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Rob Woudenberg
A BiTTof Flux tuning simulation
Results based on an AC model based on
M45 laminated steel
Rob Woudenberg
Flux tuning
04/12/2010
Confidential
2
 Basic FEMM model used is 5.5 x 5.5 x 3.3
cm:
Rob Woudenberg
Applied Input / output signals
 FEMM input parameters can only be current
 Primary current phase (red curve)is fixed
 Secondary current phase (blue curve) is changed from 0 to
359 degrees in steps of one degree to find unique situations
 Applied current values: 0.2 – 1.2 Amps
04/12/2010
Confidential
3
Rob Woudenberg
Cop vs phase findings (1)
04/12/2010
Confidential
4
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1
8
4
1
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1
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0
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0
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0
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0
0
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8
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1
6
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0
3
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2
8
3
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2
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3
6
3
4
0
3
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4
3
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8
3
5
2
3
5
6
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
t
o
t
a
l
W
a
t
t
Primarypower
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.05
1.075
1.1
1.2
Rob Woudenberg
Cop vs phase (2)
04/12/2010
Confidential
5
 At low currents two COP peaks occur over the 180 – 359
range
 The lower the current the wider the COP peaks are apart
 At higher currents the two COP peaks merge at around 270
degrees
 Further fine tuning on current value will give one COP >>
100000 at 270 degrees @ I=1.075 A in this simulation
≈
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
1
8
0
1
8
4
1
8
8
1
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1
9
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2
0
0
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1
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1
6
2
2
0
2
2
4
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8
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3
6
2
4
0
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8
2
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2
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2
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2
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6
2
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0
2
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8
2
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2
2
9
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3
0
0
3
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3
0
8
3
1
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3
1
6
3
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0
3
2
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8
3
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3
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6
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0
3
4
4
3
4
8
3
5
2
3
5
6
3
6
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1
1 .0 5
1 .0 7 5
1 .1
1 .2
Rob Woudenberg
Power factor vs phase
04/12/2010
Confidential
6
 Power factor obtains it’s minimum around the 270 phase
difference area
 Power factor can be positive or negative
 PF = 0 270 degrees @ I=1.075 A in this simulation
≈
Rob Woudenberg
Secondary Voltage vs current phase
 Load is aimed to be pure resistant.
 Phase between V and I of secondary coils is 0 degrees at
270 degrees @ I=1.075 A in this simulation
04/12/2010
Confidential
7
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1
8
4
1
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1
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0
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0
0
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0
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1
6
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0
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8
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0
3
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3
5
2
3
5
6
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.05
1.075
1.1
1.2
Rob Woudenberg
Real Power overview (1)
 Real input power:
04/12/2010
Confidential
8
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
8
4
1
8
8
1
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2
1
9
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0
0
2
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1
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0
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2
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2
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0
2
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2
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0
0
3
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0
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6
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0
3
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0
3
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5
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3
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P
r
i
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a
r
y
t
o
t
a
l
W
a
t
t
Primarypower
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.05
1.075
1.1
1.2
Rob Woudenberg
ReaL Power overview (2)
 Real output power:
04/12/2010
Confidential
9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
8
4
1
8
8
1
9
2
1
9
6
2
0
0
2
0
4
2
0
8
2
1
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1
6
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0
2
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5
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2
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0
2
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2
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0
2
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2
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2
9
6
3
0
0
3
0
4
3
0
8
3
1
2
3
1
6
3
2
0
3
2
4
3
2
8
3
3
2
3
3
6
3
4
0
3
4
4
3
4
8
3
5
2
3
5
6
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
t
o
t
a
l
W
a
t
t
Secondary power
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.05
1.075
1.1
1.2
Rob Woudenberg
General observations and conclusions
 Unique COP values appear at various input output current phase differences
 Some of these COP situations can never happen because of impossible load impedance causing
phase differences > 90 degrees
 At 270 degrees input / output phase difference COP > 1 situations occur where voltage
and current phase differences of the secondary coils are zero. This is corresponding a
pure resistive load
 The 270 degrees point can be explained as follows:
 Polarity of Iin and Iout definitions are 180 degrees different in the circuit model
 The additional 90 degrees is cause by the transition of signals from primary to secondary:
 Ip→p Vs Is ,current to flux to voltage to current.
→ →
 The voltage to current occurs in an induction that causes 90 degrees phase difference
04/12/2010
Confidential
10
BiTT
Iin Iout

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4 of 7 PHILIPS - A BiTT of explanation_flux_details 1.pdf

  • 1. Rob Woudenberg A BiTTof Flux tuning simulation Results based on an AC model based on M45 laminated steel
  • 2. Rob Woudenberg Flux tuning 04/12/2010 Confidential 2  Basic FEMM model used is 5.5 x 5.5 x 3.3 cm:
  • 3. Rob Woudenberg Applied Input / output signals  FEMM input parameters can only be current  Primary current phase (red curve)is fixed  Secondary current phase (blue curve) is changed from 0 to 359 degrees in steps of one degree to find unique situations  Applied current values: 0.2 – 1.2 Amps 04/12/2010 Confidential 3
  • 4. Rob Woudenberg Cop vs phase findings (1) 04/12/2010 Confidential 4 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1 8 4 1 8 8 1 9 2 1 9 6 2 0 0 2 0 4 2 0 8 2 1 2 2 1 6 2 2 0 2 2 4 2 2 8 2 3 2 2 3 6 2 4 0 2 4 4 2 4 8 2 5 2 2 5 6 2 6 0 2 6 4 2 6 8 2 7 2 2 7 6 2 8 0 2 8 4 2 8 8 2 9 2 2 9 6 3 0 0 3 0 4 3 0 8 3 1 2 3 1 6 3 2 0 3 2 4 3 2 8 3 3 2 3 3 6 3 4 0 3 4 4 3 4 8 3 5 2 3 5 6 P r i m a r y t o t a l W a t t Primarypower 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.05 1.075 1.1 1.2
  • 5. Rob Woudenberg Cop vs phase (2) 04/12/2010 Confidential 5  At low currents two COP peaks occur over the 180 – 359 range  The lower the current the wider the COP peaks are apart  At higher currents the two COP peaks merge at around 270 degrees  Further fine tuning on current value will give one COP >> 100000 at 270 degrees @ I=1.075 A in this simulation ≈ 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 1 8 0 1 8 4 1 8 8 1 9 2 1 9 6 2 0 0 2 0 4 2 0 8 2 1 2 2 1 6 2 2 0 2 2 4 2 2 8 2 3 2 2 3 6 2 4 0 2 4 4 2 4 8 2 5 2 2 5 6 2 6 0 2 6 4 2 6 8 2 7 2 2 7 6 2 8 0 2 8 4 2 8 8 2 9 2 2 9 6 3 0 0 3 0 4 3 0 8 3 1 2 3 1 6 3 2 0 3 2 4 3 2 8 3 3 2 3 3 6 3 4 0 3 4 4 3 4 8 3 5 2 3 5 6 3 6 0 0 .2 0 .4 0 .6 0 .8 1 1 .0 5 1 .0 7 5 1 .1 1 .2
  • 6. Rob Woudenberg Power factor vs phase 04/12/2010 Confidential 6  Power factor obtains it’s minimum around the 270 phase difference area  Power factor can be positive or negative  PF = 0 270 degrees @ I=1.075 A in this simulation ≈
  • 7. Rob Woudenberg Secondary Voltage vs current phase  Load is aimed to be pure resistant.  Phase between V and I of secondary coils is 0 degrees at 270 degrees @ I=1.075 A in this simulation 04/12/2010 Confidential 7 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 8 4 1 8 8 1 9 2 1 9 6 2 0 0 2 0 4 2 0 8 2 1 2 2 1 6 2 2 0 2 2 4 2 2 8 2 3 2 2 3 6 2 4 0 2 4 4 2 4 8 2 5 2 2 5 6 2 6 0 2 6 4 2 6 8 2 7 2 2 7 6 2 8 0 2 8 4 2 8 8 2 9 2 2 9 6 3 0 0 3 0 4 3 0 8 3 1 2 3 1 6 3 2 0 3 2 4 3 2 8 3 3 2 3 3 6 3 4 0 3 4 4 3 4 8 3 5 2 3 5 6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.05 1.075 1.1 1.2
  • 8. Rob Woudenberg Real Power overview (1)  Real input power: 04/12/2010 Confidential 8 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 8 4 1 8 8 1 9 2 1 9 6 2 0 0 2 0 4 2 0 8 2 1 2 2 1 6 2 2 0 2 2 4 2 2 8 2 3 2 2 3 6 2 4 0 2 4 4 2 4 8 2 5 2 2 5 6 2 6 0 2 6 4 2 6 8 2 7 2 2 7 6 2 8 0 2 8 4 2 8 8 2 9 2 2 9 6 3 0 0 3 0 4 3 0 8 3 1 2 3 1 6 3 2 0 3 2 4 3 2 8 3 3 2 3 3 6 3 4 0 3 4 4 3 4 8 3 5 2 3 5 6 P r i m a r y t o t a l W a t t Primarypower 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.05 1.075 1.1 1.2
  • 9. Rob Woudenberg ReaL Power overview (2)  Real output power: 04/12/2010 Confidential 9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 8 4 1 8 8 1 9 2 1 9 6 2 0 0 2 0 4 2 0 8 2 1 2 2 1 6 2 2 0 2 2 4 2 2 8 2 3 2 2 3 6 2 4 0 2 4 4 2 4 8 2 5 2 2 5 6 2 6 0 2 6 4 2 6 8 2 7 2 2 7 6 2 8 0 2 8 4 2 8 8 2 9 2 2 9 6 3 0 0 3 0 4 3 0 8 3 1 2 3 1 6 3 2 0 3 2 4 3 2 8 3 3 2 3 3 6 3 4 0 3 4 4 3 4 8 3 5 2 3 5 6 S e c o n d a r y t o t a l W a t t Secondary power 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.05 1.075 1.1 1.2
  • 10. Rob Woudenberg General observations and conclusions  Unique COP values appear at various input output current phase differences  Some of these COP situations can never happen because of impossible load impedance causing phase differences > 90 degrees  At 270 degrees input / output phase difference COP > 1 situations occur where voltage and current phase differences of the secondary coils are zero. This is corresponding a pure resistive load  The 270 degrees point can be explained as follows:  Polarity of Iin and Iout definitions are 180 degrees different in the circuit model  The additional 90 degrees is cause by the transition of signals from primary to secondary:  Ip→p Vs Is ,current to flux to voltage to current. → →  The voltage to current occurs in an induction that causes 90 degrees phase difference 04/12/2010 Confidential 10 BiTT Iin Iout