13. Motivation is “a process whereby a
goal-directed activity is instigated
and sustained”
Schunk, Pintrich & Meece, 2008
14. What is Motivation?
Motivation is the force that energizes a learner to
do what s/he is expected to do. It is an activation to
action. A learner’s level of motivation is reflected in
his choice of action, and in the intensity and
persistence of his/her effort.
15. A highly motivated learner accomplishes and
performs well in contrast to an unmotivated or a
poorly motivated one who seems not to have any
desire to accomplish things or perform well. That
force can be intensified by factors outside a learner
(extrinsic) or factors inside him/her or by the
activity itself (intrinsic).
16. Indicators of a High Level of Motivation
Students who are motivated have the following
characteristics (Stipek, 1996, 2002 cited by
Wooltook, 2013):
• Have positive attitudes towards school and
describe school as satisfying.
• Persist on difficult tasks and cause few
management problems.
• Process information in depth and excel in
classroom learning expertise.
18. Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivational factors include rewards,
incentives, praises or words of encouragements,
approval of significant others like teachers,
parents, peer group or their opposites – fear of
punishment, withdrawal of privileges, censure, and
ostracism.
19. Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation is shown in the enjoyment of
the activity itself and the inner conviction of the
learner that such things are the right things to do
in order to realize a personal goal or a life dream.
Intrinsic motivation yields more advantages than
extrinsic motivation
20. Role of Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation plays an indispensable
function when a learner is not yet intrinsically
motivated to learn. For optimum learning, this
extrinsic motivation, however, must gradually take
the back seat as intrinsic motivation comes to the
fore.
22. 1. You are offered two roles in the school play.
Which one wold you choose?
A. The lead role that is glamorous and gets you a
lot of attention.
B. Another part that is less glamorous but lets
you use more of your acting skills?
23. 2. You are offered two jobs. Which one will you
choose?
A. The one that pays the most.
B. The one that you would really love doing eve
though the pay is not very good.
24. 3. You are choosing between two classes. Which
one will you sign up for?
A. The easier one.
B. The more interesting, the more challenging
one.
25. 4. You must read at least one book this semester.
Which will you choose?
A. One book from the list the teacher has given
you.
B. Five books of your own choosing that are not
as long.
26. 5. Two people have invited you in. Which will you
choose?
A. The person who is most fashionable to be seen
with.
B. The much more interesting but less popular
person?
27. 6. Which do you feel you learned more from?
A. Studying for class so you can get high grades.
B. Studying for class because you are interested
on it.
28. 7. Which feels better to you?
A. Cleaning your room so you can get your
allowance?
B. Cleaning your room because you want to.
29. 8. In general, which is more important to your
decision-making?
A. Appearances
B. Meaning
30. 9. In deciding between two sports, which will you
choose?
A. The one that give trophies to the player at the
end of the season
B. The one that’s most fun
31. 10. In general, what are you more interested in?
A. Quantity
B. Quality
32. SCORE
Add the total number for the same letter of your
answer.
Total A’s: ___________
Total B’s: __________
33. If you scored eight or more A’s, you respond best
to external motivations. You care a lot about what
people think of you.
If you scored eight or more B’s, you respond to
internal motivations. You care more about your
own opinion of yourself that what others think of
you.
Amazon.
The Amazon is considered the world's largest river by volume, but scientists have believed it is slightly shorter than Africa's Nile. The Brazilian scientists' 14-day expedition extended the Amazon's length by about 176 miles (284 kilometers), making it 65 miles (105 kilometers) longer than the Nile