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1. Cytoplasm and
Cytoskeleton
By: Tim Yacoub and Lizette
Magdaleno

2. Cytoskeleton Overview
 Cytoskeleton is a “network of fibers that
extend[s] throughout the cytoplasm,”(113).
 It’s three structures: microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
 It helps with the organization of activities, cell
mobility, and structure of the cell

3. Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
 In all eukaryotic cells, Shape: hallow tubes
 Made from protein called tubulin by centrioles
 Help shape and support the cell, Compression-
resistant, function as roads for mobile organelles
to move along.
 Aid in chromosome separation in cell division.
 Special arrangement of microtubules form flagella
and cilia.

4. Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments
 In all eukaryotic cells, Shape: thin solid rods
 Made from a globular protein: Actin, (twisted
double chain of actin subunits).
 Functions as a tension bearer, networks inside the
plasma membrane to support cell shape, this
layer is called a cortex.
 Well known for its aid in cell movement, actin,
along with Myosin interact, for example, to
contract muscle cells

5. Cytoskeleton: Intermediate
Filaments
 Coiled cables, larger than microfilaments but
smaller than microtubules
 Made of several proteins similar to keratins
 Only in some animal cells , bears tension (like
microfilaments)
 More of a permanent structure within the
cytoskeleton
 Reinforces shape of cell, and anchors certain
organelles within the cytoplasm

6. Cytoplasm Overview
 Cytoplasm is “the contents of the cell
bounded by the plasma membrane, in
eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the
nucleus.” (G-9)

7. Cytoplasm: Structure
 It is the Fluid where the cellular organelles are
suspended.
 It fills up all the spaces in the cell that are not
being filled by the organelles
 3 Residents of Cytoplasm:
 1.Cytosol
 2.Organelles
 3.Cytoplasmic Inclusions

8. Cytoplasm: Characteristics
 Fluid substance that fills the space between
the cell membrane and cellular organelles
 High percentage of water
 It is colloidal
 It contains proteins
 90% water and 10% organic and inorganic
compounds

9. Cytoplasm: Zones
 Plasmogel- peripheral zone of cytoplasm that
is thick and jelly- like
 Plasmosol- zone is thin and liquefied

10. Cytoplasm: Function
 Site of many biochemical reactions
 Place where cell expands and grows
 Provides a medium for organelles to remain
suspended
 Aids in movement of different cellular
elements
 Break down macromolecules
 Transport of genetic material