1. This course is prepared under the Erasmus+ KA-210-YOU Project titled
«Skilling Youth for the Next Generation Air Transport Management»
Sustainability
Management in Aviation
Environmental dimension – Aircraft noise – Part III
Prof. Dr. Frank Fichert
Worms University of Applied Sciences
2. ICAO Annex 16, Volume I
Standards for noise emissions of aircraft
(type certification)
Maximum emissions for three
measurement points:
• Approach
• Lateral
• Flyover
Aircraft noise – Part III 2
Standards for aircraft technology
Source: ICAO
3. ICAO Annex 16, Volume I
Permitted noise emissions depend on maximum take-off mass (MTOM)
(and number of engines for noise during take off) – subsonic jet aircraft
Chapter 2 standards (Type certification before 6 Oct 1977)
Chapter 3 standards (Type certification between 6 Oct 1977
and 31 Dec 2005 (subsonic jet aircraft))
Chapter 4 standards (Type certification between 1 Jan 2006
and 31 Dec 2017)
Chapter 14 standards (Type certification since 1 Jan 2018 -
1 Jan 2022 for aircraft with MTOM below 55 t)
Aircraft noise – Part III 3
Standards for aircraft technology
4. ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3 standards, approach
Aircraft noise – Part III 4
Standards for aircraft technology
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
5,7 35 280 500
EPNdB
MTOM (in t)
Calculation: EPNdB for 35 to 280 t MTOM = 86.03 + 7.75 * log MTOM
5. ICAO Annex 16, Volume I
Chapter 4 standards:
Chapter 3 limits have to be undercut by 10 dB
(sum of all three measurement points - and additional requirements
regarding minimum improvements at the measurement points)
Chapter 14 standards:
Chapter 4 limits have to be undercut by additional 7 dB
(with even higher reduction for aircraft with MTOM below 10 t)
Aircraft noise – Part III 5
Standards for aircraft technology
6. ICAO Annex 16 refers to type certification
(=> production of aircraft that only fulfill older requirement still possible)
Additionally: Standards for fleet of domestic (!) airlines:
=> US and EU with ‘non addition’ and ‘phase out’ rules
for Chapter 2 aircraft (until 2002)
Additionally: Restrictions at airports
=> General (e.g. EU directive 92/14EEC) – with exemptions
=> Airport specific (general or for specific time periods)
Aircraft noise – Part III 6
Standards for aircraft technology
7. Please think about and/or discuss within a group:
Pros and cons of different ‘command and control’ instruments
based on Annex 16
Aircraft noise – Part III 7
Discussion
Please find potential answers on file ‘Sust Material 03-02’
=> Please then continue with video/slides ‘Sust S/V 03-02’
