Education

1. PHILIPPINE
POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
FEBRUARY 18, 2022

3. LIFE PERFORMANCE OUTCOME
I am a credible, responsive
communicator and team
player, building harmonious
community through active
collaboration.

4. ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE OUTCOME
Willingly share responsibilities
and participate actively in
fostering group collegiality,
cohesion and effectiveness.

5. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME
Willingly share responsibilities in
assessing the effects of the
colonial experience of the country
in its present politics and
governance.

6. LESSON 6
POLITICS IN THE PRE-SPANISH
TO SPANISH PERIOD

7. “Leadership is not about
titles, positions, or
flowcharts. It is about one
life influencing another.”
- John C. Maxwell

8. TWO MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
PHILIPPINE POLITICS
• First, there was no politics in the
Philippines prior to the colonization.
• By definition of politics, whenever a
group is formed and leaders are
chosen, there is already a play of
power even without the group being
aware of such concept.

9. TWO MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
PHILIPPINE POLITICS
• There are accounts or records
that prove the existence of
politics in the Philippines prior to
the colonization period.

10. TWO MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
PHILIPPINE POLITICS
• Second, every issue or problem we
have in politics and governance was
caused by colonization.
• This is not true since a lot of politics
and concerns we have to this day
can be traced back even before
colonization.

11. TEST YOUR STOCK KNOWLEDGE
• There are tow main concepts or
processes that the Spaniards used in
conquering and ruling the natives of
this archipelago: divide et impera
and reduccion. Explain each
concept.

12. https://youtu.be/SVSGMrOgCRA
Politics in the Pre-Colonial Period
• Politics during the pre-colonial
Philippines was as diverse as the
heterogenous cultural character
of the country and by extension,
the region of the Southeast Asia.
https://youtu.be/SVSGMrOgCRA

13. Politics in the Pre-Colonial Period
• Scott (1979) was able to identify
four types of Filipino unhispanized
societies in the country that were
able to preserve to some extent
their traditional political systems.

14. Classless Societies
• Communities that are so small
that they do not have the
need to elect a leader.

15. Classless Societies
• The need for a leader
only comes with the
facilitation of hunting,
but every expedition,
the appointed leader
loses his power.

16. Warrior Societies
• Have a defined warrior class
who are also appointed
leaders for legislation, inter-
ethnic relations, and judicial
matters.

17. Warrior Societies
• These communities are
relatively larger than the
first and have more or
less hostile relations with
other groups, thus the
need for the warrior
class.

18. Petty Plutocracies
• There is a clear division of
economic class.
• The ruler of such communities
comes from the privileged class,
though being a ruler means
having proven oneself to be of
service to the community.

19. Principalities
• There is a clear class of leaders
through the datus or sultans.
• These communities follow the
political organization that was
brought by Islam and is the strongest
and most organized political entity in
Philippine pre-colonial history.
https://youtu.be/vnNo0mVzeBA

20. Politics in the Pre-Colonial Period
• From Scott’s research, we are
able to see that pre-colonial
politics was molded by
community needs and the
external influences of the Muslims
and the Indian traders and
settlers in the country.

21. POLITICS IN COLONIAL PERIOD
• During the colonial period, the areas
and groups in the Philippines that the
Spaniards were able to occupy and
influence have experienced a
radical change in politics and
governance.

22. POLITICS IN THE COLONIAL
PERIOD
https://youtu.be/LA0OnIFMrLc

23. POLITICS IN COLONIAL PERIOD
• During the colonial period, the areas
and groups in the Philippines that the
Spaniards were able to occupy and
influence have experienced a
radical change in politics and
governance.

24. POLITICS IN COLONIAL PERIOD
• Indigenous political systems in
hispanized areas were removed
and replaced by the colonial
form of government for easier
management.

25. POLITICS IN COLONIAL PERIOD
• Hispanized areas in the
Philippines became tied to the
government in Spain with the
king as head, followed by
viceroy in Latin America.

26. POLITICS IN COLONIAL PERIOD
• Communities were
arranged to the reduccion
policy that centralized
settlements around colonial
institutions, such as the
church and municipal halls.
https://youtu.be/9YPYmoKdHws

27. POLITICS IN COLONIAL PERIOD
• The governor general became the
head of the colony, followed by the
alcaldes and corregimientos,
gobernadorcillos, and cabeza de
barangays.

28. SELF-DIRECTED ACTIVITY
• Answer Analysis Guide on page 38.