Feeds and feeding for animals

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FEEDS AND
FEEDING

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 Proper nutrition plays a vital role in an animal’s performance.
The genetic potential of broiler chicken can be expressed only if
proper nutrition and management are provided to them.

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Feed Types for Poultry
 a. Pre-starter or chick booster – given to chicks from day old to 2
weeks.
 b. Broiler starter – given to chicks from 2 weeks old to 4 weeks
old.
 c. Broiler finisher – given to chicks from 4 weeks old until desired
market weight and age are achieved.

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Feed Types for Swine
 a. Pig Booster – given to pigs from last week of suckling until
weaning
 b. Hog Pre-starter - given to pigs from weaning to a month old
 c. Hog Starter – given to pigs from a month old to 2 months
 d. Hog Grower – 2 months to 3 months
 e. Hog Finisher – until desired market weight is achieved.

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Forms of Feed for Poultry and Swine
 a. Mash – a mixture of ground and powdered form of feedstuffs.
 B. Pellets – compressed mash feed through the pelleting
machine
 c. Crumbles – coarsely ground pellet Mash feed is
recommended for use only during the first 2 weeks.

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Types of Feeding
 a. Ad-libitum – feed is given to animals as long as they want
 b. Controlled or Restricted Feeding – feed is given to the
animals in a limited quantity.

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Common Feed Ingredients
 a. Banana Meal – obtained from chopping, drying an grinding banana fruit.
 b. Copra Meal – is a byproduct obtained after the oil has been extracted from the
dried coconut meat
 c. Corn – most common grain used for poultry and swine feeding. Two types of
corn yellow and white
 d. Corn bran – the outer covering of the grain corn
 e. Molasses – byproduct in the manufacture of sugar from sugarcane.
 f. Fish Meal – is the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole fish g.
Corn Grit – is the hard, flinty portion of sound corn
 h. Rice Bran – is the pericarp or bran layer of rice
 i. Soybean Oil Meal –is the byproduct from the extraction of oil from soybean
 j. Tallow – is animal fat from beef cattle, carabao, and sheep

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Feeds Supplements
 a. Synthetic Amino Acids – these are synthetically produced
supplements with chemical characteristics similar to their natural
counterparts.
 b. Limestone – is one of the best sources of calcium for animals
 C. Sodium Chloride – common table salt must be added in
poultry and livestock rations. The amount varies from 0.20 – to
0.50% of the total diet depending on the salt content of other
ingredients.

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Feed Additives
 a. Acidifiers – when incorporated to ration lower the stomach pH
preventing growth of pathogenic microorganisms thus promoting
growth.
 b. Antibiotics – these are products produced by microorganism
which are mix in feed at subtherapeutic level. It helps to increase
growth rate but harmful when improperly used.
 c. Anti-molds – are chemical preservatives added to the feeds to
protect them from decomposition by microorganism.
 d. Antioxidants – used to prevent rancidity in feeds. Feeds
containing 12% moisture content or feeds containing fat or oil
should be added with anti-oxidant.
 e. Coccidiostat – these are administered to control and prevent
coccidiosis.

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 f. Dewormers – these are used against internal parasites of animals
that ingested the contaminated feeds.
 g. Toxin Binder – used for detoxification of mycotoxin contaminated
fed and raw materials by either chelating the mycotoxin or by
blocking the effect of mycotoxin at the digestive tract of
 h. Probiotics – also known a microbial supplements, these are
beneficial microorganism added to rations to improve the intestinal
microbial balance of the animal.
 i. Pellet Binder – these are agents added to improve the texture and
firmness of pelleted feeds.
 j. Enzymes –these are protein molecules that have the ability to
catalyze biochemical reactions. Commercial feed enzyme are used
to increase the digestibility of some feedstuffs under certain
condition.

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END