Unit .1 introduction to disaster

UNIT-1(INTRODUCTION
ON DISASTER )
Aim
The aim of the handbook is to provide a reference and guide to those
who, within governments and outside, may hold key responsibilities for
dealing
with disaster.
Thus, its underlying purpose is to assist disaster managers in attaining
standards of professionalism that will enable them to deal with day-to-day
disaster management circumstances and with actual disaster situations.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
GRAPHIC ERA UNIVERSITY-
2015,CIVIL
FOCUS
 The focus of the handbook is primarily on countries
of Southeast Asia
 and the Pacific region. It draws on factual disaster
management activities
 within this region and endeavors to relate
realistically to the needs of disaster
 managers within this region. Thus, the handbook is a
practical reference, not a
 collection of theoretical propositions.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVILTHE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CYCLE

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
 The Disaster Management Cycle
 A standard cycle of disaster events has been used
throughout the handbook.
 The cycle can be, and often is portrayed in other forms.
Moreover, alternative
 terminology may be used. The important factor is that the
format should indicate
 that disaster and its management is a continuum of
interlinked activities;
 it is not a series of events which start and stop with each
disaster occurence.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
TYPES OF DISASTER
A) NATURAL DISASTER B) MAN MADE DISASTER
 Earthquake  Fire accident

NATURAL DISASTER
THESE ARE DISASTERS CAUSED DUE TO NATURAL FORCES OR
NATURAL HAPPENINGS.
FOLLOWING ARE THE EXAMPLES:
1. EARTHQUAKE
2. CYCLONE
3. FLOOD
4. LANDSLIDE

EARTHQUAKE
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. USUALLY NO WARNING.
2. SPEED OF ON SET USUALLY SUDDEN
3. EARTHQUAKE-PRONE AREAS ARE GENERALLY WELL
INDENTIFIED AND WELL KNOWN.

•Earthquake
1. An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking
of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in
the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in
size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent
enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. The seismicity,
or seismic activity, of an area is the frequency, type and size of
earthquakes experienced over a period of time. The word tremoris also used
for non-earthquake seismic rumbling.
2. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and
displacing or disrupting the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake
is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause
a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic
activity

EARTHQUAKE
MAJOR EFFECTS:
ARISE MAINLY FROM LAND MOVEMENT , FRACTURE OR
SLIPPAGE, SPECIFICALLY THEY INCLUDE DAMAGE TO
STRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS AND CONSIDERABLE
CASUALITIES DUE TO LACK OF WARNING.

EARTHQUAKE
SPECIAL PROBLEM AREAS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
1. SEVERVE AND EXTENSIVE DAMAGE , CREATING THE NEED FOR
URGENT COUNTERMEASURES, ESPECIALLY SEARACH AND RESCUE
, AND MEDICALASSISTANCE.
2. DIFFICULTY OF ACCESS AND MOVEMENT
3. WIDESPREAD LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO INFRACSTRUCTURE,
ESSENTIALLY SERVICES AND LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEMS.
4. RECOVERY REQUIREMENTS (E.G., RESTORATION AND REBUILDING)
5. RARITY OF OCCURRENCE IN SOME AREAS MAY CAUSE PROBLEMS
FOR ECONOMICS OF COUNTERMEASURES AND PUBLIC
AWARNESS.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
CYCLONE
 A cyclone is a large scale air mass that
rotates around a strong centre of
low atmospheric pressure.[1][2]Cyclones
are characterized by
inward spiralling winds that rotate about a
zone of low pressure.[3][4]

CYCLONE
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. USUALLY LONG WARNING
2. SPEED OF ONSET GRADUAL
3. TENDS TO CONFORM TO SEASONAL PATTERN
4. ,AJOR EFECTS ARISE MAINLY FROM DESTRUCTIVE FORCES
WINDS AND STORM SURGE,
5. DESTRUCTION AND SEVERE DAMAGE TO BUILDING AND
OTHER STRUCTURES.

CYCLONE
Special Problems Areas For Disaster Management
1. ASSESSING EFFECTS AND NEEDS MAY BE DIFFICULT
2. WIDE SPREAD DESTRUCTION OR LOSS OF COUNTER –
DISASTER RESOURCES.
3. SEARCH AND RESCUE
4. WIDESPREAD DESTRUCTION OF ESSECNTIAL SERVICES
5. EVACUATING
REHABILATION AGRICULTURE, ESPECIALLY TREES CROPS.

FLOOD
It is an Overflow of a large amount of water beyond its
normal limits, Especially over what is normally dry land.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
FLOOD
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Long, short or no warning , depending on the types
of flood.
2. Speed of onset may be gradual or sudden.
3. There may be seasonal patterns to flooding.
4. Major effects arise mainly from erosion.

General Countermeasures
•Flood control
•Land Use regulation
•Building regulations
•Forecasting,monitering and warming system.
•Relocating population
•Planning and arranging evacuation.
•Public awareness and education programs.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Special problem areas for disaster
management
 Difficulties of access and movement
 Rescue
 Medical and health difficulties.
 Evacuating
 Loss of relief supplies
 Large scale relief may be required until
next crop harvest .

LANDSLIDE
A landslide or landslip are a natural disaster, something
which is unfortunately unavoidable. ... A landslide can occur
on shore or off shore and usually at coastal lines but it is the
gravity that forces the debris and rocks to fall and for a
total landslideto occur.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Landslide
CHARACTERISTICS:
 Warning period may vary . Little or no
warning may be available if the cause is
earthquake.
 Speed of on set is mostly rapid
 Damage to structures and systems may be
severe.
 Rivers may be blocked causing flooding.
 Crops may be affected.
 Movement of debris due to heavy rain and
flooding.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Counter measures
 Land use and building regulations.
 Monitoring systems
 Evacuating and relocating communities.
 Public awareness Programs.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVILSpecial problem areas for disaster
management-
 Difficulties of access and movement in
affected areas search and rescue.
 Risk of follow up land slides may hamper
response operations.
 Relocation.
 Rehabilitation and Recovery.

MAN MADE DISASTERS:
These are disasters due to o man made activities or due to care lessness
of man.

CHARACTERISTICS
•Speed of onset may vary.
•It can be rapid under conditions of high temperatures and high
wind.
•Effects can be vary destructive, especially in loss of buildings,
timber and Livestock.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
 Recovery from effects on the environment
may take several years in case of big fire.
 Evacuating communities may be difficult
and dangerous in the case of a major fire
front.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Counter measures
 Effective monitoring and warning
systems.
 Fire Prevention regulations
 Building Regulations.
 Public awareness and education programs
, especially to ensure that individuals,
families and communities cooperate in
applying measures for
prevention/prevention.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVILSpecial problem areas for
disastter management.
 Maintaining adequate community
awareness and preparedness.
 Establishing and maintaining adequate
firefighting resources, especially.
 Establishing an adequate warning system.
 Timely dissemination of warning.

NUCLEAR DISASTER
IT CAN BE DUE TO NUCLEAR EXPLOSION OR NUCLEAR POWER
PLANT ACCIDENT
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "an event that has led to
significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility."
Examples include lethal effects to individuals, radioactive isotope to
the environment, or reactor core melt." The prime example of a
"major nuclear accident" is one in which a reactor core is damaged
and significant amounts of radioactive isotopes are released, such
as in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986

WAR AND TERRORISM
Depiction of Violence
We reflect the reality of the situations we report. We also respect the sensibilities of
our viewers, listeners and readers.
Scenes of violence and suffering are part of our coverage of wars, disaster, crime and
conflict.
We respect our audience by assessing the impact of our images according to time of
day and the context of the program where such material is appearing.
If it is necessary to use graphic images, we will add a warning ahead of their use.
We should familiarize ourselves with any laws or regulations about the depiction of
violence.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Kidnapping
 A kidnapping presents a difficult challenge because it
requires us to balance our professional duty to report
what we know with the concern to protect innocent
people from additional harm.
 A news blackout could be requested by the
authorities or people involved in negotiations with
the kidnappers. Decisions about respecting a news
blackout or breaking one should be referred to the
General Manager and Editor in Chief.

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Origins of Terrorist Groups
 Many terrorist groups have originated out
of troubled areas of the world
 Middle East
 Northern Ireland
 Political radicalism is a source of terrorism
 Terrorism can have its origin in cults
 Terrorism can originate out of the State to
maintain power

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Terrorism, Global and Domestic
 Terrorism involves the unlawful use of force and
violence against person, property to intimidate or
coerce a government to achieve political or social
objectives
 Narcoterrorism - use of violence in the
trafficking of drugs
 State terrorism refers to the terrorism of the
government against their own people
 Revolutionary terrorism - to bring about total
political change

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
Terrorism’s Impact on Society
 The primary impact of terrorism on
society are:
 Increased fear and heightened
security
 Erosion of civil liberties
 Economic consequences
 Health consequences
 Political consequences

Mr. PARAS NEGI
2015,CIVIL
War and Its Effects
 Between 1100 and 1925, about 35 million
soldiers were killed in 862 wars
 During World War II, 17 million soldiers
and 35 million civilians were killed
 In 2006, about 2 million veterans were
receiving compensation from the U.S.
government for war-related disabilities
 War takes a psychological toll on soldiers
 Posttraumatic stress disorder

Unit .1 introduction to disaster

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