DMAIC process

1. SIX SIGMA
PRESENTED BY- GUIDED BY-
Mr. Aher Pankaj R. Dr. Vipul P. Patel
F. Y. M. Pharm HOD Of Quality
QAT 2017 Assurance Dept.
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research

2. 1. Historical views
2. Introduction
3.Why six sigma is an important in industry
1. Define
2. Measure
3. Analyse
4. Improve
5. Control
4.Phases of six Sigma
5.References
ACCESSORIE’S OF PRESENTATION

3. HISTORICAL VIEWS
The six sigma approach was first developed in the late of 1980’s
mass with manufacturing environment in Motorola.
Harry was use this term in 1998 they struggled to meet
demanding quality target on complex manufacturing product.
Six sigma is one of the most popular initiative widely
implemented around the world in all sectors.
But, initially this term was used for a quality measurement
approach based on statistical principle.

4. INTRODUCTION
 The six sigma approach is a collection of managerial and
techniques that focus on reducing variation in processes and
preventing deficiencies in product.
 It has save huge amount of money and tremendous important in
many organizations.
Definition: As per Pande et al (2000)
It is define as, A comprehensive and flexible system for
achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success. Six
sigma is uniquely driven by close understanding of facts, data,
and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing,
improving and reinventing business process.

5. Why ‘SIX SIGMA’ is an important
in industry?
The main purpose of this quality control
system was to improve the
manufacturing processes along with
eliminating the number of defects.
Decrease in cost of production and
increase in quality of products and also
use this term for achieving stable
manufacturing processes.
Constantly improvement and change
the industry in a positive direction.Help
to strong development of roots of
organization.

6. PHASES OF SIX SIGMA
The process six sigma is fall under five phases and
collectively called it “DMAIC”
SIX SIGMA
2.Measure1. Define
3.Analyze
5. Control
4. Improve

7. DEFINE PHASE
This step is identifies potential projects,and sets up the project team.
steps involve in this phase
1.Identify potential projects
2.Evaluate projects
3.Select project
4.Prepare problem and mission statement for project
5.Select and lunch project team

8. IDENTIFY POTENTIAL
PROJECTS
Potential projects can identify by nomination, screening, and
selecting projects in consideration with increasing customer
satisfaction and reducing the cost of poor quality.
A. NOMINATION OF PROJECTS
Nomination of projects done in the way of
-Quality standing in the market place, employ
satisfaction studies
-Improvement in goals
-Intelligence study of sales, customer service.
-Meeting customer needs

9. THE PARETO PRINCIPLE
(JURAN PRINCIPLE)
1. The Pareto principle or Juran principle applied to the cost of poor
quality.
2.It states that a few contributors to the cost are
responsible for the bulk of the cost
which above contributor will be increase the cost of product?
20% of
Product
contributors
80% of
Product
contributors

10. EVALUATE OF POTENTIAL PROJECTS
1. It done by an analyzing of project scope and potential
benefit from the project.
2.Harman in (1983) describes an approach at AT & T that uses a
Pareto priority index (PPI) to evaluate each project
PPI= Savings × Probability of success/ Cost× Time to
completion (years)
This above equation is use for analysis applicability of any kind of
project and also use to control cost.

11. SELECT & LUNCH THE PROJECT TEAM
Project team consist of 6 to 8 members and they come from
multiple departments
And them assign to a chronic problem regarding with project
Suppliers and customers may also be the part of team
This team is specially develop for mitigating project goals,
mission and vision

12. MEASURE PHASE
This step documents the process and measures the current process
capability .
Steps involve in the phase-
1. Verify the project need
2. Document the process
3. Plan for data collection
4. Validation the measurement system
5. Measure the baseline performance
6. Measure the process capability

13. VERIFY THE PROJECT NEED
It is useful, however, to verify the size of problem in numbers.
1. So it directly helps to spend the time for project.
2. And also helps to overcome remedy and implementing
remedy.
3. Mission assign to team is in range or not? That can we
understand with the help of verifying project.
4. Team got a superficial idea about the project like…….
Is it pass? OR
Is it failure

14. DOCUMENT THE PROCESS
 It records or document ongoing information relating to
potential problems
Documenting the terms like-
1. Defects
2. Symptoms
3. Theory
4. Causes
5. Remedy
This above terms recorded ongoing process so it makes
process more improve.

15. PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION
1.Chronic problems are not easy to solve and they required
careful planning and collection of data.
2. Basically this is a concept of problem solving
It involves some steps:
1. Description of symptoms
2. Qualification of symptoms
3.Formulation of theories
4. Generation of theories
5. Arrangement of theories
6. choice of theories to be tested

16. VALIDATE THE MEASURE SYSTEM
A. Validation is done due to the less of variation in a project
or process measurement system.
Validation of measurement is an important because it measures
process capability
Measurement of process capability means a reproducibility,
repeatability, accuracy, stability and linearity

17. MEASURE THE PROCESS
CAPABILITY
1 Basically, process capability is nothing but the inherent
ability of a process to meet the targeted specifications.
Generally process capability can hold by maintaning
variables comes in process.
2 And process should be within the range of six sigma then it is
capable.

18. Mostly Ishikawa diagram is used for measurement of process
capability.

19. ANALYZE PHASE
A. This step collects and analyze data to determine the
critical process variables.
Steps involve in analyze phase:
1.Plan for data collection
2.Collect and analyze data
3.Test theories ( hypothesis)
B The analyze phase is generally a process of diagnosis to
find out potential problems.

20. PLANNING FOR DATA COLLECTION
How often does problem come?
What is causing the problems?
that all information come from the planning and collection of data.

21. COLLECTION AND DATA
ANALYSIS
Collect the data relating with potential hazards and diagnose the
root cause.
It can be useful to conduct studies and
separate defects.
The study determine whether the defects
are management controllable or worker
controllable

23. Basically management controllable problems can solve by
managing lower and upper limit means a within a range.
Defects concentration analysis
It is nothing but the cluster of defects comes in project or
process.
Defects analyze by piece to piece it means a defects comes in a
specified area.
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24. IMPROVE PHASE
This steps conducts formal experiments, to focus on the most
important process variables and determine the process settings to
optimize process results.
Design a remedy
Prove its effectiveness
And implementation a plan

25. Steps of improvement phase
1. evaluate alternative remedy
2. Design formal experiments to optimize process performance
3. Design a remedy
4. Prove the effectiveness of remedy
5. Deal with resistance to change
6. Transfer the remedy to operation

26. EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE
REMEDIES
Remedy action responds to findings of diagnosis. Usually several
alternative solutions to cause.
e.g. Types of diagnostic experiments

27. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT
It helps to analyze determine dominant cause of a quality problem
And to determine remedy for further
improvement
Its done by production of experiments and simultaneous
experiments.
This process gives more improved experiments because applying
simultaneous experiments.

28. Deal with resistance to change
1.If process can not mould or it is fully resistance then that time
selected team go for final way and that is change the process.
2. Team make a solution to go on another way.
Transfer the remedy to operation
1. Finally the solution converted to operation

29. CONTROL PHASE
In this phase, we design and implement certain activities to hold the
gain of improvement.
steps involve in six sigma
1. Design control and document the improved process
2. Validate the measurement system
3. Determine the final process capability
4. Implement and monitor the process control

30. DESIGN CONTROL AND DOCUMENT
THE IMPROVE PROCESS
It means of holding the gains of process control and actual
performance and standard performance can control by feedback loop
Validate the measurement system
Determine the final process capability
Implement and monitor the improved process

31. REFERENCES
1. Frank M. Gryna, Richard G. H. Ghua, et al. Jurans Quality
planning and analysis for Enterprise Quality; McGraw Hill
Education pvt limited , fifth edition, Page no.59-107
2. Graeme Knowles and Ventus Publishing APS
,Bookbone.com
3. C. Scorzafave,J. Nogueira etal. Six Sigma: a Literature
review, IJLSS