normal bilirubin metabolism, jaundice types, etiology, pathogenesis and sign and symptoms

1. Pathophysiology
JAUNDICE
Nem Kumar Jain
MS (Pharm.) Pharmacology & Toxicology
Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy
ITM University Gwalior

2. Jaundice
• Jaundice is characterized by yellow pigmentation of
skin, sclera, mucus membrane and/or interstitial fluid
by bilirubin
• Result of elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood
known as Hyperbilirubinemia
• Normal serum bilirubin concentration is 0.3-1.2 mg/dl
• At hyperbilirubinemia above 2.5 mg/dl, jaundice
becomes evident
• Hyperbilirubinemia may be bacuase of total bilirubin,
unconjugated bilirubin or conjugated bilirubin

3. Normal Bilirubin Metabolism

4. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Jaundice

5. Types
• Hemolytic/ prehepatic Jaundice
• Hepatic jaundice (Intrahepatic)
• Billiary/ extrahepatic jaundice
• Physiologic jaundice of newborn: due to
inefficient conjugation of bilirubin in liver may
lead to kernicterus (when bilirubin
accumulates in central nervous system and
causes brain damage)

6. Sign and Symptoms
• Yellow skin
• Icterus (yellow sclera)
• excessive tiredness (fatigue),
• tummy (abdominal) pain,
• weight loss,
• being sick (vomiting),
• itching,
• high temperature (fever),
• pale stools (faeces) and
• dark urine