To Awaken People To Save Earth from flooding In Kota Bharu, Kelantan

OOIAILIKSAVEEARTHBMT2018
TO AWAKEN PEOPLE TO SAVE EARTH FROM FLOODING
IN KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN
OOI AI LIK
SCHOOL OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
JUNE 2018

To Awaken People To Save Earth from flooding
In Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Ooi Ai Lik
Research Project Final Report Submitted SCCT3996
As Graduation Fulfilled
Bachelor of Media Technology with Honours Digital Advertising
School of Multimedia Technology and Communication
College of Arts and Sciences
Universiti Utara Malaysia
June 2018

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All rights reserved. Not be reproduced and or make copies of any part of the chapter,
illustrations and contents of this Research Project final report in any form or means whether
electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the
Dean, School of Multimedia Technology and Communication, College of Arts and Sciences,
Universiti Utara Malaysia.

DECLARATION OF STUDENT
I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work except for excerpts and a summary of
each of which was me explain the source. I also give these rights to the Dean, School
of Multimedia Technology and Communication, College of Arts and Sciences,
Universiti Utara Malaysia for the purpose of publication, if found suitable.
Date of submission: 24/6/2018
OOI AI LIK
CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE
Having examined the Final Report, entitled Research Project to awaken people to save
earth from flooding in Kota Bharu, Kelantan written by OOI AI LIK, 239395 and be
accepted as meeting graduation requirements Bachelor of Media Technology with
Honors.
Recommended by:
PUAN ZURAIDAH BINTI ABU TALIB
Date: 24/6/2018

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First, I would like to thank the Supervisor, Puan Zuraidah Binti Abu Talib for the knowledge,
guidance, and advice they have given throughout the course. Moreover, the Thanks are be
addressed to all the lecturers who have put knowledge throughout my study at UUM.
The acknowledgment also addressed to all parties directly and not directly involved in this
study, including respondent, the member of club Kelab Cino Bersatu Kelate (KCBK) in Kota
Bharu, Kelantan.
I also want an express tribute to the family and friends that have a lot of sacrifice and help
and pray for my glory. Finally, I hope this final report as much as knowledge can contribute
little and used by anyone concerned.

ABSTRACT
The earth becomes dirty after human transfer to modern lifestyle. However, if human wish to
ensure future that is healthy for all life on planet earth, so human need to save the earth.
Therefore, this study aimed to awaken people to save the earth from floods in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan. Floods in Kelantan occurs for almost every year during the monsoon season. Three
research objective is been chosen for this study, the objective is to create posters, Public
Service Announcement (PSA), and video documentary. In addition, the study also provides
the two-research question, there are to inform the community about cause and effect of the
flood and the step to avoid being flood phenomena. The posters, PSAs, and documentaries
are be publishing in social media such as Facebook and YouTube to collect the higher ‘like’ to
be chosen for the final product. The result shows that the final product of PSA and poster are
been choose from product 3 (Appendices II and III). In overall of preventing this issue, the
posters, PSA, and documentary created to inform the society about the floods cause and
effect.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tittle Page Number
Copyright Declaration i
Declaration Of Student ii
Certificate Of Acceptance ii
Acknowledgment iii
Abstract iv
Table Of Contents v
List Of Tables vii
List Of Figures viii
List Of Abbreviations x
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Statement Of Problem 8
1.3 Research Objective 8
1.4 Research Question 10
1.5 Limitation 10
1.6 Chapter Summary 10
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Flood On Overseas 12
2.2.1 Flood Phenomena In Greece 12
2.2.2 Flood Phenomena In Bangladesh 12
2.2.3 Flood Phenomena In Poland, Europe 13
2.2.4 Flood Phenomena In Ayutthaya, Thailand 13

2.2.5 Flood Phenomena In City Of Tegucigalpa,
Honduras
14
2.3 Flood On Malaysian 15
2.3.1 Flood In Dungun, Terengganu 15
2.3.2 Flood In Sungai Selangor 16
2.4 Flood On Kelantan 16
2.4.1 Studies Area 17
CHAPTER 3 PRE-PRODUCTION
3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 Evidence Of Pollutions 18
3.2.1 Air Pollutants 18
3.2.2 Waste Disposal 19
3.2.3 Awful Odor 20
3.2.4 Polluted River 21
3.2.5 Noise Disturbance 22
3.2.6 Concrete Buildings 23
3.2.7 Landslide 24
3.2.8 Material Cause Of CFCs Gas 25
CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT STAGES
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Validation 27
4.2.1 Poster 27
4.2.2 Public Service Announcement (PSA) 29
4.2.3 Video Documentary 30
4.3 Result & Final Product 32
4.3.1 Poster 32

Tittle Page Number
4.3.2 Public Service Announcement (PSA) 33
4.3.3 Video Documentary 34
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
5.1 Introduction 36
5.2 Summary Of Study 36
5.3 Conclusion 37
REFERENCES 38
APPENDICES
Appendices I-Proof Photo On Kota Bharu, Kelantan 42
Appendices II-Poster Final Product 43
Appendices III-Storyboard Of PSA Final Product 43
Appendices IV-Publishing Activity 44
Appendices V-Interview Question 44
Appendices VI-Documentary Audio Script 46

LIST OF TABLE
Tables Caption Page Number
4.1 Table Shows The ‘Like’ Result Of The Poster In A Facebook
Posting
32
4.2 Table Shows The ‘Like’ Result Of Video PSA On Facebook
Posting
33
4.3 Table Shows The ‘Like’ Result Of Video PSA On YouTube
Publishing
34
4.4 Table Shows The ‘Like’ Result Of A Video Documentary On
Media Social
35

LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Caption Page Number
1.1 Logo No Farms No Food 2
1.2 Poster No Farms No Food 2
1.3 Logo Charity Water 2
1.4 Poster Charity Water 2
1.5 Logo Ditch Disposable 3
1.6 Poster Ditch Disposable 3
1.7 Logo 3R’s 3
1.8 3R’s Recycling Bin Label 3
1.9 Logo Earth Hour’s 4
1.10 Poster Earth Hour’s 4
1.11 Logo Ice Bridge 4
1.12 Poster Ice Bridge 4
1.13 Logo Slow Food 5
1.14 Poster Slow Food 5
1.15 Logo Solar School 6
1.16 Infographic Solar Schools 6
1.17 Logo Tress For Cities 6
1.18 Infographic Trees For Cities 6
1.19 Logo Think.Eat.Save 7
1.20 Banner Think.Eat.Save 7
1.21 Logo Surfers Against Sewage 7
1.22 Poster Surfers Against Sewage 7
2.1 Approximate Distribution Of Flood-prone Areas In Malaysia 16
3.1 The Picture Shows The Gas Release From A Truck In Kota
Bharu
18
3.2 Picture Shows The Rubbish In Pantai Sri Tujuh 19

Figures Caption Page Number
3.3 Picture Shows The Pig Farming That Causes The Awful Odor
In Kampung Kulim
20
3.4 Picture Shows The River Change Color In Sungai Pengkalan
Chepa
21
3.5 Picture Shows The Garbage Disposal In The River, Sungai
Warisan Generasi Pelihara Pusaka Kita
21
3.6 Picture Shows The Noise Pollution From Road Construction
Activity In Kota Bharu
22
3.7 Picture Shows The House Construction In Kampung Kulim 23
3.8 Picture Shows The Landslides On The Street In Kampung
Tendong
24
3.9 Picture Shows The Use Of Material Cause Of CFCs Gas With
Too Much In Tune Hostel, Kota Bharu
25
4.1 First Poster To Awaken People To Save Earth 27
4.2 Poster 1 Let’s Protect Our Earth From Flooding 28
4.7 First Editing Of A Public Service Announcement (PSA) Video 29
4.8 Second Editing Of A Public Service Announcement (PSA)
Video
29
4.9 PSA 1 Let’s Protect Our Earth From Flooding 30
4.12 Show The First Documentary Sketches From First Editing
Process
31
4.13 Show The Second Documentary Sketches From Second
Editing Process
31
4.14 Chart Shows The Total Result ‘Like’ Of The Poster In
Facebook Posting
33
4.15 Chart Shows The Overall Result Of YouTube And Facebook
‘Like’ For The Video PSA Publishing
34

4.16 Chart Shows The Overall Result Of YouTube And Facebook
‘Like’ For The Video Documentary Publishing
35

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations Full Name
3 R’s Reduce, Reuse And Recycle
API Air Pollution Index
AFT American Farmland Trust
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
CO₂ Carbon Dioxide
DID Department Of Irrigation And Drainage
FB Facebook
FAO Food And Agriculture Organization
KCBK Kelab Cino Bersatu Kelate
km Kilometer
km2
Square Kilometer
km3
Cubic Kilometer
MPKB-BRI Majlis Perbandaran Kota Bharu Bandar Raya Islam
MHLG Ministry Of Housing And Government
mm Millimeters
m Meter
m3
Cubic Meter
NASA National Aeronautics And Space Administration
PSA Public Service Announcement
PCB Pantai Cinta Berahi
SAS Surfers Against Sewage
SLR Systematic Literature Review
UUM Universiti Utara Malaysia
UK United Kingdom
USA United States Of America
US$ United States Dollar

UN United Nations
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UV Ultraviolet
VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
WWF World Wide Fund For Nature

Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
Earth is the only planet with a variety of life such as animals, plants or humans.
However, since humans develop the city and industry, with the transfer to modern
lifestyle and the use of technology, the earth becomes dirty with crude oil, rubbish,
and extinction of animals.
Because of that, if humans wish to ensure a future that is healthy for all life on
planet Earth, so human need to save earth from various types of pollution, such as
waste food and drained water. The earth is our mother planet in which we born and
understand learn to speak, learn to walk and learned everything that we are now
able to do. Thus, “we better take care of the earth or we’re goanna have shitty food,
and the shitty food is no fun” (VanWinkle, 2017).
Save earth program have already created from many organization and
government, from local and overseas, such as program No Farm No Food, Charity:
Water, Ditch Disposable, 3R’s program, Earth Hour, Ice Bridge, Slow Food, Solar
Schools, Trees for Cities, Think.Eat.Save, and Surfers Against Sewage (SAS).
i. No Farms No Food
The campaign is across the country of Farmland on Americas. Campaign
No Farms No Food was create below the American Farmland Trust (AFT). It
began in 1980 after a small group of farmers and conservationists asked an
important question about nation’s food supply.
The campaign shows the own food systems have drastically changed for
better and for worse. The message of No Farms No Food is supporting local
food is crucial. This campaign uses donations to protect local farmland,
educate communities about the importance of farms, and push legislation to
support local food.
Thus, the campaign developed more than 50 plans to help communities
strategically protect their best farmland and their local food sources. The
campaign also helps thousands of farmers reduce their use of fertilizer and
highly toxic pesticides. Based on figures 1.1 and 1.2 show the logo and poster
of the program.

Figures 1.1: Logo No Farms No Food Figures 1.2: Poster No Farms No
Food
ii. Charity: Water
Charity: Water is through charity is to water sets out to help people rather
than the environment itself. They are giving new life to one of the planet’s
natural resources. The organization chooses locations in need around the
world to build water and sanitation services, considerably reducing the
amount of time and effort spent collecting water.
The program works with local partners in 34 countries to transform
millions of lives every year by improving access to clean water, toilets, and
hygiene. Based on figures 1.3 and 1.4 show the logo and poster of the
program.
Figures 1.3: Logo Charity Water
Figures 1.4: Poster Charity Water

iii. Ditch disposable
A campaign about cinch to participate in 30 days and campaigners pledge
to ditch disposable plastic water bottles in favor of regular old tap water. Not
only is tap water more cost-efficient, but one person going disposable-free for
a month saves an average of 18 bottles from entering landfills. Based on
figures 1.5 and 1.6 show the logo and poster of the program.
Figures 1.5: Logo Ditch Disposable
Figures 1.6: Poster Ditch Disposable
iv. 3 R’s (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle)
The program is to help cut down on the amount of waste we throw away.
They conserve natural resources, landfill space, and energy. In addition, the
3R’s save land and money of communities must use to dispose of waste in
landfills. Siting a new landfill has become difficult and more expensive due
to environmental regulations and public opposition. Based on figures 1.7 and
1.8 show the logo and recycling bin label of 3R’s program.
Figures 1.7: Logo 3R’s Figures 1.8: 3R’s Recycling Bin Label

v. Earth Hour
A worldwide movement organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature
(WWF). The events was held annually encouraging individuals, communities,
and businesses to turn off non-essential electric lights for one hour, from 8:30
to 9:30 pm on a specific day towards the end of March, as a symbol of
commitment to the planet.
In 2007, the events were starting as a symbolic lights-out event in Sydney
in 2007. Earth Hour is now the world's largest grassroots movement for the
environment, inspiring millions of people to take action for our planet and
nature. Based on figures 1.9 and 1.10 show the logo and poster of the program.
Figures 1.9: Logo Earth Hour’s Figures 1.10: Poster Earth Hour’s
vi. Ice Bridge
NASA’s Operation Ice Bridge images Earth's polar ice in unprecedented
detail to understand the processes that connect the Polar Regions with the
global climate system. This Ice Bridge flights conducted in March until May
over Greenland and in October to November over Antarctica.
There is the program to provide concrete data about what to expect from
global climate change for years to come. Rather than prevent further
environmental damage like some of the other campaigns. Ice Bridge is a
largest airborne survey of Earth’s polar ice, will soon provide us the most
accurate measure of change over time. Based on figures 1.11 and 1.12 show
the logo and poster of the program.

Figures 1.11: Logo Ice Bridge
Figures 1.12: Poster Ice Bridge
vii. Slow Food
In the 1980s, Carlo Petrini and a group of activists with the initial aim to
defend regional traditions, good food, gastronomic pleasure and a slow pace
of life started the Slow Food.
The campaign represents a global movement involving thousands of
projects and millions of people in over 160 countries, such as Japan,
Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom (UK), and United States of
America (USA).
Slow Food is to put a priority on sustainability by focusing on local food.
It is a global organization that teaches people how to make smart choices in
food selection, celebrates food traditions and taking time to enjoy eating, and
tackles tough topics like genetically modified organisms and animal welfare.
Hence, the movement has evolved to embrace a comprehensive approach
to food that recognizes the strong connections between plate, planet, people,
politics, and culture. Based on figures 1.13 and 1.14 show the logo and poster
of the program.
Figures 1.13: Logo Slow Food
Figures 1.14: Poster Slow Food

viii. Solar schools
The solar school’s campaign is work with 80 schools, from Stockton-On-
Tees to the Scilly Isles. The project installs solar electricity panels on school
roofs across the nation. The primary goal is to do a project about harness solar
power, which emits fewer greenhouse gas emissions than fossil fuels. The
solar Schools provide teacher training and workshops about sustainable
energy.
Solar Schools left an amazing legacy of new skills, stronger community
links, and local pride. Children and grownups learned about climate change
and energy in a completely new way, and the money the schools saved on
their energy bills has made them more resilient for the future. Based on figures
1.15 and 1.16 show the logo and infographic for the program.
Figures 1.15: Logo Solar
School
Figures 1.16: Infographic Solar Schools
ix. Trees for Cities
Trees for Cities are only UK charity working at a national and
international scale to improve lives by creating greener cities.
The program supported by participating in a fundraising event, or get out
there and join in on a planting day. Trees not only bring nature to metropolitan
areas, they help clean the air by absorbing pollutants, provide oxygen, save
water, and grow food. Based on figures 1.17 and 1.18 show the logo and
infographic for the program.

Figures 1.17: Logo Tress For Cities Figures 1.18: Infographic Trees For
Cities
x. Think.Eat.Save
Think.Eat.Save are with a partnership between UNEP, FAO and Messe
Düsseldorf, and in support of the UN Secretary-General’s Zero Hunger
Challenge.
The program is on a mission to help people become more aware of food
waste. Using initiatives already set in place, including the Save Food initiative
and Feeding the 5000, plus tons of tips to cut down on food waste, this
campaign is about changing people’s habits to spark lifelong change. Based
on figures 1.19 and 1.20 show the logo and banner of the program.
Figures 1.19: Logo
Think.Eat.Save
Figures1.20: Banner Think.Eat.Save
xi. Surfers Against Sewage (SAS)
Surfers Against Sewage is widely recognized as one of the UK’s leading
marine conservation charities. Today the program deals with a wide spectrum
of marine conservation issues from marine litter to clime change.
Surfers Against Sewage is to change government policy and industry
practices for the better. The program is for cleaning up marine litter and
sewage pollution, to increasing awareness about toxic chemicals and climate
change. In addition, it also to educate the public about conserving and
protecting the marine environment. Surfers Against Sewage is a national

marine conservation and campaign charity that inspires, unites and empowers
communities to take action to protect the ocean, beaches, waves, and wildlife.
Based on figures 1.21 and 1.22 show the logo and poster of the program.
Figures 1.21: Logo Surfers Against
Sewage
Figures 1.22: Poster Surfers Against
Sewage
By referring to the campaign or events have implemented to save the earth.
There are focusing on one issue with one campaign. Therefore, the study was a
focus on Kota Bharu, Kelantan as the study site, due to the phenomena flooding
have happened over years.
Flooding is one of the major natural hazards affecting communities across
Malaysia and has caused damages worth millions of dollars every year. River flood
is defined as a high flow that exceeds or over-tops the capacity either the natural or
the artificial banks of a stream. Flooding results from excessive rain on the land,
streams overflowing channels or unusually high tides or waves in coastal areas.
Some of the most important factors that determine the features of floods are rainfall
event characteristics, depth of the flood, the velocity of the flow, and duration of
the rainfall event. Most floods are caused by intense precipitation combined with
other factors such as snowmelt, inadequate drainage, water-saturated ground or
unusually high tides or waves (Alaghmand, Abdullah, & Abustan, 2014).
1.2 Statement of Problem
Kota Bharu, Kelantan are facing on varies issues such as solid waste, water
pollution, air pollution, odors pollution, and other pollution. In this study,
phenomena flooding would be a focus on the area. For example, in 2000, there was
about 230 waste disposal. More than 80 percent of these sites have a remaining
operating lifespan of two years.

A major natural disaster like floods, earthquakes, landslides, and droughts when
they happen, it results in the threat of affect infrastructure, human life, loss of
property; agriculture and environment (Adriansyah, 2014). Including, human
activity such as unplanned rapid settlement development, uncontrolled construction
of buildings in general and major land-use changes can influence the spatial and
temporal pattern of hazard. Thus, it would cause suffering to human life and loss of
materials and properties.
1.3 Research Objective
The study about “awaken people to save earth from flooding in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan” based on the three-research objective. There are video documentary,
Public Service Announcement (PSA), and the poster.
i. Video Documentary
The section is through an interview part of the community in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan. This interview will be a scope with three group of person in Kota
Bharu, Kelantan. There is an interview from the community in Kota Bharu,
students, and the club on Facebook “Kelab Cino Bersatu Kelate (KCBK)”
group. Whenever the whole group will choose from three people to represent
with the answer to the interview question.
The interview question would be prepared with two section for three
community. The question is prepared in bilingual. Two languages are using,
there are Malay and English. Respondents are free to answer in any language
that there are commonly used.
ii. Public Service Announcement (PSA)
Public service announcement (PSA) is a message for the public benefit
distributed without charge. PSA is the aim of raising awareness, changing
attitudes and behavior of society towards social issues.
The product PSA is with design and creating to show how earth condition
becomes now day and included the emotional influence on the audience. This
would show the effects of human activity to earth. So, the audience can feel
emotional with humanity attitude.

iii. Poster
A poster is a placard for posting after in a public place. Usually it a large
printed notice with picture and implies a message or an idea. Mostly, the
poster is included with the headline, subhead, and body copy.
a. Headline
The text indicating the nature of the article or poster below it. The
poster product are the use of headline “let’s protect our earth from
flooding”. The headline is used from the first topic that focuses on people
to save the earth from flooding.
b. Subhead
A smaller, secondary headline that usually elaborates on the main
headline about it. This poster will use “save it; before it’s too late”. The
subhead is following continual the headline that calls people to do before
too late. Using the word ‘it’ that refer to earth.
c. Body copy
The main text part of an advertising or any printed matter that provide
the communication. The body copy used in the product are “without
move, we never can say we love our earth”. The meaning of the body copy
on the product is to call people to make an action, but not only talk.
1.4 Research Question
There is three question from the campaign of the program to awaken people to save
the earth from flooding, there are:
i. To inform the community about cause and effect of the flood.
ii. The steps to avoid being flood phenomena.
1.5 Limitation
The reason for calling people to save the earth from floods in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan due to flood hazard in Kelantan occurs every year during the monsoon
season (Ashikin & Shaari, 2016).
The most constraints facts are flooding due to heavy rainfall not only causes
damage to properties but also the loss of life and serious trauma to the victims
(Ashikin & Shaari, 2016). However human activities in many circumstances

change flood behavior. Activities in the floodplain and catchment such as land
clearing for urbanization or agriculture, construction of infrastructures such as
highway and road and bridges in the floodplain may increase the magnitude of the
flood that increases the damage to the properties and life (Abd Jalil Hassan,
Aminuddin Ab. Ghani, 2014).
Based on the online news from Utusan Online: “KOTA BHARU, March 19 -
After two years of hygiene campaign launched, the level of public awareness in
maintaining cleanliness around the city is still low, said Majlis Perbandaran Kota
Bharu Bandar Raya Islam (MPKB-BRI) Mayor Fauzi Mat.”
Next, quoted from Facebook page “KOTA BAHRU BANDAR RAYA
ISLAM”: “THE COASTAL CLEANING ISSUE IN KELANTAN: We have just
received reports that major beaches in Kelantan such as Pantai Getting, Pantai Sri
Tujuh, Pantai Cahaya Bulan @ Pantai Cinta Berahi (PCB), and Pantai Irama are
found to be dirty with trashes dumped everywhere by some beach resort visitors
that is.”
1.6 Chapter Summary
Chapter have emphasized related with the topic. The chapter starts with a
section of background, statement of the problem, research objective, research
question, limitation, and the chapter summary.

Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
When asked about why to save the earth? The reason for this sudden global call
to save the earth is the destruction that has changed the face of the earth. The earth
needs to save from variety of problems such as global warming, pollution, overuse
of minerals, deforestation and natural calamities like volcanic eruptions, tsunami,
and earthquakes that have caused destruction on earth.
A flood occurs when water overflows from the riverbanks and inundates the
closest plain where water was not prevalent earliest. Mostly, flood happens when
heavy rain takes place non-stop for duration several days at the certain location.
However, the flood also defined as a situation where water flows exceed the
carrying capacity of river resulting in overflows over the river banks (Hussain, Nor,
& Ismail, 2014). Mostly, the flooding phenomenon is the happening cause of
human activities such as unplanned rapid settlement development; uncontrolled
construction of buildings in general and major land-use changes can influence the
spatial and temporal pattern of hazards (Adriansyah et al., 2014).
Refer to the government census, the total population reside in Kelantan River
Basin is estimated that there were about 2.5 million people in 1990. Between 1957
and 1990, these floodplain areas had rapid population growth of about 513.3
percent. Kelantan is highly vulnerable to the risk of floods (Syed Hussain & Ismail,
2013).
Kota Bharu, Kelantan have most of the problem with solid waste, this problem
also can effect to earth condition and can cause of phenomenon flood. Solid waste
are knows as garbage is not very different from municipal waste. Base on State of
the Environment Report for Uganda, that defined solid waste as “organic and
inorganic waste materials produced by household, commercial, institutional and
industrial activities (Kirunda, 2009).
Kota Bharu, Kelantan is numerous of the issues of garbage disposal, there are
from waste generates by normal household activities (Dahlén, 2008). In fact, the
lack of an effective and efficient solid waste management system has a negative
impact on the environment.

The problem of waste management caused by human attitude. For example,
Government of Malaysia, through the Ministry of Housing and Government
(MHLG) launched a national recycling in 1993, but the campaign was not
successful due to lack of support and participation from the public (Ali, 2013).
In addition, the problem of waste management also will affect water pollution
when the problem is not control by a particular party. Water pollution has become
a critical issue with rising population by urbanization and development activities,
due to industrial effluents, dumping of solid waste, open excretion, seepage of
chemicals and pollutants (Senanayake, Thirumarpan, & Thiruchelvam, 2016).
Thus, water such as river plays major roles in the community especially in the
fishing industry and a source of water supply for people residing within the vicinity
of the sea.
2.2 Flood on overseas
2.2.1 Flood phenomena in Greece
Floods are one of the most common natural hazards in the Mediterranean
region, presenting a rich record of events and causing yearly a significant
number of fatalities and extensive economic losses (Diakakis &
Deligiannakis, 2017).
Flooding constituted the second most frequent natural disaster in Greece
during 1928–2005 after earthquakes, it led to 78 deaths, 10,990 affected
people and 719,518,000 US$ damage and repair costs (Lasda, Dikou, &
Papapanagiotou, 2010).
In Greece, flash floods are a common type of disaster, occurring as high-
intensity, short duration storms cause overflowing of watercourses leading
occasionally to abrupt and violent change of fluvial conditions. These
changes, occurring in a short time-frame, can potentially lead to
miscalculation of risk by individuals, especially vehicle occupants that use the
road network approximately these watercourses (Diakakis & Deligiannakis,
2017).

2.2.2 Flood phenomena in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is located between 20o to 26o North and 88o to 92o East with
bordering in the west, north, and east by India, on the southeast by Myanmar,
and on the south by the Bay of Bengal. Most of the country is low-lying land
comprising mainly the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers
(Agrawala, Ota, Ahmed, Smith, J., & van Alast, 2003).
Flooding is an annual event in Bangladesh. At least one-third of the
country is vulnerable to flooding, but nature and extent vary both spatially
and temporally. Bangladesh has experienced 28 major floods during the past
42 years is during the period of 1954 to 1996, of which 11 were classified as
‘devastating’ and five as ‘most devastating’ (Paul, 1997). Therefore, ever year
in Bangladesh about 26,000 km2
is flooded, there are killing over 5,000 people
and destroying more than seven million homes.
2.2.3 Flood phenomena in Poland, Europe
The water resources of Poland are rather scarce. The average annual
precipitation of 618 mm over the country of the total area of 312 000 km2
,
corresponds to a total precipitation volume of 193 km3
of water. Based on
records, the flood phenomena in Poland, Europe has estimated that annually
about 55 km3
of water run off the land area of Poland. Dividing the total runoff
by the number of inhabitants one gets an aggregated average water availability
of the order of 1400 m3
per capita. This is one of the lowest values in Europe.
Indeed, over large areas of Poland, water deficit has been a common problem
(Kundzewicz, Szamalek, & Kowalczak, 1999).
Flooding events in Poland may cause significant economic damage and
casualties in inhabited, industrial and agricultural areas of the floodplains.
These disasters show the necessity of finding new solutions because raising
dikes and levees does not seem to support efficient protection anymore
(Banach, 2009). Riverine flood losses depend on many factors such as the
critical values of river discharges, floodplain management, and the efficiency
of warning and protection measures (Kaczmarek, 2003).

2.2.4 Flood phenomena in Ayutthaya, Thailand
Ayutthaya Island is located approximately 70 km north of Bangkok and
has an area of 7.2 km2
. The population of the island is over 40,000. The island
is located at the confluence of three rivers: the Chao Phraya River, the Lopburi
River, and the Pa Sak River (Vojinovic, 2016).
Ayutthaya’s river flooding problem occur for such as a long time ago. In
the past, the local people solved this problem by digging canals we still can
find today many canals and water gates today at most of the rivers around and
inside the Ayutthaya Island. As current situations change, canal digging is no
longer an appropriate way for the city flood protection. The past Flood in 2011
has its results to the physical, economic, social and environment damages.
The important historic monuments of Ayutthaya were also affected and
damaged (Daungthima & Kazunori, 2013).
However, the Thai government has set forth a multi-layered conservation
plan as a flood prevention strategy for the future, covering the entire supply
chain network, which is requested by the Japanese companies, in addition to
the protection of industrial estates (Irene, Salvador, Yasi, & Zealand, 2012).
2.2.5 Flood phenomena in the city of Tegucigalpa, Honduras
In late October 1998, Hurricane Mitch struck the mainland of Honduras,
triggering destructive landslides, flooding, and other associated disasters that
overwhelmed the country’s resources and ability to rebuild quickly itself. The
hurricane produced more than 450mm of rain in 24 hours in parts of Honduras
and caused significant flooding along most rivers in the country. A hurricane
of this intensity is a rare event, and Hurricane Mitch is listed as the most
deadly hurricane in the Western Hemisphere since the “Great Hurricane” of
1780 (Mastin, Olsen, Survey, For, & Development, 2002).
In Tegucigalpa, Honduras, flooding, and mudslides fueled by heavy rains
have claimed at least 23 lives in Honduras. Eight other people are missing and
rain has destroyed about 24,000 houses and damaged 79,000 acres planted
with grains and coffee, emergency services official Randolfo Funez said.
More than 19,000 people have evacuated from their homes.

In conclusion, Societal needs to obtain reliable information on flood
characteristics are increasing, as the occurrence of flood events has become a
common experience in many parts of the world. Besides the more frequent
floods, also flood damage for singular events has increased. The latter is partly
caused by the tendency that more people start to live in floodplains and
consequently causes that society becomes more exposed to flood damages
(Haile & Rientjes, 2005).
2.3 Flood on Malaysian
In Malaysia, it has been estimated that at least 3.5 million people live on flood
plains and are vulnerable to the flood of varying probabilities (Weng Chan, 1997).
Figure 2.1 shows the approximate distribution of flood prone areas in Malaysia.
Flood plains are also regions where a significant proportion of the country’s
population and much of the economic activity are concentrated. As a result, in
recent decades, “flood risk”, defined as the probability and other physical
characteristics of floods, has been increasing alarmingly in many parts of the
country (Weng Chan, 1997).
Malaysians are historically a riverine people as early settlements grew on the
banks of the major rivers in the country. Coupled with natural factors such as heavy
monsoon rainfall, intense convection rain storms, poor drainage and other local
factors, floods have become a common feature in the lives of a significant number
of Malaysians (Weng Chan, 1997).
2.3.1 Flood in Dungun, Terengganu
Terengganu is a state in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia that has
never missed a flooding event, which occurs between October and March
every year during the northeast monsoon period. The occurrence of flood at
Dungun district Terengganu state was due to a combination of physical factors
such as elevation and its close proximity to the sea apart from heavy rainfall
experience during monsoon period (Muhammad Barzani Gasim, Jumaat H.
Adam, Mohd Ekhwan Hj Toriman, Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Hafizan Hj. Juahir
2007).

Four factor identified and related to the occurrence of flood phenomenon
in Terengganu, there are high rainfall intensity, river regime, low water
current, backwater phenomenon and velocity and wind direction that opposed
direction of river flow (Muhammad Barzani Gasim, Jumaat H. Adam, Mohd
Ekhwan Hj Toriman, Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Hafizan Hj. Juahir 2007). Thus, a
combination of bad weather during the northeast monsoon, which occurs
between October to December and the topographical pattern of the study area
was concluded as the main reason for flooding occurrence in Dungun area.
2.3.2 Flood in Sungai Selangor
Sungai Selangor is located at northern part of the state of Selangor. The
catchment is approximately 1960 km2
, which cover about a quarter of the state
of Selangor. The main river, Sungai Selangor starts from the west of
Titiwangsa Range at an elevation about 1700m between the borders of the
state of Pahang. It flows approximately 110km toward the southwest to the
Straits of Melaka. The major tributaries that joint the river are Sungai Kerling,
Sungai Kubu, Sungai Rening, Sungai Batang Kali, Sungai Buloh, Sungai
Sembah (Abd Jalil Hassan, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani, 2014).
Figure 2.1: Approximate distribution of flood-prone areas in Malaysia
2.4 Flood on Kelantan

Flood hazard in Kelantan occurs every year during the monsoon season.
Malaysia receives the highest amount of rainfall during the transition period of the
monsoon season. The two monsoon seasons are the Northeast monsoon from
December to March and the Southeast monsoon from June to September (Ashikin
& Shaari, 2016).
The flood in 1926 badly affected most of Peninsular Malaysia, including
Kelantan, resulting in extensive damage to property, road systems, agriculture land,
and crops. In 1967 disastrous floods surged across the Kelantan, Terengganu and
Perak river basins taking 55 lives (DID, 2005).
From the data given by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID, 2005),
from 1983 to 2004, there were several major flooding events. The flooding in 1988
resulted in the evacuation of a record number of people increasing (Adriansyah,
2014).
2.4.1 Studies Area
Kelantan is located at the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia with the
latitude of 06°10’N and longitude of 102°20’E (Adriansyah, 2014). The study
area, Kota Bharu is one of the main districts in Kelantan, which was the main
location of commercial Centre and state management office.
Kota Bharu is the main city and Centre of commercial trade and
administration in the Kelantan state. Due to its geographical characteristics
such as unplanned urbanization and proximity to the South China Sea, Kota
Bharu has become extremely vulnerable to monsoon floods every year
(Adriansyah et al., 2014).
Flooding of November 2005, triggered by monsoon rains, has described
been as one of the worst natural floods in the history of Kota Bharu. The total
land area of Kota Bharu is about 394 km² (Adriansyah, 2014). Thus, due to
awaken people save the earth from rather than severe floods, the studies about
flooding will be conducting in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.

2.5 Chapter Summary
Chapter literature review referring to Systematic Literature Review (SLR) or
journal founding on Google scholar. In this chapter are following in four-part, the
first is about the introduction, and flood on overseas research, Malaysia, and on
Kelantan research.

Chapter 3
Pre-production
3.1 Introduction
Kelantan is a state of 13 states in Malaysia, the honor of Kelantan is Darul Naim.
Kelantan is an area of approximately 14,922 km² and is located in the northeast of
Peninsular Malaysia, opposite the South China Sea, and borders by Narathiwat
Province, Thailand. Kelantan is an agricultural state with many paddy fields and
fishing villages.
Kelantan is one of Malaysia's most frequent areas of flooding, especially in the
Kelantan River Basin. This is because the water that floods the basin is categorized
as a large flood area and there is a high frequency of flood events (Hussain, 2014).
Behind it, the attitude and behavior of the community in Kelantan play a major
role in the environmental issues such as garbage disposal everywhere, vehicle
exhaust gas without control and other activity. In addition, Kelantan also has less
of caring about the earth and less of implementing the campaign or event about save
earth to the community.
3.2 Evidence of Pollution
3.2.1 Air pollutants
Figures 3.1: The picture shows the gas
release from a truck in Kota Bharu
Air pollutant occurs when harmful substances including particulates and
biological molecules introduced into earth’s atmosphere, it can cause
diseases, allergies or dearth of human and also can cause harm to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops and damage the natural or built
environment. The problem of air pollution has existed for centuries. Smoke,

ash, sulfur dioxide and other products of simple combustion have long been
recognized as a nuisance, and a costly one (Halliday, 1961).
Air pollution is caused by the use of electricity, fuels, and transportation.
Most of the air pollution problem caused by the burning of fossil fuels such
as coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline to produce electricity and power our
vehicles. In short, air pollution due to the burning of fuel, driving and
industrial activity.
Air pollution will affect the Air Pollution Index (API) and then it will
cause haze when air condition is dry. This also causes the occurrence of acid
rain when air pollutant materials are in contact with rainwater in the
condensation process. When the pollutant material acts as an Atmospheric
Blanket Layer that can trap the sun's rays will cause the greenhouse effect.
According to the 2014 World Health Organization report, air pollution in
2012 caused the deaths of around seven million people worldwide, an
estimate roughly echoed by one from the International Energy Agency. For
example, the number of deaths or hospital admissions studied can easily be in
the hundreds of thousands, leading to great statistical power to detect small
increases in adverse health effects of air pollution (Brunekreef & Holgate,
2002).
3.2.2 Waste disposal
Figures 3.2: Picture shows the rubbish in
Pantai Sri Tujuh
Malaysia, with a population of over 25 million in 2007 generates
approximately 18, 000 metric tons of domestic waste daily, making it one of
the highest waste generators in the world. According to English Oxford

Living Dictionaries, rubbish is waste material. The rubbish is a householder
and can change for the removal of non-recyclable rubbish. Normally, waste
came from different sectors such as domestic, commercial, industry and
others (Kirunda, 2009).
Waste disposal will effect with environmental such as surface water
contamination, soil contamination, leachate, and pollution such as the
respiratory problem and other adverse health effects as contaminants are
absorbed from the lungs into other parts of the body. In addition, will also
affect economic factors such as municipal wellbeing and recycling revenue.
As a long-term is will eventually change the face of the earth.
Environmental contaminations attributed to, poor sanitation and improper
disposal of wastes render water sources unhealthy for people in many areas
of both developing and developed countries across the world. Thus, The
Malaysian government has also enacted new laws on solid waste management
as well as drafted a Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management in Peninsular
Malays (Ali, 2013).
3.2.3 Awful odor
Figures 3.3: Picture shows the pig
farming that causes the awful odor in
Kampung Kulim
Odors have always been associated with livestock and poultry production.
However, odors have recently become a major challenge for the livestock
industry due to the present trend toward intensive livestock operations in
which large numbers of animals are confined on small areas of land
(Schiffman, Sattely Miller, Suggs, & Graham, 1995). The odor is referred to
sensations perceived through the nose by the olfactory nerves. Whatever, odor
and smell in literal contexts are often interchangeable. Odor also usually
occurs in positive contexts, it is the odor of sanctity.

Odors can be an effect of potential risks to human health. People can smell
certain chemicals in the air before they are at harmful levels. Community
members have reported that smelling odors in the air decrease their quality of
life and sense of wellbeing.
Odors from environmental sources might also cause health symptoms,
depending on individual and environmental factors such as age, sex, medical,
and level and type of the substance in the environment. Studied of people
living near hazardous waste sites, and found that those complaining of odors
had a higher number of symptoms than those who did not complain,
regardless of proximity to the site (Schiffman et al., 1995).
3.2.4 Polluted river
Figures 3.4: Picture shows the river change
color in Sungai Pengkalan Chepa
Figures 3.5: Picture shows the garbage
disposal in the river, Sungai Warisan Generasi
Pelihara Pusaka Kita

Rivers play major roles in the community especially in the fishing industry
and a source of water supply for people residing within the vicinity of the area
(Ahmad, Mushrifah, & Shuhaimi-Othman, 2009). The river is a natural
flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake
or another river.
Water pollution is increasing due to contaminants, especially human
waste. The major water pollutants are organic matter, inorganic matter,
infectious agents, toxic organics, sediments and heat (Senanayake, 2016).
Pollution also can be in a variety of forms such as rubbish like crisp packets,
newspaper, bags, oil, poisonous substances, cans, bottles and another solid
object.
The quality of water is affected by human activities and is declining due
to the rise of urbanization, population growth, industrial production, climate
change and other factors (Senanayake, 2016). The pollute river is can be
caused by agriculture with put fertilizers and pesticides on their crops so that
their crops grow better. While factories by use water from rivers to power
machinery or to cool down machinery and put back in the river. However, the
human still throws rubbish into the rivers.
There are several effects of the polluted water contains bacteria, parasites,
and viruses. These cause life-threatening diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and
typhoid (Senanayake, 2016), including the killing of the habitat of water
plants and animals. Furthermore, it will also carry diseases. When animals
drink the water, they may get diseases, which can kill them. Then, people can
even get these diseases by eating the infected animal.
3.2.5 Noise disturbance

Figures 3.6: Picture shows the noise pollution
from road construction activity in Kota Bharu
Noise, defined as ‘unwanted sound’, is perceived as an environmental stressor
and nuisance (Stansfeld & Matheson, 2003). Noise is unwanted sound judged
to be unpleasant, loud or disruptive to hear. Base from a physics standpoint,
noise is indistinguishable from sound, as both are vibrations through a
medium, such as air or water. The difference arises when the brain receives
and perceives a sound.
Noise pollution is the cause of loud music or machines such as
transportation vehicles and construction equipment. For example, in a
subsequent autography study around four UK airports, sleep disturbance was
studied in relation to a wide range of aircraft noise exposure over 15
consecutive nights (Stansfeld & Matheson, 2003).
Effects of noise will affect health such can cause annoyance and
aggression, hypertension, high-stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep
disturbances, forgetfulness, severe depression, or panic attacks. Includes,
unpleasant sounds also will affect our ears and leads to a psychological
problem.
In addition, noise exposure during sleep may increase blood pressure,
heart rate and finger pulse amplitude as well as body movements. There may
also be after effects during the day following disturbed sleep; perceived sleep
quality, mood, and performance in terms of reaction time all decreased
following sleep disturbed by road traffic noise (Stansfeld & Matheson, 2003).
3.2.6 Concrete buildings

Figures 3.7: Picture shows the
house construction in Kampung
Kulim
Concrete has been defined as a composite material obtained using cement,
aggregate, water and when necessary chemical or mineral additives, placed
into molds of various sizes, shapes, and hardened under convenient conditions
(Husem, 2006). Construction is the process of constructing a building or
infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing
typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated
purchaser.
Felling trees and replaced with the concrete building will happen on the
increase of thermal conduction and heat load. As it is known, high
temperatures caused as a result of fire decreases the concrete strength and
durability of such structures (Husem, 2006). Thus, in the morning, the City
keeps the heat and exposes it at night; this will increase the surrounding
temperature and promote the occurrence of heat island.
On the other side, the plant transpiration process fails to release the water
vapor into the air. For example, the percentage of air moisture is low, forming
dry water that promotes the haze phenomenon. Addition, concrete structures
is a sometimes exposed to the effects of fire (Husem, 2006).
3.2.7 Landslide

Figures 3.8: Picture shows the
landslides on the street in
Kampung Tendong
A landslide is a form of mass wasting that includes a wide range of
movements, such as rock falls deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows.
Land sliding in response to rainfall involves physical processes that operate
on disparate timescale (Iverson, 2000).
Landslides from a natural cause such as climate. As long-term, climate
changes can significantly affect soil stability and effect with a landslide.
Besides that, landslides also cause forest fires, gravity, earthquakes,
weathering, erosion, and volcanoes. While landslides because also has related
to human activity such as clear-cutting, is a technique of timber harvesting
that eliminates all old trees form the area. Second related with mining activity
with utilizing blasting techniques contribute mightily to landslides. Other
landslide responds slowly to rainfall and moves at imperceptible speeds, but
they can dominate sediment yields and landscape change for years or even
millennia (Swanson and Swanston, 1976).
Landslides will effects with loss of life, the decimation of infrastructure,
leas to economic decline, impacts river ecosystems, and affects the beauty of
landscapes.

3.2.8 The material cause of CFCs gas
Figures 3.9: Picture shows the use of
material cause of CFCs gas with too much in
Tune Hostel, Kota Bharu
CFCs gas (Chlorofluorocarbons) is a group of compounds that contain the
elements chlorine, fluorine and carbon. At room temperatures, CFC is usually
colorless gases or liquids that evaporate easily. They are generally unreactive
and stable, non-toxic and non-flammable. CFCs are also a part of the group
of chemicals known as the volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
CFCs were once widely used in aerosol propellants, refrigerants, foams,
and industrial processes. There will cause to the breakdown of the ozone layer
that protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
The possibility of global climate change due to the anthropogenic and
natural variation of CO₂ has been debated increasingly during the past century
fundamentally altered the greenhouse issue when he showed that CFCs,
entirely man-made, also cause a significant greenhouse effect (Hansen, Lacis,
& Prather, 1989). In addition, CFCs gas will effects of human by skin cancer
and eye damage, immune system deficiency, and inhalation of CFCs affects
the central nervous system.
In conclusion, CFCs increase in greenhouse clime forcing over the decade
of the 1980s, comparing it with the greenhouse forcing by CO₂ and other trace
gases. The result that CFCs have grown to be a large fraction of current
increase in greenhouse climate forcing and CFCs may destroy stratospheric
ozone (Hansen, 1989).

3.3 Chapter Summary
This chapter has emphasized pre-production. The chapter starts to an
introduction about scope location and continually with evidence of pollution of
scope location such as noise disturbance, landslide, concrete buildings, polluted
river, air pollutants, awful odor, waste disposal, and material cause of CFCs gas.

Chapter 4
Development Stages
4.1 Introduction
In the process of development, a campaign about awakening people to save the
earth from flooding in Kota Bharu, Kelantan designed. Three campaign would be
launched, the campaign are based on the product poster, Public Service
Announcement (PSA), and a video documentary to awake people in Kota Bharu to
save the earth from flooding.
The process of making a three product are toughing the activity of mind,
publishing, and editing to perform the final product created. All the editing will
publish on social media such as Facebook and YouTube to obtain a vote with ‘like’
and ‘comment’ from the community in Kota Bharu, Kelantan and outside the area.
Thus, the development stage is a purpose to finding the final product with build a
relationship with an audience.
4.2 Validation
4.2.1 Poster
The first poster (figures 4.1) is created with not through the process of
publishing, due to the poster are created with not show the issue of targeting
there is flooding. Therefore, the process to create another poster are continual.
Figures 4.1: Frist poster to awaken
people to save the earth
The five new posters (figures 4.2 figures 4.3, figures 4.4, figures 4.5 and
figures 4.6) are created to increase the chances for the audience to choose a

preferred poster. In the five posters, one of which was modified from the first
designed poster (figures 4.2). In the process of creating the poster, the step-
to-step analysis conducted to find the ideas and creativity in producing flood-
related posters.
In the process of getting ideas and creativity to building a poster, it is
necessary to refer to another person design from online searching such as
YouTube and ‘Google Image’. After getting an idea, sketch ideas create on
paper and designed using Adobe software.
Figures 4.2: Poster 1 Let’s
protect our earth from
flooding
Figures 4.3: Poster 2
Let’s protect our earth
from flooding
Figures 4.4: Poster 3 Let’s
protect our earth from
flooding
Figures 4.5: Poster 4 Let’s protect our
earth from flooding
Figures 4.6: Poster 5 Let’s protect our
earth from flooding

Following that, the publishing process is to conducts to get the highest
'like' decision, so that the final product can select. The publishing for the
product poster would be post in social media there in Facebook.
Five designated posters are be published in three selected Facebook pages
there are N.E.W S.E.E.D, KELAB CINO BERSATU KELATE (KCBK), and
Alice Ooi Profile pages. Because of that, the publishing activity is to lets the
community choose the final product by referring to higher ‘like’ on the
product.
4.2.2 Public Service Announcement (PSA)
Several PSA videos designed with a different idea and creativity. The
process of finding the idea to create a PSA video is touching the YouTube
channel, such as referring to the past PSA have creating from another person.
Figures 4.7 and figures 4.8 shown the two PSA video have created with
not through the process of publishing, due to the PSA video are unsatisfactory.
Therefore, the process to create another PSA video are continual.
Figures 4.7: First editing of a Public
Service Announcement (PSA)
Figures 4.8: Second editing of a
Public Service Announcement (PSA)
Three news PSA video (figures 4.9, figures 4.10, and figures 4.11)
conducts to increase the chance for the audience to choose a preferred PSA
video. By referring to the PSA 3 (figures 4.11), there are designed with the
idea, visual and creativity from combination with PSA 1 and PSA 2 (figures

4.9 and figures 4. 10). After that, the PSA video creates by referring to the
storyboard for purpose of producing.
Figures 4.9: PSA 1 Let’s protect our
earth from flooding
earth from flooding

earth from flooding
In producing the final product, the publishing process conducts to collect
the highest 'like'. Publishing for PSA video products will display on Facebook
and YouTube, the PSA video published in three selected Facebook pages
namely N.E.W S.E.E.D, KELAB CINO BERSATU KELATE (KCBK), and
Alice Ooi Profile page. However, the publishing also create in YouTube, for
purpose to sharing in WhatsApp.
4.2.3 Video Documentary
The video documentary produced by obtaining information from the
community in Kota Bharu, Kelantan with through the interview. The
interview only applies to three selected groups, there are from the community,
students, and club KCBK with interviewed three people in the group as a
representative.
After the entire interview recorded, the idea and creativity are conducts to
a form of a video documentary by referring to the interview. After that, scripts
and sketches of video documentaries need to conduct to facilitate the process
of editing.
Nevertheless, the first documentary (figures 4.12) is not going to be
publishing because the video documentary is not seen like the documentary
video, due to the story is playing with a full interview. Therefore, the process
to create another video documentary are continual.

Figures 4.12: Show the first documentary sketches from the first editing
process
The second video documentary designs with more attractive than the first
documentary. The second editing of video documentary (figures 4.13) are
includes of added the visual and music simultaneously with video and sound
recorder playing.
Figures 4.13: Show the second documentary sketches from the second
editing process
The publishing of second video documentary (figures 4. 13) is being
conducted to collect the 'like' and 'comment'. The publishing for the product
video documentary would be out loading in YouTube. Therefore, the video
documentary will be shared from YouTube to social media WhatsApp and
three selected Facebook pages namely N.E.W S.E.E.D, KELAB CINO
BERSATU KELATE (KCBK), and Alice Ooi Profile to involve community
for giving 'like' and 'comment'.
4.3 Result & Final Product
4.3.1 Poster
Base on three-group page posting on Facebook, the result shows the
higher review by group KCBK. Base on table 4.1 and figures 4.12, the result

shows that the total higher rate poster is from poster 3 (Figures 4.4) with the
overall total from three Facebook pages ‘like’ are 99 like.
Base on community ‘comment’, there are interested in the poster 3
because base on my tittle, there is a focus on Kelantan. Therefore, the
community will see the royal gateway of Kelantan. In another hand, the
community also like to see on a red circle because from far place, the
community will focus on the circle of content and the information will look
clearly from the poster.
Base on publishing from posting at Facebook. The result shows that final
product is poster 3(Figures 4.4) that get higher support from the community.
Table 4.1: Table shows the ‘like’ result of the poster in a Facebook posting
FB Page & Poster Poster 1
(Like)
Poster 2
(Like)
Poster 3
(Like)
Poster 4
(Like)
Poster 5
(Like)
Alice Ooi 8 6 17 6 6
N.E.W S.E.E.D 2 2 2 1 14
KCBK 82 71 80 67 72
Total 92 79 99 74 92
Figures 4.14: Chart shows the total result ‘like’ of the poster in a Facebook
posting
92
79
99
74
92
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
POSTER 1 POSTER 2 POSTER 3 POSTER 4 POSTER 5

4.3.2 Public Service Announcement (PSA)
The result from the publishing of three PSA (figures 4.9, 4.10, and 4.11)
on social media show that community in Facebook N.E.W S.E.E.D group and
researcher own personal profile is giving ‘like’ on PSA 1 (Figures 4.9), with
‘comment’ by saying the visual included are beautiful.
In addition, by referring to the Facebook page of club KCBK, there are
has some of the club members are interested in video PSA 2(figures 4.10).
This result finds in Facebook ‘comment’, with writing to say that the video
PSA 2(figures 4.10) are more consistent with floods in Kelantan and also are
looking clear with flood measurement in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
However, with review to the overall result ‘like’ on table 4.2 and figures
4.15, the result show that PSA 3(figures 4.11) is a final product, because the
video PSA are achieving with higher supporting from community in rate of
‘like’ on social media YouTube and Facebook page with overall of 56 ‘like’.
Table 4.2: Table shows the ‘like’ result of video PSA on Facebook posting
FB Posting Pages & PSA
PSA 1
(Like)
PSA 2 (Like) PSA 3 (Like)
Alice Ooi 9 1 1
N.E.W S.E.E.D 3 1 1
KCBK 36 39 52
Total 48 41 54
Table 4.3: Table shows the ‘like’ result of video PSA on YouTube publishing
PSA
PSA 1
(Like)
PSA 2 (Like) PSA 3 (Like)
Total of like in YouTube 1 1 2

Figures 4.15: Chart shows the overall result of YouTube and Facebook ‘like’
for the video PSA publishing
4.3.3 Video Documentary
The result of the publishing product documentary show that the higher
‘like’ rate is from social media Facebook, with an achievement of an overall
total of 85 ‘like’. However, the YouTube just achieve of 13 ‘like’.
By referring to table 4.4, the most influence rate of ‘like’ in social media
Facebook is from KCBK pages, there are achieve with the result of 64 ‘like’.
However, the result also shows that the lower ‘like’ are from N.E.W S.E.E.D
Facebook pages, with only achieve of two ‘like’.
In another hand, the result of the rate of ‘like’ also provided with some
‘comment’ from the community. The result found from ‘comment’ in social
media of Facebook published, the ‘comment’ find from KCBK pages that
community does not want the phenomena coming again because the
phenomena can cause of damage property and there all should repair or buy a
new. In addition, also have one of the community from KCBK group
‘comment’ that want to call person together save our environment. Therefore,
it will not happen phenomena from our earth.
Thus, the result of ‘comment’ and ‘like’ in social media shows us that this
documentary is a success to influence community emotionally and
remembering of the experience during phenomena flooding in Kelantan.
49
42
56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PSA 1 PSA 2 PSA 3

Table 4.4: Table shows the ‘like’ result of a video documentary on media
social
Social Media
Facebook Pages (like)
YouTube
N.E.W S.E.E.D KCBK Alice Ooi
2 64 19 13
Total 85 13
Figures 4.16: Chart shows the overall result of YouTube and Facebook ‘like’
for the video documentary publishing
4.4 Chapter Summary
The chapter is writing with the purpose to show the validation of product
editing. There is three product is edit, it is a poster, PSA video, and video
documentary. In this chapter are through the process of publishing for editing
products with calculation the higher rate of the ‘like’ for being final product in the
study case. In addition, publishing activity also helps the researcher to know about
the community opinion with a comment on the social media.
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Chapter 5
Conclusion
5.1 Introduction
The conclusion is the last paragraph or the final, to sum up, the report and used
to introduce the final comments at the end of a speech or piece of writing. The
conclusion of the report is writing with to awaken people to save earth from
flooding in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
5.2 Summary of Study
The study was a focus on Kota Bharu, Kelantan as the study site, due to the
phenomena flooding have happened over years. In addition, the area also faces
various issues such as solid waste, water pollution, air pollution, and odors
pollution. Therefore, the study focuses on a three-research objective; the objective
creates posters, Public Service Announcement (PSA), and video documentary to
awaken people to save earth from flooding. In addition, the study also provides the
two-research question, there are to inform the community about cause and effect of
the flood and the step to avoid being flood phenomena.
This study highlights the phenomenon of the flood as Kelantan occurs flood
every year during the monsoon season. Furthermore, human activities in many
circumstances change flood behavior. Activities in the floodplain and catchment
such as land clearing for urbanization or agriculture, construction of infrastructures
such as highway and road and bridges in the floodplain may increase the magnitude
of the flood that increases damage to properties, and loss of life.
Consequently, the systematic literature review (SLR) generated from the recent
study of floods was not just happening in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, but floods also
struck overseas like Greece, Bangladesh, Poland in Europe, Ayutthaya in Thailand,
and Tegucigalpa in Honduras. Besides that, other states in Malaysia are also being
flooded such as at the Sungai Selangor and Dungun in Terengganu. Moreover, pre-
production has contained with pictures of human activities in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
that can cause floods such as road construction activity, garbage disposal, and water
pollution. After review, materials such as posters, PSAs, and documentaries are
generating to raise people in terms of saving the earth from floods. In producing the

final product, the publishing process implemented to collect the highest 'like'.
Publishing is display on Facebook in three selected Facebook pages namely N.E.W
S.E.E.D, KELAB CINO BERSATU KELATE (KCBK), and Alice Ooi Profile
page. In addition, the publishing also creates in YouTube, for a purpose of sharing
in WhatsApp. The publication results show that the final product of poster is been
choose from poster 3 (Appendices II). However, the final product of PSA video is
PSA 3 (Appendices III).
5.3 Conclusion
The earth becomes dirty after human transfer to modern lifestyle. However, if
human wish to ensure future that is healthy for all life on planet earth, so human
need to save earth such as holding programs like 3 R’s and Earth Hours. Therefore,
this study highlights the phenomenon of flood due to Kelantan are occurring flood
every year during the monsoon season. However, the flood occurs due to human
activities such as activities in the floodplain and catchment such as land clearing
for urbanization or agriculture, construction of infrastructures such as highway and
road and bridges in the floodplain may increase the magnitude of the flood that
increases damage to properties, and loss of life. In preventing this issue, the posters,
PSA, and documentary created to inform the society about the floods cause and
effect.
5.4 Chapter Summary
This chapter describes the last summary at the end of the report writing or the
result. This chapter addresses the introduction of writing conclusions and
summarizes of study that has contained in the report and finally concludes the
overall conclusions of this report.

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Appendices
Appendices I – Proof Photo on Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Appendices II – Poster Final Product

Appendices III – Storyboard of PSA Final Product
Appendices IV – Publishing Activity
 Publishing of PSA from KCBK
Facebook club
 Publishing of Video Documentary
from KCBK Facebook club

 Publishing of poster 3 from Alice Ooi
profile
 Publishing of poster from Alice Ooi
profile
Appendices V – Interview Question
Salam Sejahtera and Good Day,
I am Ooi Ai Lik (239395), undergraduate students who pursuing Bachelor
of Media Technology with Honor on Digital Advertising. Currently, I am
conducting an interview about awaken people to save the earth from
flooding in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This is a final year’s project and all the
information from respondents will be kept confidential.
All the representatives are allowed to use whether English, Malay or
bilingual to answer the interview question. The respondent only
answers the question from there representative group. There are two
sections from all the group:
Section A: Question about saving the earth in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
Section B: Question about flood phenomenon in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan.
Please answer the interview to the best of your knowledge, experience,
suggestion, etc. Your participation will be greatly appreciated.
Thank You.
Respondents from Community Representative:

Section A: Question about save earth in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
1
.
Base on all program save earth have implemented by the government or non-
government such as ‘Earth Hours’ or ‘3R program’. Do you think this program is
disrupted your time to follow it?
Berdasarkan semua program selamatkan bumi yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan
atau bukan kerajaan seperti ‘Earth Hours’ atau ‘3R program’. Adakah anda
berpendapat program ini menganggu masa anda untuk mengikutinya?
2
.
Household waste is the main cause of impurities on the surface of the earth. How
can you handle this situation?
Buangan isi rumah merupakan punca utama berlakunya kekotoran dipermukaan
bumi. Bagaimana anda boleh mengatasi situasi ini?
Kelantan.
1
.
We know monsoon flood will happening ever years. What your preparation before
flood coming.
Kita tahu setiap tahun akan berlakunya banjir monsoon. Apakah persediaan anda
sebelum menghadapi banjir.
2
.
Flood phenomenon always happening in Kelantan. What your bitter memories
have you ever experience during the floods occur?
Fenomena banjir selalu berlaku di Kelantan. Apakah kenangan pahit yang pernah
anda alami semasa banjir berlaku?
3
.
In your opinion, what are the factors that cause floods in your area?
Pada pendapat anda, apakah factor yang menyebabkan banjir di kawasan anda?
4
.
What steps have you taken to face the floods?
Apakah langkah yang anda pernah lakukan untuk manghadapi banjir?
5
.
What are your recommendations to the community, government and specific
clubs to rushing floods?
Apakah saranan anda kepada masyarakat, kerajaan dan kelab tertentu untuk
mencegas banjir?
Respondents from student’s representative:
Section A: Question about save earth in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
1
.
How does the [school/ university/ college] teach you in maintaining the
environment?
Bagaimana [sekolah/ universiti/ kolej] mengajar anda dalam menjaga alam
sekitar?

2
.
What are the activities have you do to keep clean or natural?
Apakah aktiviti yang penah anda lakukan untuk menjaga kebersihan atau alam
sekitar?
Kelantan.
1
.
During the flood phenomena, we know the floodwater are dirty. You as a young
generation do you think the flood is like a swimming pool.
Semasa fenomena banjir, kita tahu air banjir itu kotor. Anda sebagai generasi
muda, adakah anda berfikir banjir adalah seperti kolam renang.
2
.
As a student, do you think flood phenomena happening is cause by human
activity. Why?
Sebagai pelajar, adakah anda fikir bahawa fenomena banjir yang berlaku adalah
desebabkan oleh aktiviti manusia. Kenapa.
3
.
4
.
5
.
mencegas banjir?
Respondents from Kelab Cina Bersatu Kelate (KCBK) Representative:
Section A: Question about saving the earth in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
1
.
Normally, pollution is always caused by human attitude. What action will club do
to solve this problem?
Kebiasaannya, selalu pencemaran berlaku disebabkan oleh sikap penduduk.
Apakah tindakan kelab untuk mengatasi masalah ini?
2
.
As a member of the club, what action will you take to protect the environment?
Sebagai seorang ahli kelab, apakah tindakan yang akan anda lakukan untuk
melindungi alam sekitar?
Kelantan.
1
.
We know that Kelantan always struck by a flooding phenomenon. What kind of
help will the club do?

Kita tahu bahawa kelantan selalu dilanda fenomena banjir. Apakah jenis bantuan
yang akan dijalankan oleh kelab?
2
.
During the flood, we know water quality is disrupted and it can cause disease for
the community. As a member of the club, what do you will plan to make sure
community in the area are drinking boil water at 100 degrees Celsius and
community are not swimming in the during flood phenomenon?
Semasa banjir, kita tahu kualiti air terjejas dan ia boleh menyebabkan penyakit
terhadap mayarakat. Sebagai ahli kelab, apakah akan anda rancangkan untuk
memastikan masyarakat di kawasan ini minum air yang masak dengan kadar 100
darjah Celsius dan masyarat juga tidak bermain air semasa fenomena banjir.
3
.
4
.
5
.
mencegas banjir?
Thank you for taking the time to answer all of the questions on this interview. I am
appreciating your assistance with this study
Appendices VI – Documentary Audio Script
Shot Picture Audio
1 Introduction
(Save Earth)
Bumi adalah satu-satunya planet yang mempunyai kehidupan. Walau
bagaimanapun, sejak manusia membangun bandar dan industri,
dengan pemindahan ke gaya hidup moden dan penggunaan teknologi.
Manusia telah menyalahgunakan sumber semula jadi. Sekarang, planet
ini menjadi kotor dengan kesan aktiviti manusia.
2 Introduction
(Kelantan)
Kelantan merupakan negeri daripada 13-buah negeri di malaysia.
Kehormatan negeri kelantan ialah darul naim. Negeri kelantan terdiri
daripada 11 jajahan iaitu jajahan kota bharu, pasir mas, tumpat, pasir

puteh, bachok, kuala krai, machang, tanah merah, gua musang, dan
jajahan kecil lojing. Namun, pencemaran turut berlaku di negeri ini.
3 Dalam hal ini, kerajaan dan NGO telah banyak kali melaksanakan
program untuk menyelamatkan bumi kita. Hal ini mendapat sambutan
dari masyarakat untuk mengikutinya.
4 Community
(Section 1.A)
Community 2: Ini ialah tanggungjawab kita semua untuk selamatkan
bumi
Community 3: Kerana program ini em… bagus akan terus menyedarkan
orang ramai tentang jaga alam sekitar lah.
5 Sedar tak disedari punca utama berlakunya pencemran di permukaan
bumi ialah dari buangan setiap hari. …namun hal ini adakah masyarakat
mencegahnya
6 Community
(Section
2.A)
Community 2: Kita semua mesti mengamalkan amalan kitar semula
em…sebagai contoh lah, saya bagi sebagai contoh barang pepejal
seperti plastik. Kita semua tahu plastic tidak boleh larut di permukaan
bumi secara automatik. Jadi, kita mestilah mengamalkan sistem kitar
semula. Em…seperti product yang tidak boleh pepejal supaya
permukaan bumi pun akan bersih sikit.
Community 3: Mengelakan pembaziran dalam setiap pembelian
7 Kerajaan sedar bahawa penjaga alam sekitar amat penting. Oleh itu,
kita dididik sejap bangku sekolah lagi untuk menjaga alam skitar.
8 Students
(Section
1.A)
Respondents 1: Dulu cikgu saya ajar geography juga alam sekitar ni
dalam contract tanaman semula pokok ke jangan buang sampah
merata ke untuk jaga alam sekitar
Respondents 3: Di sekolah, cikgu saya selalu mengajar saya supaya tidak
membuang sampah secara merata-ratas serta jangan membazir
makanan kerana cikgu saya kata apabila kita makan kita perlu ingat
bahawa ada orang yang menahan lapar kerana tiada makanan.
9 Kita sedar, dididik dari sekolah membolehkan kita tahu akan penjagaan
alam sekitar, malah sejap kecil lagi kita turut melakukan activiti penjaga
alam tanpa disedari.
10 Students
(Section
2.A)
Student 1: Dulu dan sekarang, kebanyakan program akan mengajar kita
gotong royong, biasa dalam DPP kita pun dia akan buat program
gotong-royong
Student2: Saya pernah melakukan aktiviti menanam pokok-pokok kecil
di halaman rumah untuk menjaga bumi.

Student3: Di dalam kelas, kami ada jadual pembersihan. jadi setiap isnin
saya akan menyapu tingkap kelas saya supaya ia sentiasa bersih dari
habuk.
11 Kita tahu bahawa faktor pencemaran berlaku disebabkan oleh manusia
sediri. Dalam mencegah hal ini, pihak tertentu perlu bertindak untuk
menyedari masyarakat kita.
12 Club
(Section
1.A)
Club 2: Biasanya kita akan mengepost fakta-fakta yang memberi
pengetahuan kepada ahli-ahli kelab. dimana kita biasanya memberi
kesedaran kepada mereka agar tidak melakukan pembakaran di
tempat-tempat yang terbuka.
Club3: Pencemaran bumi kita sekarang ini disebabkan oleh masyarakat
kita sendiri. Jadi cara untuk mengelak pencemaran ini berlaku adalah
perlunya memberi pendidikan sejap dari tadika lagi cara-cara untuk
menjaga kebersihan dan tidak membuang sampah ataupun lain-lain di
permukaan bumi ini, sepatutnya buang di tempat yang betul.
13 Sebagai ahli yang berkaitan, mereka turut perlu menjadi telandan yang
baik kepada masyarat supaya masyarat menghormati mereka.
14 Club
(Section 2.A)
Club 1: Saya akan cuba memangir penceramah dari jabatan alam sekitar
untuk memberi ceramah……………..
Club 2: Kita biasanya akan membuat laporan sekiranya adanya kejadia-
kejadian yang tidak diingini. Misalnya, ada orang awam yang membuat
pembakaran, kita akan menegur mereka dan tidak membenarkan
mereka melakukan perkara tersebut.
15 Masyarakat sudah tahu, bahawa setiap tahun akan berlakunya banjir
monsoon. Oleh hal demikian, ramai orang telah menbuat persediaan
sebelum dilanda banjir.
16 Community
(Section 1.B)
Community 2: Biasanya kalau mahu menghadapi banjir. saya akan
menyediakanbekalanmakananyang cukup dululah. Sebab,nanti banjir
sudah datang mesti kita tak boleh pergi kemana-mana untuk beli
makanan
Community 3: Biasa persediaan yang saya lakukan untuk menghadapi
banjir ialah menyediakan barangan dapur dengan keperluan asas ketika
banjir
17 Hal ini tentu sekali, bahawanya masyarakat di kelantan turut sudah
berpengalaman dalam menghadapi banjir.
18 Community
(Section 2.B)
Community 1: Kalau bagi keluarga saya, saya pernah alami dalam
kaedahaan banjir. Rumah saya semasa tu dua tingkat. So, dah separuh
dah penuh dengan air banjir. So, saya terpaksa selamatkan family saya
dalam kaedahaan yang tiada bot apa itu semua lah.

Community 2: Saya ingat pada tahun 2004, itu pun…em…banjir yang
paling besar di kelantan lah saya rasa. Pada masa itu, semua perabot
rumah saya semua rosak kerana rumah saya teletak di kampung
tendong, sebelah dengan laut. Jadi, masa itu, saya tak sangka bahawa
air banjir akan naik begitu tinggi dengan cepat. Jadi, saya pun takde
masa untuk pindah semuanya. Jadi, semua barang rosak.
19 Disebabkan, setiap tahun kelantan dilanda banjir, jadi sejap sekian
lamanya,sudahada pihak yang tertentu menghulurkanbantuankepada
mangsa banjir
20 Club
(Section 1.B)
Club 1: Kelab akan memberi dan mengalurkan bantuan makanan dan
minuman bebentuk air mineral pada mangsa banjir untuk memastikan
tahap kesihatan mereka tidak terjejas akibat pencemaran air semasa
hujan
Club 2: Kita akan mengumpurkan dana dan kita akan memberikan
mereka bantuan yang berupa seperti bahan mentah iaitu jenis
makanan. Misalnya, beras, minyak atau lain-lain. Kita juga memberi
bantuan selimut, pakain, juga peralatan semacam perabut, sekiranya di
kawasan yang mengalami banjir yang sangat teruk, dimana terjadinya
kerosakan yang banyak kepada perabut-perabut di rumah mereka. kita
juga mengumpurkan dana berbentuk wang untuk disalurkan kepada
mereka yang terlibat dalam banjir
21 Setiap tahun banjir, ramai generasi muda yang mengambil kesepatan
untuk bermain air banjir walaupun mereka sedar akan kotornya air
banjir.
22 Students
(Section 2.B)
Students 1: Air banjir ni sangat bahaya satu pastu air pun kotor akan
menjejaskan kesihatan. Kalau bagi kanak-kanak ia bahaya sebab ia akan
menyebabkan lemas lah
Students 3: Saya dan ibu bapa saya terpaksa mengharungi air banjir
untuk ke gerai berdekatan supaya dapat membeli barangan keperluan.
23 Justeru itu, pihak yang berwajib perulah mengadakan perancangan
dalam hal mencegah masyarakat dari terkena penyakit semasa banjir
24 Club
(Section 2.B)
Club 1: Memastikan masyarakat minum air yang dimasak 100 peratus
medidih, saya bersama-sama rakan ahli cuba bergerak dari rumah ke
rumah untuk memberi kesedaran kepada penduduk pentingnya
memasak air sebelum diminum.
Club 2: Kita akan memberikan kesedaran kepada mereka dengan
mengepost infor-infor bagaiman untuk menjaga kesihatan. Iaitu
mereka perlu minum, minuman yang telah dimasak juga membeli air
mineral. Dengan ini kita boleh memberikan kesedaran yang berterusan
kepada mereka.

Club 3: Bukan sahaja berlaku banjir masa kemarau pun memang kita
minum air tercemar ini memang boleh membawa penyakit dan
sebagainya sebab dia mengandungi kurman air tercemar ini. Jadi,
benda ini perlu dididik sejap sekolah rendah lagi supaya masyarakat kita
tahu supaya meminum air yang sudah dirawat dan telah dimasak lebih
dari 100 darjah celsius supaya dapat membunuh kurman bukannya
mengambil air dari perigi yang jernih. kita nampat sahaja air itu jernih
tapi kita tidak nampat kurman. Ia membahayakan sebenarnya dan kita
perlu menyedarkan masyarakat dan pihak-pihka kesihatan serta juga
pihak-pihak yang terlibat perlu sedar benda ini dan perlu memberi
pendidikan sejap dari awal lagi supaya masyarakat sedar perlunya
minum air yang sudah dirawat dan juga air yang sudah dimasak
25 Dalam hal ini, kebanyakan orang berpendapat ia disebabkan oleh
aktiviti manusia
26 Students
(Section 2.B)
Students 1: Sebab kebanyakan sekarang di kelantan aktiviti pembalakan
berlaku di kawasan hutan simpan ke apa, pastu yang kedua mungkin
sebab membuang sampah; sampah dalam longkang ke apa. Yang ketiga
mungkin disebabkan pembinaan lah... Kerana pembinaan dia akan
menerokai tempat-tempat kawasan hutan
27 Disebabkan fenomena ini kerap berlaku, menyebabkan orang ramai
mula mengaji sebab berlakunya fenomena tersebut.
28 (Section 3.B) Students 3: Saya rasa faktor berlaku banjir kerana hujan yang tak
berhenti-henti dalam beberapa hari.
Club 1: Seperti yang kita tahu, kelantan merupakan negeri yang teretak
dibawah tiaupan angin mooson timur laut, pada musin tengkujuh
kuatiti air yang banyak menyebabkan kelantan sering dilanda banjir.
Club 3: Satunya ia ini berada di tepi sungai, jadi air sungai pada masa
banjir akan melipah masuk ke dalam bandar sebenarnya melalui
longkang dan sebagainya
Club 1: Tambahan pula, sistem perparitan yang tidak efisen
menyebabkan apabila berlaku kuatiti air yang banyak, air tersebut akan
melimpah keluar dan berlakulah banjir.
Students 2: Berpunca dari aktiviti manusia kerana manusia selalu
membuang sampah kedalam longkang hingga tersumbat dan air yang
tidak dapat mengalir menjadi semakin banyak.
Club 2: Dewasa ini, banyak terjadi perumahan. Mereka mendirikan
perumahan-perumahan di kawasan sekitar sini, tetapi tidak menjaga
sistem perparitan. Ini adalah masalah utama menyebabkan banjir
29 Disebalik itu, masyarakat di kelantan turut ada mengambil langkah
sebelum tibanya banjir.

To Awaken People To Save Earth from flooding In Kota Bharu, Kelantan

To Awaken People To Save Earth from flooding In Kota Bharu, Kelantan

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