This document discusses the design and applications of different types of turbines. It begins with an introduction to turbines, then discusses their history. Turbines are classified based on their working fluid: hydraulic turbines use water, wind turbines use air, steam turbines use steam, and gas turbines use compressed gases. The key types discussed are hydraulic turbines, which include impulse (Pelton wheel) and reaction (Francis) turbines; wind turbines; steam turbines used for power generation; and gas turbines used in aircraft engines. Turbines have various applications including generating electricity via hydroelectric, wind, and thermal power plants.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
-: PRESENTATION ON :-
DESIGN & APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT TURBINES
SUBMITTED BY : ADITYA BHATTACHARJEE
ROLL NO :006
B.TECH , 3RD YEAR
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2. INDEX
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF TURBINES
THEORIES OF OPERATIONS OF TURBINES
CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINES
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
GAS TURBINES
WIND TURBINES
STEAM TURBINES
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3. INTRODUCTION:
A turbine, from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, ("turbulance"), is a rotary mechanical device
that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work(like
electricity). A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor
assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the
blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Turbine
examples are Windmills and Waterwheels.
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5. SOME HISTORICAL FACTS :
 The first „turbine” was made by Hero of Alexandria in the second
century.
 In the end of XVIII century the Industrial Revolution began (in 1770
first reciprocating piston steam engine invented by Thomas
Newcomen and invented by James Watt started its work).
 The first steam turbines were constructed in 1883 by Dr Gustaf de
Laval and in 1884 by sir Charles Parsons.
 In1896 Charles Curtis received a patent on impulse turbine
 In 1910 was created radial turbine .
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6. THEORIES OF OPERATIONS OF TURBINES:
A flowing or working fluid contains kinetic as
well as potential energy and the fluid may be
compressible as well as incompressible. The
energy of these fluids is trapped by turbines in
several ways.
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7. Turbines can be further classified into two basic categories based on
how they operate – Impulse Turbines and Reaction Turbines. Most hydro
stations use either of these two turbines to produce electricity.
 In an Impulse turbine, the whole of the available energy of the fluid is
converted to Kinetic Energy before the water acts on the moving
parts of the turbine.
 Pelton Wheel is an example of such turbine.
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8. In Reaction Turbines, the rotation is mainly achieved by the reaction forces created by
the acceleration of the fluid in the runner (rotating blade).
 Reaction turbines consist of fixed guide vanes called stay vanes, adjustable guide
vanes called wicket gates and rotating blades called runner blades.
 It also generally consists of a spiral casing or volute, as in hydraulic turbines. It
surrounds the runner completely. The casing should be strong to withstand high
pressure.
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9. CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINES :
 HYDRAULIC TURBINES
 STEAM TURBINES
 GAS TURBINES
 WIND TURBINES
 TRANSONIC TURBINBES
 CONTRA ROTATING TURBINES
 CERAMIC TURBINES
 SHROUNDED TURBINES
 BLADELESS TURBINES
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10. Classification of turbines based on working fluid:
 When the working fluid is water turbines are called hydraulic turbines or
hydroturbines.
 When working fluid is air, and energy is extracted from the wind, the
machine is called wind turbine.
 When the working fluid is steam, turbines are called steam turbines.
 A more generic name for turbines that employ a compressible gas as the
working fluid is gas turbines.
Turbines have been used for centuries to convert freely available mechanical
energy from rivers and wind into useful work, through a rotating shaft.
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11. HYDRAULIC TURBINE:
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13. Various types of water turbine runners. From left to right: Pelton Wheel, two
types of Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine.
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14. GAS TURBINE:
The working fluid in a gas turbine is a permanent gas, in contrast
with a condensable vapor in the steam turbine, produced in a gas
generator at high pressure by continuous combustion in a
combustion chamber.
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16. WIND TURBINE
For Power Generation For Wind Velocity Measurement
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17. Working Principle of Wind Turbine :
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18. Many Different Rotors
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19. STEAM TURBINE:
Steam turbines are used for the generation of
electricity in thermal power plants, such as plants using
coal, fuel oil or nuclear power.
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20. A Francis turbine runner, rated at nearly one million hp (750 MW), being
installed at the Grand Coulee Dam, United States.
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21. APPLICATION OF TURBINES:
 TO GENERATE THE ELECTICITY
 IN HYDRO-ELECTICITY
 WATER MILLS
 WIND MILLS
 HYDRAL POWER PLANT
 IN MANY WATER DAMS TO PRODUCE IN LARGE SCALE
ELECTRICITY
 STEAM TURBINES ARE USED FOR GENERATE THE ELECTRICITY
FROM THE THERMAL POWER PLANT.
 GAS TURBINE ARE USED IN AEROPLANES, JETS ENGINES ETC.
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22. THANK YOU
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