The above project presentation is of E.V.S. project of school project is combined by myself Note: images and information are taken from online resources and credits are given at the end

1. NAME :
CLASS :
SECTION:
ROLL :
SUBJECT :
Environmental Science(E.V.S.)

2. TOPIC
SUNDERBAN
S
ACASESTUDYOFMAN-ANIMALCONFLICT

3. SUNDARBANS
Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the
delta formed by the confluence of the Padma,
Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of
Bengal.
However , The Sundarbans, the world’s largest
mangrove delta and home to the Royal Bengal Tiger,
has lost nearly two percent mangrove cover in the last
two years, according to the state of forest report 2019.
the Forest Survey of India (FSI) report, said the
mangrove cover in the Sunderbans has shrunk by more
than two square kilometres – from 2214 sq km to
2112.11 sq km - between 2017 and 2019.
Such incidents affecting the natural biodiversity would
lead to change in behavior and population of all living
organisms of the ecosystem and thus have initiated
animal conflict for food and shelter.

4. Several factors affect and
create such issues.
Importance of mangroves.
Causes of depletion of
mangrove forests.
Affect on mankind and
animal.
Prevention and steps by
government
Steps by private , non
government institutions and
individuals

5. IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVES:
• Acts as a buffer zone between land and sea.
• Protects land from erosion
• Acts as a shield against several natural
disasters like cyclone
• Acts as a breeding ground and habitat for
several living organisms like birds and Royal
Bengal Tiger.
• Good source of timber, fuel and fodder.
• Important source of income for shoreline
communities.
• Acts as water and air purifier.
• Attracts tourism

6. Several factors have facilited the
depletion of mangroves among which
the most significant ones are
activities by humans such as illegal
woodcutting, industrial pollution
around the area and failure in
management by authorities.
Population growth has also acted as a
factor for depletion as several new
construction activities and space is
required.
Also natural causes such as global
warming due to change in
temperature, heavy rainfall change in
sea levels along with several natural
phenomena have led to mangrove
depletion.

7. AFFECT ON BIOTIC COMPONENTS
• Depletion of Sundarbans will lead to
decline in eco tourism population of India
effecting lives of people earning through
it.
• Over degradation will exhaust several non
renewable resources and also pollute the
clean environment
• Animals like tigers and deer when unable
to find food and water may attack villages
nearby leading to conflicts between man
and animals.
• Several species found in the region may be
endangered or extinct due to change in
environmental conditions.
• Sundarbans which protect land and
mankind from various natural disasters. In
future , due to depletion, will lead to
mankind become prone to such
circumstances

8. Nature has initially given all organisms
the basic requirements and abilities to
achieve others requirements. However
due to greed the ecological balance is
affected always in several forms like
global warming , erosion and industrial
pollution.
Sunderbans depletion is one which has
been affected by human greed.
It has lead to man animal conflict due
to :
• DESTRUCTION OF THEIR HOMES
• ABSENCE OF FOOD RESOURCES
• SHIFTING TO SEARCH NEW HABITAT
The animals especially deers and
tigers have moved toward nearby
villages in search of food and home.

9. When the animals are seen in or
around the human occupied regions.
They are considered to be harming
organisms and are attacked by locals
to prevent danger, however due to
such attacks by humans , animals
defend themselves by attacking and
hunting humans.
This initiates conflict between the
humans(locals) and animals(searching
shelter or food).
Every organism requires basic necessities in
life and which is provided to all by nature
itself.
However when living beings(especially
humans) disbalance the ecological system all
members of the biodiversity are affected.

12. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Protection of Mangrove Ecosystem:
The northern and western fringes of Indian
Sundarban are heavily populated and lack of
agricultural production and job opportunities haunt
the remote villages. It result into intense biotic
pressure on the forest from the fishermen, wood
collectors, honey collectors and poachers. The
organized timber and wildlife mafia exploit the
poverty of the villagers. Hence institutions are set
to maintain and stabilize such pressures and
create communications between officials and
locals.
Habitat Improvement through
afforestation and soil conservation.
Reduction of Man-Animal conflict
Straying of tigers from the Reserved Forests into
the habitations along the Northern and Western
fringes of Sundarban Forest occasionally result into
death of cattle/human beings as well as tiger. Illegal
entry of fishermen into core areas as well as entry
of honey-collectors into the forest also leads to
killing of a no. of people by the tigers.
To prevent such cases nylon net and fences
are spread around the region

13. Confidence-building activities for villagers like
construction of village brick path.
Also it creates employment and trust among people. Self
help groups are also initiated and supported by
government bodies in such regions to prevent illegal
entering in region.
To prevent man animal conflict major steps
to be taken is to revive the lost mangrove
regions.
Preventions of setting up of industries near
sunderban to prevent pollution.
Signing of treaty between India and Bangladesh
government for protection of the forests from
both sides.
Teaching the localites to protect themselves from
tiger and preventing any unofficial from entry in
region helping the forest officials.
Regular inspections of the region to check for any
form of illegal activity.

14. www.civilsdaily.com
www.economictimes.indiatimes.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.hindustantimes.com
www.unep.org
BIBLIOGRAPHY

15. CONCLUSION
The project has required several
researches and checking of facts
helping me know about nearby
region and conditions of wildlife
and people over there.
Also has made me realise the
destruction of environment caused
due to unnecessary human
activities.
It has nurtured my knowledge over
the importance of environment
and ecological balance and how
every member of the biodiversity
plays an important role.