was not. This is because, he did not stop there, he introduced a dictation test to exclude certain people by making them sit a
written exam that they need to pass to be welcome in Australia voted by an immigration officer and majority of the non–white people was given the
answer no you are not welcome here. Many of prime ministers were involved in this as it ended in 1973. The quote "Australia is not, and never has
been, the racist country its academic historians have been condemned "is most certainly incorrect between the years 1901 to 1973 as the majority of
people were not allowed to enter Australia if they were non– white people. The reasons proving that Australia was indeed a racist country include the
reasons why the white Australia policy was introduced, immigration and the way other countries saw Australia.
The reasons why the white Australia policy was introduced is why Australia was awfully racist. Although numerous people were gratified to be
Australians and thought it was a

White Australia Policy And The Cronulla Riots
I n t h e p a s t , Australia has participated in substantial events, poised against other ethnicities, but as Australia's identity emerges, we discover just
how far we've come since the White Australia Policy and the Cronulla Riots. However, under closer inspection, we discover the real truth, and that is
that we truly haven't moved forward at all, and that realistically we put up the facade of being a multicultural country, but once that mask is removed,
Australia is just the same as it was all those many years ago. The White Australia Policy, implemented in 1901, was the governmental action that saw
any non–white or non–christian Australians or refugees denied permission to stay in the country if unable to pass rigged dictation test.

White Australia Policy
The 'White Australia' Policy
Task 2 – research activity
1.What were some of the origins of the White Australia Policy?
The white Australia policy was one of the first acts passed by the parliament in Australia, and called the Immigration Restriction Registration Act 1901.
This aimed to rid Australia of 'non–white' migrants by restricting entry to the country, and deporting those of 'undesirable migrants.'
The origins of the white Australia policy can be traced back to the 1950's when white miners showed resentment towards Chinese diggers which ended
in violence at Lambing Flat (New South Wales) and Buckland River (Victoria). The governments then blamed the Chinese, and placed restrictions on
any Chinese migration. Even before this time,...show more content...
Families were torn apart, jobs lost, many wives and children were sent away, and the population dropped. The people that this affected the most were
the Asians, and the Kanakas. The Australian population at that time had a vast number of Asians, many of which had migrated for the several gold
rushes. When this act was passed, those that had been born in Australia could stay, but those that hadn't (such as most wives) had to go. In many cases,
the children went with their mothers back to their homeland. The kanakas were indentured labourers from the South Sea Islands of the Pacific, who
were basically kidnapped to come to Australia and work on the sugar plantations, but after this act was passed, many were forced to

White Australia's Multicultural Policy Analysis
"Social justice is what faces you in the morning. It is awakening in a house with adequate water supply, cooking facilities and sanitation. It is the ability
to nourish your children and send them to school where their education not only equips them for employment but reinforces their knowledge and
understanding of their cultural inheritance. It is the prospect of genuine employment and good health: a life of choices and opportunity, free from
discrimination" (Dodson, 1993).
This essay will discuss Australia's multicultural policy. It will critically examine the key issues of Australia's multicultural policy such as limiting
racism and aiming for social justice by accepting everyone into Australia. The international federation of library...show more content...
The 'White Australia policy' is a term commonly used to refer to the collection of Federal, State and Territory immigration policies for excluding
non–white people from immigrating to Australia from the late 1880s through to the 1970s. The White Australia policy was applied progressively less
strictly following the Second World War. The number of non
–European settler arrivals, for example, nearly quadrupled between 1966 and 1971. The
White Australia policy was finally dismantled by the Whitlam Government in 1973. Multiculturalism emerged at this time as a means of responding
both to this new form of culturally diverse migration and to the phenomenon of post–war mass migration in general. During the 1940s and 50s in
Australia, 'assimilation' was the dominant approach to newly arrived migrants, followed, in the 1960s, by 'integration'. During the assimilation period it
was thought that newly arrived migrants ought to attempt to blend into mainstream society as much and as quickly as possible, removing the traces of
their former identities to become like other Australians. Integration policies, which were developed with a greater awareness of the lived realities of
migration, saw the maintenance by migrants of links to their past cultures and nationalities as less threatening and not incompatible with the aims of
integration. 'Multiculturalism' supplanted both of these terms during the 1970s, carrying with it an emphasis on the virtues of tolerance and respect for
other cultures and the value and necessity of recognizing difference and diversity (Australian collaboration,

Social Issues In Australia Essay
It has been proposed that Australians are responsible in making Australia an 'Asia literate society' by developing 'understanding of Asian history,
cultures, geography and economics' (March, 1995). ACARA (n.d.) states that the objective of Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia is to develop
students understanding on Asian society and culture by integrating Asian aspects with Australian curriculum.
Australia and Europe are making an effort to improve the Asia literacy. For example, David Miliband (2008) who is the British Foreign Secretary,
pointed out the economic shifting from west to east accompany the integration of China and India into the world economy (as cited in Harvey, 2011).
The shifting that prompts economic interaction between...show more content...
For example, Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, National statement on Asia Literacy in Australian Schools and
Australia in the Asian Century White Paper claim the transformation of the Asian region into the economic central and the sustained actions that both
schools and students should undertake (Ministerial Council on Educaion, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, 2008; Asia Education Foundation
[AEF], 2011; Australian Government, 2012). Back to last century, the trend of Asia being economic central and the essential need of 'the study of Asia
and its language for national survival in an intensely competitive world' have been acknowledged by Asian Studies Council (1988). In 2006, National
Statement for Engaging Young Australians with Asia in Australian Schools draws elements that Australian students are required for developing the
understanding in Asian countries, in which both schools and parents play a key role (Department of Education, Science and Training). Furthermore,
AEF (n.d.) provides numerous school programmes, curriculum resources and networks to support the achievement of Asia literacy for all students in
Australian schools. Generally speaking, Australian government commissioned the policies to plan and shape the national future relationship with
Asian countries through encouraging

Australia is the only country in the world that covers an entire continent; It is a developed capitalist country; it is a multicultural immigrant country.
According to Cambridge dictionary (n.d.), immigration means that the act of someone coming to live in a different country. Today's modern, urbanized
and affluent Australia is due to continued immigration (Jupp, 2002). However, the history of immigrants in Australia is not smooth sailing. On January
1, 1901, several British colonies on the Australian continent formed the Commonwealth of Australia belongs to the United Kingdom. In the same year,
the White Australia policy became the basic national policy of Australia, that means only white immigrants could become the Australian Citizenship
...show more content...
On the other hand, immigrants also bring a lot of negative effects. Australia is more affected by immigrants than most countries because half of
Australia's population is immigrant or immigrant children (Hugo, 2014). According to Cambridge dictionary (n.d.), multicultural means that including
people who have many different customs and beliefs. Australia's cultural diversity is also the embodiment of Australia's national strength. The objects
and stories of the immigration can regard as an important part of the Australian national heritage (Henrich, 2013). However, the problem of the
multicultural is the differences between different nations and cultures. In the multicultural country, the racial discrimination is most likely to

White Australia By Henry Lawson Analysis
Within every piece of text is an underlying meaning or personal statement of opinion that each author wishes to express. In the poem "white australia"
by there is very much the presence of protest against the way aboriginals were treated and their struggles during the time of white settlement in
australia, and also the protest against any race discrimination. "Success" by henry lawson is a poem about the triumph and achievement perceived within
australian society about winning war but also highlights the devastation and cost it brought within soldier's lives, insidiously affecting society as a
whole. Throughout both selected texts there are techniques and features that help convey a message about australian society and the achievement and
struggle that many have faced and still face today, shaping our national identity....show more content...
Even though society is far more accepting and non discriminatory today there are still people within society that alienate people of a different race than
themselves, making this poem still relevant, and helping us see different aspects of australia's history and the lives that some people still live.
The poem "Success" represents aspects of our society and our nation's identity as it is about one of the most horrific periods in australia's history
which we as a society commemorate and remember every year on anzac day. The triumph perceived within society of winning war in the poem is
great and joyful, yet for the victims and the soldiers of war it is a different story.
Using a flowing rhythm and an end rhyme every line, lawson has made this poem interesting and engaging for the reader, whilst still encapsulating the
essence of a society at war and the struggle that many men faced at war and the aftermath of

The immigration policy of Australia has been in a constant state of flux ever since Federation in 1901, when the first legislative piece, the Immigration
Restriction Act, was introduced. The Immigration Restriction Act has become infamous in Australian history and throughout the world, more
nefariously as the 'White Australia Policy'. The White Australia Policy was Australia's seemingly indestructible way of ensuring a White Australia.
However, the immigration of European refugees after World War II, which aimed to defend the nation from Japanese invasion, challenged this policy.
From 1901, Australia held a strong belief that coloured people, specifically Asians, were inferior and detrimental to the Australian way of life, and did
all in it's...show more content...
With the initial announcement of the plan to allow non–English Europeans into Australia, a lot of criticism fell onto Calwell. One such criticism is in
the cartoon 'The Pied Piper' which was published in The Bulletin in 1947. It depicts Arthur Calwell, who is identified by his glasses and comic
caricature, as the Pied Piper, who is playing to the people walking off a ship down stairs labelled 'Imports'. The people arriving off the ship are
wearing the stereotypical garb associated with the Jewish race, therefore representing the European displaced persons from World War II. The Pied
Piper playing to these people symbolises that these 'imports' were not desirable for Australia, as it is known that the Pied Piper plays for rats. These
criticisms meant that Calwell has to be meticulous in ensuring that Australia would increase its population whilst conservatively changing the beliefs
and attitudes that the majority of Australians held towards such migrants. As seen in a photograph of the first "Happy Settlers from the Baltic" that
graced the front cover of Australia national tabloid, The Age, in December 1947, Calwell and the Australian Government were careful in selecting
mainly young, beautiful and white migrants to initially 'sell' the idea of immigration to the Australian public. Analysis of another primary source,
sourced in Arthur Calwell's Autobiography, 'Be Just an Fear Not' published in 1972, suggests this to be

The White Australia Policy
Today Australia is known as a multicultural country who allows people from all over the world to migrate to Australia. People are definitely not
allowed to our country only because of what religion or language they speak, and definitely not based on skin color. Well this was not the case 45
years ago. 45 years ago was when the government stopped the non European immigration policy, which better known as the White Australia Policy. It
started in 1901 and ended in 1975. The policy lasted for 75 years. The White Australia policy was not a single government directive, but a series of
acts with a common goal, to achieve and maintain a white, British national character. When the policy ended it was a very big turning point in the
country because

Australia's history has shown a "White Australia" policy from as early as 1850. It began with competition in the goldfields between immigrant Chinese
and the British miners caused a severe amount of tension. Eventually turning into riots (Buckland Riot in 1857 and the Lambing Flat Riots in 1860 and
1861) Victoria and New South Wales put restrictions on Chineseimmigration as well as residency taxes. This has been described as the earliest sign of
the White Australia policy. Under the Barton Government, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 was put into place. This put intense restrictions on
non–European immigrants in the form of a dictation test. The 50–word dictation test was designed to be nearly impossible to pass, giving immigration

Good day class and sir. On the 26th of January 1788 14 English ships carrying convicts and soldiers arrived in Australia. Upon arrival captain Arthur
Phillip planned to live with the indigenous people in harmony. Soon that changed, when the indigenous were being killed by British convicts that
disliked them. The Aboriginals were thought as backward, unproductive and an obstacle to development. The reason forcolonialism is for; Intellectual,
Religious, Economic and political reasons. The British came for economic power. Today I will be focusing on four main topics; what is the white
Australia policy, why was it made, the social, economic and cultural impacts of the white Australia policy and the impact it had on the Chinese
community.
The White...show more content...
The source is about the problems Chinese will bring if they are allowed into Australia. In the source the Europeans are suffering from what is said on
the same tentacle that is grabbing the. The source show an octopus with a human head, the head has squinty eyes and buck teeth representing a Chinese
man. The message the author is trying to present is that if he Chinese are allowed into Australia than the problems happening in the cartoon will also
happen in real life. This source represents the dominant view on Australian society and is therefore an effective source.The white Australia policy had a
big impact on the cultural, social and economic aspects of Australia. The gold rushes changed Australia economically. The gold mined, brought great
wealth to immigrant and white miners but these also brought social tensions between the two communities. The social tension would have been mostly
removed with the introduction of the white Australia policy and the removal of most Chinese and non–European immigrants. The introduction of the
white Australia policy also brought a decline in Australia's economy, as the removal of non
–European labourers brought a decline in production which
in turn made the economy drop. The non–European

White Australian Policy Essay
Introduction
The White Australian policy was Australia's solution to prevent immigrants migrating into the country's colonies. The law was enforced so that the
Chinese, Africans, and all non–European were not allowed to enter the country, these were the factors that led to the law. The white Australian policy
was actually called 'Immigration restriction act'. Australia's plan all along was to stay as a white only country that was run under British customs. The
White Australian policy also excluded prostitutes and criminals.
The Context
The White Australian policy unofficially started in the 1850's in the gold mines in violence against the Chinese. The start of the official White
Australian policy was brought in under the new federal Australian government. The 'Immigration restriction act' obtained royal agreement on the 23rd
of December 1901. The colonies governments were extremely concerned about the arrival of Chinese migrations, and were discussing a way to prevent
the Chinese entrance into Australia. The governments discussed the problems at the Intercolonial conferences of 1880, 1888, and 1896. Up until the
...show more content...
The pacific islanders (Kanakas) were a key objective, the Kanaks worked for cheap wages in near–slavery environments. They worked in Queensland
sugar–cane fields. The White Australian policy ended the employment of all of the Pacific islanders and placed tight controls on certain immigrants. In
the gold mines, the whites offence towards chinses diggers, which led to violent brawls. New South Wales and Victoria then introduced restrictions on
Chinese immigrants. But this only made them find other ways to smuggle themselves onto the Australian shores. The White Australian policy was
presented to restrict the immigrants entering the country. But was mainly introduced for the removal of any forbidden immigrants and any

White Australian Immigration Analysis
For so long, Australia has had a reputation knee–deep in racial discrimination and hostility. 'The White Australia policy' and 'the Dictation Test' are two
of many causes to the negative misshape of how the world now sees the Australian nation. Not until after world war two had Australia begun distancing
itself from the White Australia Policy and the discriminatory stain it had brought upon itself. This eradication point was formed from the 'populate or
perish' policy which grew effect between 1949 and 1978. Today, Australia is both rich in culture and diverse in nationality with over 200,000
immigrants arriving every year. (L.Wilson, 2011.) So why has Australia drawn the attention of hopeful immigrants around the world with such a harsh
past...show more content...
Law, justice, equality and rights, conflict and prosecution– this all causes political migration. Nearly 20,000 political migrants arrive in Australia each
year otherwise known as refugees. (T.Wills, 2013.) Refugees face political prosecution in their country, conflict, war, violence and are forced to
migrate in order to provide safety for themselves and their family. 35 year old Najeeba arrived in Australia by boat as a young girl. Whilst living
with her parents in Afghanistan, she witnessed the death of her friends and family around her at the hands of the Taliban and was threatened to have
the same fate. "...Once we knew that our lives were in danger and there was no way we could survive in Afghanistan, we had to leave; go somewhere
where we would be at peace and have security..." Najeeba and her parents chose Australia for their fresh beginning in believing that Australia had a
more defined line on human rights than that of their home country. Similarly, according to ongoing investigation by the Refugee Council, other
refugees have similar motives for choosing Australia specifically. For some, Australia is stronger in laws and safer for their family's wellbeing, and for
others, Australia is just the nearest

The White Australia's White Australian Policy
White Australian Policy
The White Australia Policy is a significant event in Australia. This event is not nessacerialy one Australians should be proud of but did help Australia
become a better place and helped Australia become what it is today. The White Australian policy affected many non
–Europeans seeking safety. The
White Australian policy is known to go on for 25 years until in 1966 Prime Minister set a Migration Act.
What was the White Australian Policy?
After The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 was one of the first Acts passed by the Australian Parliament after Federation in 1901. The new law
provided strict control over who could migrate to Australia. The White Australian Policy was not a single government proclamation but in fact

White Australia Research Paper

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