Disaster Risk
Reduction
What you will learn
- To understand disaster management cycle
- To understand the component to reduce
the disaster risk

How to Detect
an Imminent Mud Slide
Monitor creeks and streams.
Fast-rising water levels in mountain waterways indicate
There have been large amounts of rainfall that can cause
mud slides or debris flows. If you notice that streams and
creeks are overflowing their banks or have become
brown and muddy, expect a slide. Deforested areas and
those recently burned are prone to mud slides. Note any
barren or blackened land at a higher elevation than your
position.
Listen.
Mud slides begin with rainwater but quickly pick up
dirt,rocks, trees, and other objects, giving the debris flow
an unmistakable rumbling sound as it quickly moves
downhill. A loud, sustained rumble indicates that a mud
slide is approaching.
Worse case scenario Survival Handbook (1999)

Risk Assessment
as a process or methodology that can be used for evaluating risk.
In this context, risk is defined as
(1) the probability and frequency of a hazard occurring
(2) the level of exposure of people and property to the hazard
(3) the effects or costs, both direct and indirect
Last time
We learned
Risk Assessment.

When Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar 10 years ago,
140,000 lives were lost
and 800,000 were displaced.
The category 4 storm slammed into Myanmar’s low-lying Irrawaddy Delta,
• People were unprepared for
what happened. Ninety percent
of housing in some villages
destroyed.
• Millions of people injured,
hungry and homeless. More
than 700,000 homes were fully
or partially destroyed. Nearly 75
percent of health clinics were
destroyed.

“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting
with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity,
leading to one or more of the following: human, material,
economic and environmental losses and impacts.”
DISASTER
From “2009 UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction”

Definition of Disaster in this era
Disaster is a serious disruption of the widespread
human which exceeds the ability of the community to
cope using its own resources. And disruption of the
functioning of a community.
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (2017)

Disaster Section 4: Herein the act;
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act B.E. 2550 [A.D. 2007]
Disaster” means any of these disasters; fire, storm, strong wind, flood, drought,
epidemic in human, epidemic in animals, epidemic in aquaculture, and epidemic in
plants and other public disaster either natural disasters or human-made disasters,
accidents or all other incidents that effect to life, body or properties of the people, of
the government. And in this regards, air threats and sabotages are also included.
พระราชบัญญัติป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัย พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๐ http://www.disaster.go.th/th/dwn-download-7-6/
TYPE OF DISASTER
 Natural Disaster
 Man-Made Disaster
“Air threat” means any disasters affected from strikes or attacks in the air by terrorists or alien nations.
“Sabotage” means any disasters affected from any activities aim to destroy to private or government
properties, public utilities, or activities of offensive, deterrence, delay to any operations including of
any harmful actions toward persons which will create a political, economical and social disturbance or
damage to national security as a whole.

14 Public disasters is
1. Flood and Landslide
2. Tropical storm
3. Fire
4. Chemical and hazard substance
5. Traffic and Road hazard
6. Drought
7. Winter Freeze
8. Smoke and wildfire
9. Earthquake and building collapse
Boundary of Disaster
10. Tusnami
11. Human epidemic
12. Insect epidemic
13. Animal epidemic
14. Information Technology Threat
4 Security disaster is
1. sabotages
2. Landmine and mine
3. Air strike, Missile
4. Protest and Riot
Landmine and mine
Landmine and mine

DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
RESCUE AND RELIEF
REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
DAMAGE AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT
HAZARD AND RISK REDUCTION
VULNERABILITY AND
HAZARD ASSESSMENTMitigation
PREVENTION
Rehabilitation
Emergency response Preparedness
Proactive Disaster Management Cycle
Source: Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, 2010.

The difference between Hazard and Disaster
Hazard are potentially destructive physical events
or human activities that can lead to the loss of life,
destruction of property, social or economic disruption
or environmental damage.
Disaster is an event that overwhelms the
infrastructure that is in place when the event occurs.
For example, an earthquake of significant magnitude
occurs and all of the local response agencies are fully
committed to the event, but they do not have
sufficient resources (personnel or materials) to provide
for all of the people who need help.(UNISDR)

Dimensions
of Disaster Risk Education
Dimension1 : Understanding the science and mechanism of disaster
Dimension2 : Learning and Practicing Safety measure and procedures
Dimension3: Understanding how hazard become disasters
Dimension4: Understanding How to build Resilience
Dimension5 : Building a culture of safety and resilience
CDEMA Disaster Risk Reduction Education Toolkit

Choose 1 card from deck
Consider, what event is ?

Sit in group 4 persons
Share your experience about
disaster or dangerous event
+
Tell about your card

From a card in your hand
which card Can help others people?

Step 1 (2 minutes)
Follow your events
Let’s search the consequent card
that relate to your events.

Step 2
Arrange the cards in front of you.
According to the timeline of the likely event
(Any card that should happen in the same time, put it at the same column)
Tell what you think to your friends. Announce what happen follow the timeline.

จุดประสงค์
ออกแบบรูปแบบของฐานข้อมูลด้านภัยพิบัติร่วมกัน
โดยคานึงถึงความต้องการของหน่วยงาน
และความสามารถในการให้ข้อมูล
Emergency Basic Needs
Livelihood
Rehabilitation
3 Days 7 Days 21 Days
MPHR 3, (2007).
Define disaster
boundary to help
Define
Severity scale
Damage and Loss
Make Database for
structural
reconstruction
Build back better
Preparedness
Need Assessment
And Resources Allocation

Declared State of disaster
Emergency management coordinator
• Performs assigned duties according to state statutes and
local ordinances.
• Is responsible for planning in accordance with federal and
state guidelines and coordinating of emergency operations
within the jurisdiction.
You can deal it or not

Disaster Management Scale
Level Management scale Authority in charge
1 Small scale disaster District Director, Local Director and/or BMA
Assistant Director commands and controls
2 Medium scale disaster Provincial Director or BMA Director controls,
directs and commands
3 Large scale disaster Commander of National Emergency Operation
Headquarter controls, directs and commands
4 Extremely large scale
disaster
Prime Minister or assigned Deputy Prime
Minister controls, directs and commands
National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan, 2015

What is the Characteristic of Disaster?

Characteristic of disaster
1) compound hazards Disaster trigger other disasters. The followed disaster sometimes
larger than the earthquake or some of them need the opposite management methods.
Earthquake
Seismic made
land shrink
Irrigation Dam was crack
Land shrink made
building collaspe
Building collapse disrupted
hospital function
liquefaction
Groundwater well lack of water.
People don’t have using waterVillagers concern their security

2) Disaster always expand cross geological and cross jurisdiction
Disaster able to expand the
affected areas cross-jurisdiction.
Hence, local government especially
District Administration should
coordinate with nearby areas to
prepare for disaster. Request
human resources to support in the
affected areas and preparedness in
case of the disaster expand its
damages in nearby areas.

3) Different levels of vulnerabilities can increase the risk
If the community has high level of
vulnerability, the local government must
understand its physical and social
aspects. The preparedness has to include
technical infrastructure-social such as
culture, Muslim women in South Asia are
not able to leave the house without a
permission from the family leader or
different populations face different
levels of risk and vulnerability.

4) Disaster causes chaos
If there are numerous of needs, the operation will be more complex. Transportation might as well being difficult ,
road are disconnected. People who have the intension to help. Resource allocation can cause chaos in the areas.
Chaos in front of shopping mall.
Most people run out to the road,
but some run the underground floor.
After Phone and Electricity black out. Villager
are chaos with rumors. They are panic and
insomnia. They can not sleep in their houses.

5) Disaster is unpredictable
Disasters have uncertainty type and form. They might be larger and more frequency and occur under different conditions.
Aftershock in Chaingrai 2014 Occur
more than 700 times. Even it’s not
over 6.3 Richter. But there are
nobody can predict the period of the
shake, time or Severity level of the
next shake. Therefor nobody know
How its prolonged. the reconstruction
are postpone follow the existing
aftershock.

Place the card follow
the term of
Disaster management cycle

Draw the river
Draw the the terrain
- Draw the contour of your village
- Specify the height line not over 3 meter
Combine friend 4 person into a village

Determined Each person
takes care of one house.
Draw family members
• How many people are in our family?
• Specify age, gender, physical condition
• What is the occupation of each household?
• What are the tools that are used for careers?
• Have pets or agriculture animals?

HouseJob
Define your household
income per month

Level 1
Each house
Analyze the risks and prepare
for the flood of your own home.

Vulnerability
Capacity
Hazard Exposure
Risk Assessment formula
Risk =
hazard(h) x 𝑉𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(v) x Exposure(e)
capacity(C)

Step 2
Each village
Analyze the risks and
Make a plan to prepare for floods

34
 Command civil governor (Local staff), officers, volunteers, any
person
 Use of buildings, facilities, materials, equipment, tools Public
and private vehicles in the area as needed
 Use all communication tools
 Ask for help from other local authorities.
 Prohibiting entry Building
 Provide a comprehensive and fast relief for victims
The role of the local director according to

35
 Providing temporary housing (Shelter) / first aid / property protection
 Organize temporary traffic regulations in disaster areas and nearby
 Block unrelated people from entering the disaster area
 Manage to maintain order
 Helping the victims / moving property when the owner requests (May
provide charitable organizations to help implement)

36
 Explore the damage that has occurred
 Make a list of victims and damaged property
 Issuing a certificate of affidavit as evidence of receiving relief
 If the victim requests the case of lost official documents (ID card,
census registration , etc) the local authorities will notify the
responsible agency for free.

Criteria for raising the level of violence
From level 2 to level 3
Resource
When there is a need to use resources (people, materials, equipment)
from agencies outside the province area to assist
Time
When having to spend time dealing (incident) with events from 72
hours or more
Area When there is a disaster area from 2 or more provinces
Population
When there are more than 40 percent of the population in the affected
area
Budget
When the budget is in the power of the province Not enough to cope
with the incident
Complexity
When the utility system or the main economic area has been damaged
Until causing people to not be able to live normally And the resources
available in the area are unable to cope with the event
Jurisdiction
When the National Police Commission considers it appropriate to raise
the level of danger

Color scale of disaster warning

The accumulating rain for 3 day are almost 150 mm. The river water is in the yellow level.

Step 3
Rank the people who need the most help.
In order to create a plan to deal with the disaster written in the second
stage, which organization do you need to get cooperation from?

Step 4
Assess the damage and restoration.
Do you have Guideline to restore by creating new ones better?

Damage
Is the direct impact With physical assets, products, raw materials, machinery
or other assets
Needs
Is appropriate information or resources for responding to situations Or the
consequences
Losses
Is things that have been reduced to waste products Or reduced production
opportunities Such as loss of income Reduction in production efficiency Or an increase
in the cost of opportunity loss from the time that was lost

Here are the key points to analyze risks and prepare for your household:- Identify potential hazards in your area such as floods, landslides, fires, earthquakes, etc. Think about how your house and property could be affected.- Make an emergency plan with your family. Decide how you will communicate if phones are down, where you will meet if you get separated, and what to do in different disaster scenarios. - Prepare an emergency kit with essential supplies like water, non-perishable food, medicine, flashlight, batteries, cash, etc. Make sure the kit is easily accessible. - Reinforce your house if needed. For example, anchor tall furniture, add hurricane shutters, fire

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