additive manufacturing

1. LITERATURE REVIEW
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai-600036
Additive Manufacturing
NITIN GOTIYA
(ME21D066)
Guide
Dr. Somashekhar S Hiremath

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Material & properties
• Application
• Motivation
• Future

3. • Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing process that creates a physical object from a digital design.
The process works by laying down thin layers of material in the form of liquid or powdered plastic, metal or composite,
and then fusing the layers together by a binder or given energy source.
• The fabricated structures by 3D printing (shape change) have been developed so that can transform their geometry
precisely from a flat shape to a deployed configuration in response to an environmental stimulus
• Different 3D printing process:-
1. Vat photopolymerization.
2. Powder bed fusion.
3. Material extrusion.
4. Material jetting.
5. Binder jetting.
6. Sheet lamination.
7. Directed energy deposition.

4. Material stimuli
smart
material
Thermo
responsive
Photo
responsive
mechanical
responsive
Hydrogels
responsive
Electro-
magneto
responsive
poly- N-isopropyl
acrylamide
Coacrylic acid
Nitinol(Nickel-Titanium)
chromophore
Ethanol & silicon
Printed active composite

5. Material

6. Work Approach
Author material Result outcome
Deepak sharma
et.al
PLA, TPU In-plane energy experimental efficiency 0.453
Out-plane highest energy efficiency is 0.470
A combination of materials showed improved
energy absorption efficiency.
Deepak sharma
et.al
ABS
(bird’s feather)
Decrease in unit cell increased in normalized stiffness.
Out panel show high stiffness, in-panel showed higher
energy absorption.
Change in orientation increase the flexural performance
& and increases the energy absorption performane

7. Approach
1-Material making 2-Printing process 3-Analysis

8. Requirements
Felfil filament extrusion

9. Application
• Automotives-tyres, body part,
• Electronics- soft robotics, 3D circuits
• Aerospace- nitinol is generally used for part of
satellites, air craft, flight wings
• Marine- Ship and boats repairing part
• Biomedical-drug delivery, tissue fabrication, suitable
organ regeneration, orthopedic model, stents,
artificial muscle
Figure: doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109771

10. material 3D printed stimulus Response time feature application
PLA/Spring Steel
Strip
FDM Temperature 70s Enhance the
property of
thermos plastic
Sensor and
actuator
PLA/Fe3O4 FDM Magnetism 5-8 sec in hot
water
Rr=95.8% Bone tissue
printing
PLA/CNT FDM Temperature Deformation
1mm/sec
129s
Rr=81.3-85.3% Smart actuator
PLA/Fe3O4 FDM Magnetism 10s Rr=95% Liquid sensor
PU/MWNT FDM Thermal and
Voltage
42-230s Rr=100% Wearable sensor
PLA/15%
Hydroxyapatite
FDM Temperature 60s Rr=98% Self-fitting
implant for bone
replacement
Castor oil mixed
with HD or PH
FDM Temperature 30-180s Rr=100% Medicine
application

11. Motivation
• 4D printing has a vast area of application in the new field of automobiles, aerospace, biomedical, and
many more. By seeing the application and idea it would be very good for me to work in this area.
Challenges
• The smart material should be printable.
• Only a few smart materials can be printed by using printing technology
• More technological innovation is required to produce new printing technology so that smart materials
can be easily printed
• Material should be changed into power, pallets or wire

12. Future
• They can sustain harsh environmental conditions, as parts can be self-
assemble they can be used in parts of satellites and aircraft.
• They can be used in automobiles for making body parts that can
change their color in a different environment and change body part
functionalities.
• It has a very big future in the biomedical field due to its properties it
can