![3200+ probes
globally
• Filtered out all the probes that are clearly installed in privileged locations,
e.g., in datacenters, ISP infrastructure, from our measurements using their
user-defined tags – 3200+ probes in 166 countries
• Measured end-to-end [probe-to-cloud] latencies via ICMP pings every two
hours
• Results based on nine months of data collected since September 2019
[~3.2M datapoints]
• Dataset is available for public use*
*check out paper for the link
Cloud Reachability
Measurements](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hotnetsppt-topublish-210214164739/85/Pruning-Edge-Research-with-Latency-Shears-10-320.jpg)
![Least possible latency to cloud
• 32 countries can access cloud < 10ms
& 21 countries (totaling 70% world
population) can access cloud between
10 – 20 ms [MTP bound]
• 80% of the probes (and every probe
in EU, NA & SA) can reach cloud
within < 100ms [PL bound]
• Almost every probe (except few in
Africa) can access cloud < 250 ms
[HRT bound]
For detailed results, please refer to the paper](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hotnetsppt-topublish-210214164739/85/Pruning-Edge-Research-with-Latency-Shears-12-320.jpg)
![Latency at last-mile
Wired
120
110
100
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
RTT
(ms)
Wireless
2.5x
• Many previous studies over LTE and WiFi have shown last-mile
to be the major bottleneck due to frequent packet drops,
buffebloating due to handovers, etc. [1][2]
• Filtered probes tagged “ethernet, broadband, ..” as wired and
“lte, wifi, wlan, ..” as wireless in similar regions connecting to
same cloud DC
• Results show users can experience 10-40 ms longer when
accessing over wireless (in line with previous studies [3])
• 5G promises shorter latencies (≈1 ms) but recent investigations
report otherwise [4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hotnetsppt-topublish-210214164739/85/Pruning-Edge-Research-with-Latency-Shears-15-320.jpg)
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Pruning Edge Research with Latency Shears
- 1. Pruning Edge Research withLatency Shears ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets) 2020 Nitinder Mohan𝚫 Lorenzo CorneoΦ Aleksandr ZavodovskiΦ Suzan BayhanΘ Walter Wong ⊺ Jussi Kangasharju ⊺ 𝚫 Technical University of Munich ΦUppsala University ΘUniversity of Twente ⊺ University of Helsinki
- 2.
- 3.
- 4. Cloud Next Generation Applications Edge Edge Edge “Next-generation applicationsimpose strict latency and bandwidth demands that current cloud infrastructure cannot satisfy”* *Introduction section of (almost) every edge computing research paper and blog
- 5. 10MB >1TB 100MB 10GB100GB 5ms 1hr 50ms 100ms 10min Required Latency Data generated/entity Requirements of Next- Generation Applications Motion-to-Photon (10-20ms) Perceivable Latency (80-100ms) Human Reaction Time Delay between input and effect Results in motion sickness Latency becomes noticeable to user Results in lags (230-250ms) Delay between stimulus and response Delays active human engagement
- 6. High latency, Smalldata Low latency, Small data Low latency, Large data High latency, Large data Requirements of Next- Generation Applications
- 7. Can the cloudreally not support the requirements of these applications?
- 8. 101 cloud regions from7 major cloud providers Cloud Reachability Measurements
- 9.
- 10. 3200+ probes globally • Filteredout all the probes that are clearly installed in privileged locations, e.g., in datacenters, ISP infrastructure, from our measurements using their user-defined tags – 3200+ probes in 166 countries • Measured end-to-end [probe-to-cloud] latencies via ICMP pings every two hours • Results based on nine months of data collected since September 2019 [~3.2M datapoints] • Dataset is available for public use* *check out paper for the link Cloud Reachability Measurements
- 11. Least possible latencyto cloud
- 12. Least possible latencyto cloud • 32 countries can access cloud < 10ms & 21 countries (totaling 70% world population) can access cloud between 10 – 20 ms [MTP bound] • 80% of the probes (and every probe in EU, NA & SA) can reach cloud within < 100ms [PL bound] • Almost every probe (except few in Africa) can access cloud < 250 ms [HRT bound] For detailed results, please refer to the paper
- 13. So where isthe latency?
- 14. MTP PL HRT PL“always” achievable in EU, NA, AU, not elsewhere You have to be insanely lucky to reach cloud within MTP bounds Almost everyone can reach cloud within HRT except Africa and parts of Asia
- 15. Latency at last-mile Wired 120 110 100 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 RTT (ms) Wireless 2.5x •Many previous studies over LTE and WiFi have shown last-mile to be the major bottleneck due to frequent packet drops, buffebloating due to handovers, etc. [1][2] • Filtered probes tagged “ethernet, broadband, ..” as wired and “lte, wifi, wlan, ..” as wireless in similar regions connecting to same cloud DC • Results show users can experience 10-40 ms longer when accessing over wireless (in line with previous studies [3]) • 5G promises shorter latencies (≈1 ms) but recent investigations report otherwise [4]
- 16. Revisiting Edge-Enabling Applications 10MB >1TB 100MB10GB 100GB 1hr 50ms 100ms 10min Smart home Weather Smart city Wearables Camera/ Traffic Monitoring Required Latency Data generated/entity D2D <$100Bn $100-300Bn $300-700Bn >$700Bn Streaming Remote Surgery Farm 360o video AR/VR Gaming AV MTP HRT PL 10ms Edge FZ
- 17. 10MB >1TB 100MB 10GB100GB 1hr 50ms 100ms 10min Smart home Weather Smart city Wearables Camera/ Traffic Monitoring Required Latency Data generated/entity D2D <$100Bn $100-300Bn $300-700Bn >$700Bn Streaming Remote Surgery Farm 360o video AR/VR Gaming AV MTP HRT PL 10ms Latency Feasibility Zone • Lower threshold is 10 ms limited by current wireless last-mile access performance • Higher threshold is Human Reaction Time as current cloud deployment can easily support it Revisiting Edge-Enabling Applications
- 18. Bandwidth Feasibility Zone Bandwidthaggregation gains for Edge doesn’t make sense for sensors producing small data volume • Lower threshold is set at 1GB/sensor based on our measurements* • Higher threshold is as much as possible 10MB >1TB 100MB 10GB 100GB 1hr 50ms 100ms 10min Smart home Weather Smart city Wearables Camera/ Traffic Monitoring Required Latency Data generated/entity D2D <$100Bn $100-300Bn $300-700Bn >$700Bn Streaming Remote Surgery Farm 360o video AR/VR Gaming AV MTP HRT PL 10ms 1GB Revisiting Edge-Enabling Applications
- 19. 10MB >1TB 100MB 10GB100GB 1hr 50ms 100ms 10min Smart home Weather Smart city Wearables Camera/ Traffic Monitoring Required Latency Data generated/entity D2D <$100Bn $100-300Bn $300-700Bn >$700Bn Streaming Remote Surgery Farm 360o video AR/VR Gaming AV MTP HRT PL 10ms 1GB Edge Feasibility Zone • Edge makes sense for only few applications • Many hyped applications do not really benefit from edge • Market share of “sweet spot” is relatively small Revisiting Edge-Enabling Applications
- 20. We do notherald the end of Edge Computing! Privacy via local processing Trust and Security Distributed AI Bandwidth aggregation The purpose of our work is to sway research perception away from latency-centric hype and towards areas where edge is truly beneficial Dataset: https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1574595