..gears presentation

1. BY : MUHAMMAD
BILAL ABDULLAH

2. TEXTILE MATHS:
The mathematics which is related to textile is
known as textile mathematics.
It includes graphical representation, sizes ,
number theory and algebra. It is used in
weaving, knitting, crocheting and in
embroidery.

3. Gear

4.  A gear or cogwheel is a
rotating machine part
having cut teeth, or
cogs, which mesh with
another toothed part in
order to transmit torque.
 A device or mechanism
to change the direction
of motion.
 In most cases with teeth
on the one gear being of
identical shape, and
often also with that
shape on the other gear.

5. 1. According to the position of axis of
the shafts -
(a.) Parallel
(b.) Intersecting
(c.) Non-Intersecting and non-parallel

6. Planetary units with helical
gears, rather than spur gears,
have higher torque capacity
and run quieter.
Different manufacturers
measure and rate backlash in
different ways.
Planetary gear heads are high-
precision, motion-control devices
that generate substantial torque
for their size, have high torsional
stiffness, and low backlash —
making them suited for wide-
ranging tasks.
Planetary gears

7. (i) Spur Gear -They consist of
a cylinder or disk with the
teeth projecting radially.
This is a very common
gear and it is important
which is used in every
machine.
(ii) Helical Gear-The leading
edges of the teeth are not
parallel to the axis of
rotation, but are set at an
angle. This gear reduces
the noise.
Spur
Gear
Helical
Gear

8.  Bevel Gear - Two non-
parallel and intersecting, but
co-planer shafts are connected
by the bevel gear and the
arrangement is called bevel
gearing.
 Bevel gears, like spur gears
may also have their teeth
inclined to the face of the
bevel, in this case they are
known as helical bevel gears.
 This gear changes the
direction and the both gears
are in same direction.

9.  A bevel gear is shaped like
a right circular cone with
most of its tip cut off.
 The angle between the
shafts can be anything
except zero or 180 degrees.
 When two bevel gears
mesh, their imaginary
vertices must occupy the
same point.

10.  Spiral bevel gears have the
same advantages and
disadvantages relative to
their straight-cut cousins
as helical gears do to spur
gears.
 Straight bevel gears are
generally used only at
speeds below 5 m / s (1000
ft/min), or, for small gears,
1000 r.p.m.

11.  GEAR TRAIN: The combination of two or more
gears.
 DRIVER: The motor is directly connected.
 DRIVEN: The motor is not directly connected.
 CARRIER/IDLER: An external gear which is put
between two gears to make the both gears direction
same. Every idler is a carrier.
 SHAFT: The motor which is concerned with gear is
called main shaft.

12.  This types of shafts
are connected by
gears known as
"Skew Bevel Gear“
or "Spiral Gear"
and the
arrangement is
known as "Skew
Bevel Gearing".

13.  HARMONIC GEAR: The Harmonic Drive Gear
belongs to the group of strain wave gears. The
Flexspline is slightly smaller in diameter than the
Circular Spline resulting in it having two fewer teeth
on its outer circumference. It is held in an elliptical
shape.

14.  Worm gears resemble
screws. A worm gear
is usually meshed
with a spur gear or a
helical gear, which is
called the gear, wheel,
or worm wheel.
 To achieve a high
torque, low speed
gear ratio.

15. PULLEY:
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is
designed to support movement and change of
direction of a cable or belt along its
circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of
ways to lift loads, apply forces, and to transmit
power.

16. PLANETARY GEAR:
 Planetary gears also refer as epicyclic gearing consisting
three elements sun gear, planet gear and ring gear. Sun gear
is located at the center that transmits torque to planet gears
orbiting around the sun gear. Both systems are located
inside the ring gear. In the toothed formation sun and planet
gears are externally mesh and ring gear internally meshes.
 Planetary gear system is use in varies applications such
as clocks, lunar calendar, car mirror, toys, gear head
motor, turbine engine and many more.

17. (a.) Low Velocity
( Less than 3 m / s )
(b.) Medium Velocity
( 3-15 m / s )
(c.) High Velocity
( Greater than 15 m / s )

18. (a.) External Gearing
(b.) Internal Gearing
(c.) Both Internal and External

19.  In external Gearing, the
two shafts mesh externally
with each other.
 The larger of two wheels is
wheel or Gear and the
smaller wheel is called
pinion.
 In an external gearing, the
motion of the two wheels
is always unlike or
opposite.

20.  In internal gearing, the two
gears mesh internally with
each other.
 The larger of these two
wheels is called Annular
Wheel and the smaller
wheel or gear is called
Pinion.
 In internal gearing the
motion of the wheels is
always same or like.

21.  The gear of two shaft
meshes externally and
internally with the gears in
a straight line. Such type of
gear is called Rack and
Pinion.
 The straight line gear is
called Rack and the
circular wheel is called
Pinion.
 With the help of Rack and
Pinion we can convert
Linear motion into rotary
motion and vice-versa.

22. GEARS ARE USED IN CIRCULAR MOTION IN
TEXTILE INDUSTRY.
GEARS ARE ALSO USED IN CIRCULAR
LOOMS, PROJECTILE LOOMS AND MANY
OTHER LOOMS.
CIRCULAR MOTION OBJECT HAS ALWAYS A
GEAR.

23. Gears are used in many machines. Many are machines we use in our
everyday life, such as cars; wind up toys, clocks, mixers, bikes, oil
rigs, vacuum etc. Gears make our lives easier in many ways.
They allow us to change direction and speed of movement, measure
time and create a great force “mechanical output” with a little
force input.
Cars:
 A car has at least a first, second, third and fourth gear. These are
the different sized gears that fit together in the car. The engine
turns a set of gears that are joined to a rod called the crankshaft.
Clocks:
 Many clocks and watches today are electronic but, gears have
been used for a long time to run mechanical clocks like pendulum
and mainspring clocks.

24. SPEEDDRIVER: 495
TEETHDRIVER: 57
SPEEDDRIVEN : 29
TEETHDRIVEN : ?
BY USING FORMULA:
TEETHDRIVEN= SPEEDDRIVER*TEETHDRIVER
SPEEDDRIVEN
TEETHDRIVEN= 495 *57/29
TEETHDRIVEN=973

25. DRIVER = DRIVEN
RPM OF DIVER=120
TEETH OF DRIVER=30
RPM OF DRIVEN=?
TEETH OF DRIVEN=50
RPM OF DRIVER*TEETH OF DRIVER = RPM OF DRIVEN*TEETH
OF DRIVEN
RPM OF DRIVEN= RPM OF DRIVER*TEETH OF DRIVER /TEETH
OF DRIVEN
RPM OF DRIVEN=120*30/50
RPM OF DRIVEN=72

26. RPM OF DRIVER*TEETH OF DRIVER = RPM OF DRIVEN* TEETH
OF DRIVEN
120 * 30 = 72 * 50
3600 = 3600
SO,
RPM OF DRIVER*TEETH OF DRIVER = RPM OF
DRIVEN* TEETH OF DRIVEN

27.  http://machinedesign.com/mechanical-
drives/planetary-gears-review-basic-design-
criteria-and-new-options-sizing
 http://harmonicdrive.de/en/technology/har
monic-driver-strain-wave-gears/
 http://www.ehow.com/list_6928131_example
s-gears-pulleys.html
 http://www.odec.ca/projects/2006/seef6s2/e
veryday.htm