The document provides an overview of Pakistan's poultry feed industry. It discusses key inputs like maize, soybean, and fish meal. It describes the production process and supply chain. It also examines global and domestic production and consumption trends. Domestically, the industry saw a 17% decline in feed consumption in FY20. Input prices rose significantly in 1HFY21, squeezing margins. Business risks include volatility in input costs and sales risk from disruptions to poultry sector demand.
Paper 7 Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha Role of Protien Meals for Sustainable poult...pakistanoilseeds
The document discusses the role of protein meals for sustainable poultry production in Pakistan. It notes that poultry production is more efficient and uses fewer resources than beef or mutton production. However, Pakistan relies heavily on soybean meal imports for poultry feed due to low domestic production of oilseeds. The document recommends increasing local production of oilseeds like soybeans and canola to reduce import reliance and support sustainable growth of the poultry industry.
Feeding for quality feedlot handbook for pakistan Dr. Waqas Nawaz
This document provides guidelines for purchasing and feeding cattle to improve meat quality for export markets. It discusses purchasing cattle from local markets in Pakistan, which often have internal parasite infections that decrease weight gain. It recommends deworming newly purchased cattle and feeding them a starter ration to help them learn to eat from feed troughs. The document provides nutrient requirements for different classes of cattle and considerations for feedlot design, including site evaluation and layout planning. The overall aim is to provide Pakistani farmers and feedlot operators information to finish cattle in a feedlot and produce higher quality beef for export markets.
How to feed chickens for the best health and performancevivekc45
An imperative fraction of raising chickens is feeding - feeding makes up the chief cost of making and good quality nourishment is reflected in the bird's presentation and its products. This journal discusses feeding customary rations as well as adding yours possess rations, organic diets, and particular concerns for feeding chickens in a number of the pasture-based models discussed in the cohort ATTRA publication Sustainable Chicken Production.
Integrated farming system IN rainfed ecosystemRamyajit Mondal
This document discusses integrated farming systems (IFS) for rainfed ecosystems. It begins by defining farming systems and their components, which can include cropping, dairy, poultry, fisheries, and beekeeping. It then lists several issues facing agriculture like declining growth and productivity. The objectives of IFS are outlined as meeting household needs, conserving resources, and improving efficiency.
Common IFS components for rainfed areas are then described, including crop husbandry, dairy, poultry, duckery, horticulture, and goatery. Details are provided on suitable crops, breeds, housing requirements, feeding, and yields. The document concludes by stating that IFS can increase overall productivity and profitability
This document discusses the poultry industry in Pakistan. It provides an overview of the development and growth of the poultry sector from the 1960s to present day. It describes the types of poultry farms and breeds commonly raised in Pakistan. Challenges facing the industry such as disease outbreaks and high feed costs are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the poultry industry in Pakistan, including its history, trends, and current state. It discusses how the industry has grown from small backyard operations in the 1960s to a large commercial industry today. Key points include: the poultry industry contributes significantly to Pakistan's agriculture and livestock sectors; production of eggs, broilers, and layers has increased dramatically since the 1970s; and a new trend is the use of "controlled sheds" for broiler production, which provide automated control of environmental conditions. The location analysis section describes how broilers are typically marketed through middlemen and wholesalers to urban retail shops and processed meat markets.
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials from Navadhane-Global Agro commodity &...Karthikeyan Dhanushkodi
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials- All type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals,Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
-All raw materials for Animal Feed
-Oil Cakes and Oil meal: Soybean Meal, Ground Nut de oiled cake, Cotton Seed Meal, Rape seed Meal, Castor Seed Meal, Mustard de Oiled Cake and etc
-Feed of animal origin: Fish Meal, Meat Bone, Silkworm Pupae and etc.
-Cereal and grains, By-products, Minerals and vitamins and Feed additives etc.
We supply all type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals, Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
Livestock & Poultry Production and Mangement.pdfssuser4573b31
Livestock production systems can be extensive, semi-intensive, intensive, or mixed. Extensive systems require large land areas for grazing and have low feeding costs but are not suitable for high-yielding animals. Semi-intensive systems incorporate some grazing and confinement with lower feed costs than intensive systems. Intensive systems involve total confinement and feeding but have higher risks of health issues without proper management. Mixed farming maintains one or more livestock along with crops, making better use of farm outputs and unconventional feeds to recycle manure and nutrients and provide continuous income.
Paper 7 Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha Role of Protien Meals for Sustainable poult...pakistanoilseeds
The document discusses the role of protein meals for sustainable poultry production in Pakistan. It notes that poultry production is more efficient and uses fewer resources than beef or mutton production. However, Pakistan relies heavily on soybean meal imports for poultry feed due to low domestic production of oilseeds. The document recommends increasing local production of oilseeds like soybeans and canola to reduce import reliance and support sustainable growth of the poultry industry.
Feeding for quality feedlot handbook for pakistan Dr. Waqas Nawaz
This document provides guidelines for purchasing and feeding cattle to improve meat quality for export markets. It discusses purchasing cattle from local markets in Pakistan, which often have internal parasite infections that decrease weight gain. It recommends deworming newly purchased cattle and feeding them a starter ration to help them learn to eat from feed troughs. The document provides nutrient requirements for different classes of cattle and considerations for feedlot design, including site evaluation and layout planning. The overall aim is to provide Pakistani farmers and feedlot operators information to finish cattle in a feedlot and produce higher quality beef for export markets.
How to feed chickens for the best health and performancevivekc45
An imperative fraction of raising chickens is feeding - feeding makes up the chief cost of making and good quality nourishment is reflected in the bird's presentation and its products. This journal discusses feeding customary rations as well as adding yours possess rations, organic diets, and particular concerns for feeding chickens in a number of the pasture-based models discussed in the cohort ATTRA publication Sustainable Chicken Production.
Integrated farming system IN rainfed ecosystemRamyajit Mondal
This document discusses integrated farming systems (IFS) for rainfed ecosystems. It begins by defining farming systems and their components, which can include cropping, dairy, poultry, fisheries, and beekeeping. It then lists several issues facing agriculture like declining growth and productivity. The objectives of IFS are outlined as meeting household needs, conserving resources, and improving efficiency.
Common IFS components for rainfed areas are then described, including crop husbandry, dairy, poultry, duckery, horticulture, and goatery. Details are provided on suitable crops, breeds, housing requirements, feeding, and yields. The document concludes by stating that IFS can increase overall productivity and profitability
This document discusses the poultry industry in Pakistan. It provides an overview of the development and growth of the poultry sector from the 1960s to present day. It describes the types of poultry farms and breeds commonly raised in Pakistan. Challenges facing the industry such as disease outbreaks and high feed costs are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the poultry industry in Pakistan, including its history, trends, and current state. It discusses how the industry has grown from small backyard operations in the 1960s to a large commercial industry today. Key points include: the poultry industry contributes significantly to Pakistan's agriculture and livestock sectors; production of eggs, broilers, and layers has increased dramatically since the 1970s; and a new trend is the use of "controlled sheds" for broiler production, which provide automated control of environmental conditions. The location analysis section describes how broilers are typically marketed through middlemen and wholesalers to urban retail shops and processed meat markets.
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials from Navadhane-Global Agro commodity &...Karthikeyan Dhanushkodi
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials- All type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals,Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
-All raw materials for Animal Feed
-Oil Cakes and Oil meal: Soybean Meal, Ground Nut de oiled cake, Cotton Seed Meal, Rape seed Meal, Castor Seed Meal, Mustard de Oiled Cake and etc
-Feed of animal origin: Fish Meal, Meat Bone, Silkworm Pupae and etc.
-Cereal and grains, By-products, Minerals and vitamins and Feed additives etc.
We supply all type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals, Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
Livestock & Poultry Production and Mangement.pdfssuser4573b31
Livestock production systems can be extensive, semi-intensive, intensive, or mixed. Extensive systems require large land areas for grazing and have low feeding costs but are not suitable for high-yielding animals. Semi-intensive systems incorporate some grazing and confinement with lower feed costs than intensive systems. Intensive systems involve total confinement and feeding but have higher risks of health issues without proper management. Mixed farming maintains one or more livestock along with crops, making better use of farm outputs and unconventional feeds to recycle manure and nutrients and provide continuous income.
Dairy farming the art of milk productionKayRaymond
This document discusses the importance of supplementing dairy cow feed with microbes. It notes that in East Africa, a key challenge for the dairy industry is the lack of quality feed and nutrients. Supplementing cow feed with microbes can maximize nutrient extraction and utilization, leading to increased milk production while decreasing waste. The microbes break down fibrous feed, produce microbial proteins, and secret enzymes and vitamins. Their inclusion in feed introduces energy, protein and improves overall feed quality and digestibility. Regular supplementation reduces dung output and improves cow health. The document advocates for microbe supplementation as an essential part of sustainable, high-producing dairy farming.
OSTA TRAINING-introduction [Autosaved].pptxDeguTolera
Poultry nutrition is an integral part of poultry production. It has changed drastically as a consequence of developments in the other disciplines of animal science and also because of changes in poultry husbandry practices.
The document discusses nutritional management strategies for livestock during times of scarcity caused by natural calamities. It describes how floods can damage crops, stored feed, and water sources. It recommends using fallen leaves, crop residues, and aquatic plants as alternative feeds during floods. It emphasizes balanced feeding for different classes of livestock based on their nutrient needs. Complete feed blocks and urea treatment of straw are presented as techniques to improve the nutritional value of available feeds.
Pakistan relies on various feed resources to support its livestock population, including crop residues, grazing lands, cultivated fodders, grains, and byproducts. However, there is a large gap between the nutrient requirements of Pakistan's livestock and the available feed supplies. Non-conventional feed resources could help fill this gap by providing alternative feeds that do not compete with human food needs. These include agro-industrial byproducts and plant or animal byproducts. While many non-conventional feeds are available in Pakistan, more research is still needed on their nutritional value and efficient use in livestock diets. Wider adoption of non-conventional feeds could help improve self-sufficiency and reduce production costs.
This document discusses effective fodder utilization and nutrient supplementation in dairy farming. It notes that feeding dairy animals in East and Central Africa has been constrained by lack of quality feeds. While stakeholders have tried to address this, there remains a gap in maximizing nutrient extraction from available feeds and supplementing essential proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins. The document emphasizes the importance of rumen microbes in breaking down fibrous feeds and producing microbial protein. It recommends dairy farmers deliberately maximize nutrient extraction from feeds through strategic fodder utilization and supplementation of microbes, proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins. This ensures optimal milk production, health of dairy cows, and more profitable dairy farming.
This document discusses sugarcane and its byproducts as alternative feed resources for livestock in India. It notes that livestock productivity is currently low in India, partly due to fodder deficits from limited land. Sugarcane and its byproducts like bagasse, trash, and molasses provide opportunities as supplemental feeds. Total mixed rations incorporating these resources in optimized proportions along with other ingredients can provide balanced nutrition to increase livestock yields. Using sugarcane feeds helps address fodder scarcity while utilizing agricultural waste.
1. The document discusses the use of poultry house waste as livestock feed and fertilizer in India.
2. It notes the rapid growth of the poultry industry in India and the large amounts of waste generated.
3. Processing methods for poultry waste are described that can improve its nutritional value and safety for use as livestock feed through methods like drying, stacking, chemical treatment, and ensiling.
Nutritional Strategies to Economize Cost of Production in Dairy AnimalsBrishketu Kumar
This document discusses strategies to economize the cost of dairy animal production through improved feeding practices. It discusses formulating least cost rations and total mixed rations to fully meet animal nutritional needs at lowest cost. Unconventional feeds like agro-industrial byproducts and hydroponic fodder can further reduce costs. Compound cattle feed, urea treatment of straw, complete feed blocks and urea molasses mineral blocks are also recommended. Feeding area specific mineral mixtures and processed feeds can optimize nutrition. Overall, the strategies aim to improve feed efficiency and lower feeding costs which are major expenses in dairy production.
This document provides an overview of red meat production and processing. It discusses:
1) Key aspects of livestock production including production parameters, quality considerations, and environmental issues.
2) Costs of livestock production focusing on pig and cattle production budgets.
3) Description of the red meat processing chain from slaughtering animals through primary and secondary processing to finished product distribution.
The main feedstuffs fed to cattle include: grass, hay, grain, silage and total mixed ration. There are in fact, many types of feeds that can be fed to cattle, for example, crumbles, meals, coarse mix and pellets made from raw material such as corn, wheat, soybean. In this article, Elena Forbes of Azeus Machinery takes a closer look at the processes involved in creating a good quality pellet. With the global demand for cattle feed ever increasing, the need to produce high quality and nutritionally balanced feed has become an essential issue in the feed market.
This document discusses feeding management for poultry. It covers various forms of feed including mash, pellets and crumbles. It also discusses feeding programs, economizing feed costs, reducing waste, and storage. Specific topics covered include feeding chicks, pullets, layers, broilers and breeders. Advantages and disadvantages of different feed forms are provided.
Allied agricultural skills for nutritional, livelihood and economic supportSahely Kanthal
This document discusses various topics related to sustainable agriculture including:
1) By 2050, 80% of the world's population will live in urban areas putting pressure on available farmland. Food production and off-farm jobs can help eliminate hunger and improve livelihoods in rural areas.
2) Mushroom cultivation provides nutritional benefits, generates employment, and improves farmers' incomes. Production requires minimal resources and generates profits.
3) Beekeeping is a source of supplementary income that requires little land or labor. Hives produce honey and support pollination of crops.
The document promotes integrated and sustainable agricultural practices to support food security, rural employment, and farmers' livelihoods in the future.
The document discusses plant-based proteins as a potential substitute for animal-based proteins. It notes that plant-based proteins are growing in popularity due to environmental and ethical concerns with animal agriculture. However, plant-based meats also present some health and nutritional challenges compared to animal proteins. The document analyzes opportunities and impacts related to plant-based proteins across Asia, including leveraging the region's soy and pea production and tailoring products to Asian diets and cultural preferences.
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Tando Allahyar PAKISTANsanaullah noonari
This document summarizes an economic analysis of poultry production in Tando Allahyar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It finds that on average, total fixed costs were Rs. 111,500 per farm, total labor costs were Rs. 168,000, and marketing costs were Rs. 134,000. The average total cost of production was Rs. 679,756 per farm. Revenue from 7212 live birds and 12560 eggs was Rs. 1,096,500 on average. This led to an average net income of Rs. 326,744 and a cost-benefit ratio of 1:0.48, meaning farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 for every Rs. 1 invested. Poultry farming
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Sindh pakistansanaullah noonari
This document presents an economic analysis of poultry production in Tando Allahyar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It finds that the average total fixed cost per farm was Rs. 111,500, and average labor costs were Rs. 168,000 per farm. Marketing costs averaged Rs. 134,000 per farm. The average total cost of production was Rs. 679,756 per farm. Farms averaged annual production of 7,212 live birds and 12,560 eggs, with average annual revenue of Rs. 1,096,500 and net income of Rs. 326,744. The cost-benefit ratio was 1:0.48, meaning farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 in returns for each ru
The document discusses the growth of the chicken meat industry in Asia and Pakistan. It notes that Asia accounts for 35% of global chicken meat production, led by China. Pakistan's chicken meat industry has grown significantly since the 1960s and is now the 7th largest globally. Chicken meat is an important source of protein and nutrients for Pakistanis. It provides many health benefits and helps address deficiencies in animal protein consumption. The industry continues to expand annually in Pakistan.
The document outlines plans to start a poultry farm business called Rato Bhale Poultry Producer in Nepal. The owners have conducted research showing potential for growth in Nepal's poultry market. They plan to establish a farm with 1000 chickens and sell meat to reduce the country's reliance on imports. The summary provides details on the farm location, investments, operations, expected profits, and goals to become a leading local producer.
The document discusses identification and handling of poultry feed ingredients, storage of raw materials, and feeding practices at poultry farms. It then describes feed mills, their purpose of breaking down and mixing feed materials, and their main parts including grinders and mixers. Finally, it outlines different types of feed mills categorized by operation mode, type of grinders used, and type of feed produced such as for poultry or ruminants.
This document discusses different feeding systems used in the poultry industry. It describes ad libitum feeding where birds can eat freely, controlled feeding which is used briefly for young chicks, and forced feeding if birds are denied food for over 36 hours. Restricted feeding methods like skip-a-day feeding, limiting daily intake, or diluting feed are outlined. Phase feeding divides the laying hen production cycle into three stages to better match nutrient levels to production levels and needs.
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Dairy farming the art of milk productionKayRaymond
This document discusses the importance of supplementing dairy cow feed with microbes. It notes that in East Africa, a key challenge for the dairy industry is the lack of quality feed and nutrients. Supplementing cow feed with microbes can maximize nutrient extraction and utilization, leading to increased milk production while decreasing waste. The microbes break down fibrous feed, produce microbial proteins, and secret enzymes and vitamins. Their inclusion in feed introduces energy, protein and improves overall feed quality and digestibility. Regular supplementation reduces dung output and improves cow health. The document advocates for microbe supplementation as an essential part of sustainable, high-producing dairy farming.
OSTA TRAINING-introduction [Autosaved].pptxDeguTolera
Poultry nutrition is an integral part of poultry production. It has changed drastically as a consequence of developments in the other disciplines of animal science and also because of changes in poultry husbandry practices.
The document discusses nutritional management strategies for livestock during times of scarcity caused by natural calamities. It describes how floods can damage crops, stored feed, and water sources. It recommends using fallen leaves, crop residues, and aquatic plants as alternative feeds during floods. It emphasizes balanced feeding for different classes of livestock based on their nutrient needs. Complete feed blocks and urea treatment of straw are presented as techniques to improve the nutritional value of available feeds.
Pakistan relies on various feed resources to support its livestock population, including crop residues, grazing lands, cultivated fodders, grains, and byproducts. However, there is a large gap between the nutrient requirements of Pakistan's livestock and the available feed supplies. Non-conventional feed resources could help fill this gap by providing alternative feeds that do not compete with human food needs. These include agro-industrial byproducts and plant or animal byproducts. While many non-conventional feeds are available in Pakistan, more research is still needed on their nutritional value and efficient use in livestock diets. Wider adoption of non-conventional feeds could help improve self-sufficiency and reduce production costs.
This document discusses effective fodder utilization and nutrient supplementation in dairy farming. It notes that feeding dairy animals in East and Central Africa has been constrained by lack of quality feeds. While stakeholders have tried to address this, there remains a gap in maximizing nutrient extraction from available feeds and supplementing essential proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins. The document emphasizes the importance of rumen microbes in breaking down fibrous feeds and producing microbial protein. It recommends dairy farmers deliberately maximize nutrient extraction from feeds through strategic fodder utilization and supplementation of microbes, proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins. This ensures optimal milk production, health of dairy cows, and more profitable dairy farming.
This document discusses sugarcane and its byproducts as alternative feed resources for livestock in India. It notes that livestock productivity is currently low in India, partly due to fodder deficits from limited land. Sugarcane and its byproducts like bagasse, trash, and molasses provide opportunities as supplemental feeds. Total mixed rations incorporating these resources in optimized proportions along with other ingredients can provide balanced nutrition to increase livestock yields. Using sugarcane feeds helps address fodder scarcity while utilizing agricultural waste.
1. The document discusses the use of poultry house waste as livestock feed and fertilizer in India.
2. It notes the rapid growth of the poultry industry in India and the large amounts of waste generated.
3. Processing methods for poultry waste are described that can improve its nutritional value and safety for use as livestock feed through methods like drying, stacking, chemical treatment, and ensiling.
Nutritional Strategies to Economize Cost of Production in Dairy AnimalsBrishketu Kumar
This document discusses strategies to economize the cost of dairy animal production through improved feeding practices. It discusses formulating least cost rations and total mixed rations to fully meet animal nutritional needs at lowest cost. Unconventional feeds like agro-industrial byproducts and hydroponic fodder can further reduce costs. Compound cattle feed, urea treatment of straw, complete feed blocks and urea molasses mineral blocks are also recommended. Feeding area specific mineral mixtures and processed feeds can optimize nutrition. Overall, the strategies aim to improve feed efficiency and lower feeding costs which are major expenses in dairy production.
This document provides an overview of red meat production and processing. It discusses:
1) Key aspects of livestock production including production parameters, quality considerations, and environmental issues.
2) Costs of livestock production focusing on pig and cattle production budgets.
3) Description of the red meat processing chain from slaughtering animals through primary and secondary processing to finished product distribution.
The main feedstuffs fed to cattle include: grass, hay, grain, silage and total mixed ration. There are in fact, many types of feeds that can be fed to cattle, for example, crumbles, meals, coarse mix and pellets made from raw material such as corn, wheat, soybean. In this article, Elena Forbes of Azeus Machinery takes a closer look at the processes involved in creating a good quality pellet. With the global demand for cattle feed ever increasing, the need to produce high quality and nutritionally balanced feed has become an essential issue in the feed market.
This document discusses feeding management for poultry. It covers various forms of feed including mash, pellets and crumbles. It also discusses feeding programs, economizing feed costs, reducing waste, and storage. Specific topics covered include feeding chicks, pullets, layers, broilers and breeders. Advantages and disadvantages of different feed forms are provided.
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This document discusses various topics related to sustainable agriculture including:
1) By 2050, 80% of the world's population will live in urban areas putting pressure on available farmland. Food production and off-farm jobs can help eliminate hunger and improve livelihoods in rural areas.
2) Mushroom cultivation provides nutritional benefits, generates employment, and improves farmers' incomes. Production requires minimal resources and generates profits.
3) Beekeeping is a source of supplementary income that requires little land or labor. Hives produce honey and support pollination of crops.
The document promotes integrated and sustainable agricultural practices to support food security, rural employment, and farmers' livelihoods in the future.
The document discusses plant-based proteins as a potential substitute for animal-based proteins. It notes that plant-based proteins are growing in popularity due to environmental and ethical concerns with animal agriculture. However, plant-based meats also present some health and nutritional challenges compared to animal proteins. The document analyzes opportunities and impacts related to plant-based proteins across Asia, including leveraging the region's soy and pea production and tailoring products to Asian diets and cultural preferences.
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Tando Allahyar PAKISTANsanaullah noonari
This document summarizes an economic analysis of poultry production in Tando Allahyar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It finds that on average, total fixed costs were Rs. 111,500 per farm, total labor costs were Rs. 168,000, and marketing costs were Rs. 134,000. The average total cost of production was Rs. 679,756 per farm. Revenue from 7212 live birds and 12560 eggs was Rs. 1,096,500 on average. This led to an average net income of Rs. 326,744 and a cost-benefit ratio of 1:0.48, meaning farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 for every Rs. 1 invested. Poultry farming
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Sindh pakistansanaullah noonari
This document presents an economic analysis of poultry production in Tando Allahyar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It finds that the average total fixed cost per farm was Rs. 111,500, and average labor costs were Rs. 168,000 per farm. Marketing costs averaged Rs. 134,000 per farm. The average total cost of production was Rs. 679,756 per farm. Farms averaged annual production of 7,212 live birds and 12,560 eggs, with average annual revenue of Rs. 1,096,500 and net income of Rs. 326,744. The cost-benefit ratio was 1:0.48, meaning farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 in returns for each ru
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The document outlines plans to start a poultry farm business called Rato Bhale Poultry Producer in Nepal. The owners have conducted research showing potential for growth in Nepal's poultry market. They plan to establish a farm with 1000 chickens and sell meat to reduce the country's reliance on imports. The summary provides details on the farm location, investments, operations, expected profits, and goals to become a leading local producer.
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The document discusses identification and handling of poultry feed ingredients, storage of raw materials, and feeding practices at poultry farms. It then describes feed mills, their purpose of breaking down and mixing feed materials, and their main parts including grinders and mixers. Finally, it outlines different types of feed mills categorized by operation mode, type of grinders used, and type of feed produced such as for poultry or ruminants.
This document discusses different feeding systems used in the poultry industry. It describes ad libitum feeding where birds can eat freely, controlled feeding which is used briefly for young chicks, and forced feeding if birds are denied food for over 36 hours. Restricted feeding methods like skip-a-day feeding, limiting daily intake, or diluting feed are outlined. Phase feeding divides the laying hen production cycle into three stages to better match nutrient levels to production levels and needs.
This document discusses proper handling and storage of raw materials for poultry feed. It outlines requirements for raw material storage facilities like concrete floors, ventilation, and weatherproof construction. Enemies of raw material quality include insects, moisture, heat and mold. Friends include proper aeration, uniform temperature control, and inter-bin transfer systems. The document recommends traditional bag storage in warehouses or more advanced silo systems for grains, noting concrete, stainless steel, and fabric silos as options.
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page No.
Brief Overview 1
Product Portfolio 2
Inputs 3
Production Process 5
Supply Chain 6
Life stages 7
Global | Production and Consumption 8
Domestic Overview 9
Usage 10
Price Dynamics 11
Cost Break Up 12
Contents Page No.
Regulatory and Duty 13
Business Risk 14
Financial Risk 16
Rating Curve 18
SWOT Analysis 19
Conclusion / Outlook 20
3. POULTRY FEED | BRIEF OVERVIEW
Source: Allied Market Research
Poultry feed is used by farmers as the main source of nutrition for poultry birds, including
broilers, layers and day-old chicks (DOCs).
Modern poultry feed is developed by specifically choosing and combining ingredients to
provide a high quality diet that preserves both the health of poultry birds and increases
the production of end products such as eggs and meat.
The basic nutrients needed by poultry birds for development, reproduction, maintenance
and health includes minerals, vitamin, carbohydrates, proteins and water.
Poultry feed is made with a combination of various inputs such as soybean seeds, soybean
meal, maize, fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polish.
There are primarily four distinct types of poultry feed provided to chicken at various life
stages and in three distinct forms. These are starter, grower, layer and broiler poultry feed.
The poultry feed conversion rate is recorded around ~1.5x in Pakistan – the lower the rate,
the better it is.
1
4. Broiler poultry feed has a
very high volume of protein
for the rapid growth of the
broiler. The feed helps the
broiler develop very rapidly
in 2 months. The main
ingredient here is fish meal.
It is enriched with proteins
that helps in growth.
The layer poultry feed is fed
after they have started their
first egg laying cycle. This
poultry feed mainly
constitutes of wheat. It
helps in development and
rapid production of eggs and
has a high level calcium,
which is useful for egg laying
poultry birds.
The grower poultry feed has
lesser protein content than
starter. It is used after 4-6
weeks of feeding with chick
starter. The main ingredient
in it is maize. That helps in
preparing their body and
reproductive organs for
the egg-laying activities
Product Portfolio
POULTRY FEED | PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
Source: PACRA Internal Database
Starter poultry feed is a
protein-dense variety of
chicken feed intended to
fulfill baby chicks' dietary
requirements. The main
ingredient in it is soybean
meal. It offers a high
concentration of protein,
i.e., around 40-48%
proteins.
2
5. Maize
POULTRY FEED | INPUTS
Source: FAO
Maize has been globally recognized as a major energy poultry feed component. In a broiler
starter diet, maize contributes approximately 65% of the metabolizable energy and 20% of
the protein. It is by far the most widely used cereal grain in the diets of intensively reared
poultry.
As the key oilseed, soybean is cultivated as a commercial crop in over 35 countries. It
provides a high quantity of protein subjected to various processing, such that the oil sector
produces multiple types of by-products that are used in poultry feed (cakes, expellers,
oilseed meal).
Soybean Meal:
Soybean Seeds:
Soybean meal, primarily used as a protein supplement, but also as a source of
metabolizable energy, is in food and poultry feed. Usually, 1 bushel of soybeans (i.e. 60lbs.
or 27.2kg) yields 48lbs. (21.8kg) of meal with soybeans. After oil extraction, some, but not
all, soybean meal is produced from the residue remaining.
3
6. Sunflower Meal
POULTRY FEED | INPUTS
Source: FAO
The byproduct of grinding sunflower seed for oil is sunflower meal. SFM's nutrient content
varies with the method of refining that is used to remove the oil. Solvent extracted SFM
has higher protein concentrations and lower oil and fiber concentrations relative to
mechanical SFM extracted.
Fishmeal is an excellent source of protein for poultry birds. It contains a good balance of
amino acids, including methionine and lysine. In addition to high levels of essential amino
acids, fishmeal has a good balance of unsaturated fatty acids, certain minerals (available
phosphorus), and vitamins (A, D, and B-complex).
Rice Polish:
Fish Meal:
Rice polishing is a rice milling by-product which is the cheapest source of energy and
protein for feeding poultry. It makes up about 10% of the paddy and is available in vast
amounts in the world's main rice growing areas. It is a decent source of protein, energy,
minerals and vitamins.
4
7. POULTRY FEED | PROCESS FLOW
Oil Seeds
Edible Oils
Edible Oils Extraction Refinery
Cattle Farms
Poultry Feed Mill
Meal
Maize
Poultry Farms
Source: PACRA Internal Database 5
Poultry feed Industry majorly involves the following steps:
Step 1: Inputs of poultry feed both domestically produce (Maize) and
global imported (Soybean seeds and Soybean meal) are first
collected.
Step 2: These inputs are then sent to feed mills in order to form the
mixture - poultry feed.
Step 3: This mixture is transferred to poultry farms for consumption
by poultry birds.
9. Pattern as per Poultry Bird’s Age
POULTRY FEED | CONSUMPTION
Source: PACRA Internal Database
LAYER
Age Feed Consumption (g/day)
1-17 Weeks Old 13-80
18+ Weeks Old 100-500
Age Feed Consumption (g/day)
1-5 Weeks Old 10-100
5-9 Weeks Old 100-200
BROILER
Type of Feed Bird’s Age
Starter 0-2 Weeks
Grower 2-4 Weeks
Finisher Last 10 Days
Total Cycle 35-45 Days
Type of Feed Bird’s Age
Starter 0-8 Weeks
Grower 8-16 Weeks
Pre-layer 16-18 Weeks
Eggs Laying Starts 18 Weeks
Layer Till Peak 19-32 Weeks
Layer Post Peak After 32 Weeks
7
10. Key Inputs – Production and Consumption
POULTRY FEED | GLOBAL MARKET
Source: USDA
900
950
1,000
1,050
1,100
1,150
1,200
CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20
Million
MT
Maize
Production Consumption
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20
Million
MT
Soybean
Production Consumption
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20
Million
MT
Soybean Meal
Production Consumption
0
5
10
15
20
25
CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20
Million
MT
Sunflower Meal
Production Consumption
8
11. An Overview
POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: PPA, PACRA Internal Database
PARAMETERS FY19 FY20
Revenue (PKR bln) 400 396
Contribution to Nominal GDP 1.1% 0.9%
Feed share in poultry input cost 75%-80% 75%-80%
RegisteredPlayers 150 150
UnregisteredPlayers 200 200
Association PPA PPA
Installed Annual Capacity - mln MT 8 8
Production – mln MT* 3.4 3.4
Utilized 43% 43%
Pakistan’s poultry feed turnover was recorded at PKR~396bln in FY20
(PKR~400bln in FY19) down by 1% primarily because of the fall in demand due
to COVID-19.
The sector is fragmented; there are a total of ~150 registered feed mills, and
~200 unregistered feed mills catering Pakistan’s feed sector.
Over PKR~190bln worth of agricultural produce and agricultural by-products are
currently being used in poultry feeds (becoming part of the larger agriculture
value chain).
The county’s installed production capacity was recorded around 8mln MTs in
FY20 (~8mln MTs – FY19). Average utilized capacity for FY20 is estimated around
~43% (~43% in FY19). On the other side, the annual feed consumption has fallen
by around ~17% in FY20 (in MTs), creating a supply surplus situation for the
Sector.
Poultry feed’s key ingredient, maize, is grown only in the province of Punjab,
which is highly dependent on the nature of climate whereas other key inputs like
soybean seeds and soybean meal are mostly imported from other countries.
Poultry Feed is mostly used in controlled sheds where 90% of the sales is made
on credit, thus all sector players are subject to credit risk from their customers.
*Production and utilization percentage is estimated using average data of 5 Sector Players
9
12. Poultry Feed Usage
POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: The Economic Survey of Pakistan, PPA
Annual Average Feed Consumption
(KGs) | FY20
BroilerFarming
Per Grand Parent Stock 100
Per Parent Stock 64
Per Broiler 3.5
Layer Farming
Per Parent Stock 40
Per Commercial Layer 40
Poultry Birds Units-FY20
BroilerFarming
Grand Parent – 000 375
Parent Stock-mln 13
Broiler-mln 1,520
Layer Farming
Parent Stock – 000 850
Commercial Layer-mln 42
Feed Usage
Broiler Farming FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
Grand Parent Stock – 000 Tons 36 36 35 33 38
Parent Stock – 000 Tons 780 780 787 800 820
Broiler – 000 Tons 5,600 5,600 5,177 4,331 4,032
Layer Farming
Parent Stock – 000 Tons 46.3 37.9 38.7 32 34
Commercial Layer – 000 Tons 3,000 3,313 3,037 2,800 1,680
Total Feed 9,463 9,767 9,075 7,996 6,604
10
Total poultry feed consumption for FY20 was recorded at ~6.6mln MTs (~7.9mln MTs in
FY19), down by ~17% YOY.
The highest decline is attributed to commercial layer feed consumption which dropped by
~40% in FY20 YoY basis. Broiler feed consumption, on the other hand, took a dip of ~7% in
FY20.
Among poultry birds, commercial layers have the highest per bird consumption of feed.
While poultry feed consumption per broiler is quoted around 3.5Kgs, poultry feed
consumption per commercial layer is around 40Kgs.
13. Price Dynamics
POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: World Bank, Sector sources
Input Price Change - Jul'20-Dec'20
Maize +23.1%
Soybean Seeds +22.7%
Soybean Meal +27.1%
Fish Meal -1.4%
INPUT PRICES OUTPUT PRICE
Price Increase 1QFY21-2QFY21
Poultry Feed 14.4%
Note: The exchange rate have remained constant
The sale price of poultry feed in 1HFY21 rose by ~14.4%
whereas a greater rise in input prices as compared to
sale price of poultry feed was observed. This reflects
that the margins for period following FY20 were
compressed.
Inputs - $/MT FY19 FY20 1QFY21 2QY21
Maize 217 168 156 192
Soybeans seed 371 377 396 486
Soybeans meal 347 371 380 483
Fish meal 1,487 1,441 1,479 1,459
Sunflower Meal 768 802 867 890
Poultry Feed FY19 FY20 1QFY21 2QFY21
Sale Price PKR/Kg 2,376 2,569 3,085 3,530
11
14. Inputs – Cost Break-Up
POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: Agriculture Marketing Information Service, Index Mundi and Sector Sources
Cost as % of Feed Mix (PKR/kg)
Inputs FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 1HFY21
Maize 12 12 15 18 18 19
Soybeans Meal 11 12 14 17 17 24
Rice Polish 2 2 2 2 2 2
Fish Meal 2 2 2 2 2 2
Sunflower Meal 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 3 3 3 3 3 3
Total Cost 31 32 37 43 43 51
50%
28%
10%
3%
3%
6%
% Share in Poultry Feed Mix
Maize
Soybeans Meal
Rice Polish
Fish Meal
Sunflower Meal
Other
12
Poultry feed mix comprises various ingredients, however, the key ingredients in
mixture are maize and soyabean meal having a share of 50% and 28% respectively.
It can observed that the cost of these ingredients as a percentage of feed mix for
FY20 remained consistent with previous year. However later, for 1HFY21 the cost
of maize and soybean meal represented significant fluctuations.
15. POULTRY FEED | DUTY STRUCTURE
Source: SBP 13
PCT Description Custom Duty
FY19 FY20
23.08
Vegetable materials and vegetable
waste, vegetable residues and
byproducts, whether or not in the
form of pellets, of a kind used in
animal feeding
11% 11%
23.09
Preparations of a kind used in animal
feeding.
20% 20%
84.36
Machinery for preparing animal
feeding stuffs
0% 0%
Tax Structure
FY20
Sales Tax (Soyabean Meal) 17%
Sales Tax-Sunflower meal, rapeseed meal,
Canola meal
Exempt
Sales Tax (Poultry feed) Exempt
Minimum Tax O.75%
There is no change in duty and tax structure of
poultry feed sector since the previous Sector
Research.
16. Business Risk – Demand Side
POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: The Economic Survey of Pakistan, PPA
The business risk of poultry feed sector can be divided into operating risk and
sales risk.
Operating Risk: This risk particularly refers to the difficulties relating to the
operations of the poultry feed players which can hamper the profitability
and performance of the sector. Poultry feed sector inputs include both local
inputs and imported inputs. The Sector’s costs are therefore subject to
exchange rate volatility and international poultry feed prices to the extent
of the imported raw materials. Other unavoidable factors include rising
inflation rates alongside import duties and sales tax structure of the sector
which also indirectly impacts the profit making capacity of the sector
players. This risk is further discussed in detail in the next sheet.
Sales Risk: This risk is focused on the demand side of the poultry feed
chain. The poultry feed sector mainly receives its demand from the poultry
sector. Any disruption in demand from poultry sector can hamper the
demand of this sector significantly. Closure of restaurants, hotels and
marriage halls amid Covid-19 induced lockdown, had an indirect and effect
on the sale of poultry products leading to an impact on poultry feed sales.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
1000
TONS
DEMAND BY LAYER VS BROILER
Broiler Commercial Layer
14
17. Business Risk – Margins and Cost Structure
POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: PACRA Internal Database
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
MARGINS
Gross Margin Operating Margin Net Income
87%
1%
1%
1%
10%
COST BREAK-UP | FY20
Raw Material
Salaries, Wages and Benefits
Energy
Depreciation and Amortization
Others
Unlike poultry sector, poultry feeds sector’s margins improved in FY20, with net profit margin increasing slightly to 2.4% (FY19: ~2.1%) and gross
margin rising to ~9.5% (FY19: ~8.0%). It is, however, pertinent to state that the prices of feed/bag had been on a gradual increase since 2HFY20,
while prices of input stock spiked in 1HFY21. Therefore, the increase in costs is expected to be absorbed by the players following FY20 and impact
the margins at gross level.
On the contrary, since the sector is highly leveraged, an interest rate cut by 625bps is expected to reduce finance costs and provide relief to the
bottomline margin to certain extent.
The largest component within direct costs is raw material comprising ~87% of the total manufacturing cost. The major raw material for this sector
are maize, soybean seeds and soybean meal and has been impacted by the decline local poultry feed production and rising prices of its
components, both locally and internationally, in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic.
Note: Margins and Cost break-up are estimated using data of 5 sector players
15
18. POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Source: PACRA Internal Database 16
Financial Risk - Working Capital Management
Net (average) working capital cycle of poultry sector increased to ~144 days in FY20 from ~110 days in FY19. This is due to the decline in
demand in the period resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trade receivable days increased to ~67 days in FY20 (~53 days in FY19). Moreover, trade payable days also increased to ~62 days in FY20(~53
days in FY19).
The inventory breakup for FY20 comprises raw material and finished goods having a share of 96% and 4% respectively. Most of the Sector
players, in anticipation of price increase of raw material made early procurements during the year., resulting in a high level of RM inventory
at period end.
0
50
100
150
200
FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
Days
WORKING CAPITAL CYCLE
Inventories Days Trade Recievables Days
Trade Payable Days Net Working Capital
96%
4%
INVENTORY BREAK-UP | FY20
Raw Material
Finished Goods
Note: Working Capital and inventory break-up are estimated using data of 5 sector players
19. POULTRY FEED | DOMESTIC MARKET
Financial Risk - Borrowing Mix
Source: SBP 17
The poultry feed’s total borrowings for FY20 stood at PKR~43,439mln
(PKR~35,531mln FY19) a spike of ~22.2% YoY basis.
The adjacent graph shows the sector’s average borrowing mix. The largest
component in this borrowing mix is represented by short term borrowings
(STBs) that make up ~78.2% for FY20 (~78.3% in FY19) of the total
borrowings. This increase is corroborated by the fact that average
inventory position of poultry feed players was recorded at an inventory of
~144 days as at End-June’20, which is a significantly high level, due to
shortage of demand amid Covid-19 induced lockdown. Reliance on STBs
were necessitated to manage Working capital needs. Due to this, the
leverage ratio increased to ~62% in FY20 (~57% in FY19).
During FY20, the long term borrowing occupied a portion of ~14.8% in
borrowing mix, lesser than the previous year ~12.4%.
6%
78%
15%
1%
BORROWING MIX | FY20
Import Financing
Short-Term Loans
Long-Term Loans
Others
59.90%
62.40%
53.48%
57.15%
62.40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
Leverage Ratio
20. POULTRY FEED |RATING CURVE
Source: SBP 18
BBB+ BBB BBB- BB+ BB BB- B+ B B-
Series1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
1
2
3
RATINGS - PACRA PACRA rates five of the players of
poultry feed industry - Sadiq Feeds,
Mumtaz Feeds & Allied Industries,
Islamabad Feeds, Nizami Feeds & Hi-
Tec Feeds.
No other change has occurred in the
ratings of these five players.
21. POULTRY FEED | SWOT ANALYSIS
Continuous availability of raw material and labor
Reduction of policy rate
Stability of exchange rate for raw material
Simple to operate controlled shed
Available capacity
Government incentives and ease policies
Strengths Weaknesses
Threats Opportunities
Fluctuations in economic conditions
Poor Infrastructure
High competition
Accessibility of inputs
Lack of required regulation by the government of
Pakistan
Exchange Rate fluctuations
Shortage of raw materials
Increased research and development
Economic recovery
Increase income per capita
No brand loyalty
Vast distribution
Modernization of technology used
Lack of research and development
initiatives
Outdated technology used for making a
mixture of poultry feed
Highly fragmented sector
Perishable Items
Prevailing uncertainty due to COVID-19
Addition of preservatives and Steroids
19
22. Sector Outlook: Negative
POULTRY FEED | CONCLUSION
The first wave of Covid-19 had a direct impact on poultry demand due to closure of restaurants and marriage halls across the country.
The impact later trickled down to the feed sector too which resulted in a decline of ~17% in poultry feed consumption in FY20 from SPLY
(in MTs).
The Input prices have gone up. Soybean Meal prices are dependent on global demand supply dynamics and exchange trade. Soybean
prices have spiked by ~42% over the period of 1HFY21. The prices are forecasted to continue to increase in the near future. The local
sector players, considering the current supply availability and demand uncertainty due to Covid-19 induced restriction, may not be in a
position to raise the prices in line with the increase in input costs. This may negatively impact the already thin margins of the sector
players.
Maize, locally produced, had its prices soar up by ~23% due to hoarding by farmers during 1HFY21. Maize crop is grown twice a year.
The uncertainty in demand from poultry segment forced most growers to stay on the sidelines and move to more profitable crops (with
support prices).
The duty structure on import of soybean meal and soybean seeds also leads to an increase in the input cost of the players. Lately, the
PPA has appealed to the GoP to consider reducing import duties and revising sales tax structure of the Sector to enable them sustain
profitability.
The Sector is highly leveraged (~62% in FY20). Any stretch on profitability can impact the free cashflows and resultantly the debt
servicing capacity of the players. On the positive side, the interest rates have gown down by 625bps, which is expected to reduce
finance costs and provide a relief to the net margins to certain extent.
20
23. POULTRY FEED | BIBLIOGRAPHY
Research
Team
SaniyaTauseef
Team Lead
saniya.tauseef@pacra.com
Contact Number: +92 42 35869504
DISCLAIMER
PACRA has used due care in preparation of this document. Our information has been obtained from sources we consider to be reliable but its accuracy or completeness is not
guaranteed. The information in this document may be copied or otherwise reproduced, in whole or in part, provided the source is duly acknowledged. The presentation should not be
relied upon as professional advice.
21
Pakistan Poultry Association
Allied Market Research
PACRA Internal Database
Food and Agriculture Organization
Springerlink
United States department of Agriculture
Agriculture Marketing Information Service Index
Mundi
The Economic Survey of Pakistan
World Bank
State Bank of Pakistan