This document summarizes a student project to design and analyze a differential gear box. It includes sections that describe the objective of analyzing the working of a vehicle differential and designing the system. It explains the key parts of a differential system including the pinion gear, ring gear, spider gear, and differential case. It also describes the working of a differential for straight driving and turning, and discusses issues like one wheel slipping. Design parameters and the forces that allow the spider gear to rotate are analyzed. Finally, it briefly mentions the types of differentials.

1. SUSHILA DEVI BANSAL COLLEGE OF
TECHNOLOGY,INDORE
MINOR PROJECT :-
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS DIFFERENTIAL GEAR
BOX
SUBMITTED BY :-
KULDEEP
GAURAV
SURYA PRATAP
VIJAY ,BRIJESH
SUBMITTED TO :-
MR. SANJAY KULKARNI SIR
DR. ANKUR GEETE SIR
MR. SIDDHARTH SIR
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
GUIDANCE BY:-

2. CONTENT
S
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVE
 PARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
 WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
 DIFFERENT CASES
 FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL
 DRAWBACK OF STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL
 TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL
 GANTT CHART

3. INTRODUCTION
 Differential is an essential part of any four wheeled vehicle.
 A differential allows wheels of a vehicle to rotate at different speeds.
 This is necessary when the vehicle turns.

4. OBJECTIVE
PHASE 1
 To study the differential and working in a vehicle.
 To study gear terminology.
PHASE 2
 Design of whole differential system.
 Design of different parts on sheet and CAD software with the help of
ANSYS software.
 Assembly of differential in CAD software.
 Fabrication.

5. PARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
 Pinion drive gear :- Transfer
power from the drive shaft to the
ring gear.
 Ring gear :- Will transfer power to
differential case assembly.
 Spider gear :- Gear lies at the
heart of differential and special
mention should be made about its
rotation.
 Differential case assembly:- Hold
the gear and drive the axel.
 Rear drive axel:- Transfer torque
from differential assembly to drive
wheels.

6. WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
 While taking turn, the inner and outer wheels have different turning radius.
 The inner wheel travel less distance.
 From the drive shaft power is transferred to pinion gear first, since pinion
and ring gear are meshed , power flow to the ring gear.
 As the spider gear is connected with the ring gear, power flows to it.
 At last power from spider gear gets transferred to both side gears.

7. DIFFERENT CASES
THE VEHICLE MOVES STRAIGHT
 In the case the spider gear rotates along with the ring gear but does not
rotate on its own axis.
 So the spider gear will push and make the side gears turn and both will
turn at the same speed.

8. VEHICLE TAKES A TURN RIGHT
 In this along with the rotation of the ring gear its rotates on its own axis.
 So the spider gear having a combined rotation.
 When the spider gear is spinning as well as rotating peripheral velocity at
the left side of spider gear is the sum of the spinning and the rotational
velocity
 But the right side it is the difference of the two since the spin velocity is in
the opposite direction at this side.

9. OTHER FUNCTION OF DIFFERENTIAL
 First is the speed reduction at the pinion ring gear assembly. Since the
power flow at the pinion and ring are the same such a speed reduction will
result in a high torque multiplication.
 Can also note one speciality of the ring gear, they are hypoid gear have
more contact area compared to the other gear pairs.
 The other function of the differential is to turn the power flow direction by
90 degree.

10. DRAWBACK OF STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL
 It is not working in the situation where one of the rear wheel having a good
traction and other having a slippery surface.

11. DESIGN PARAMETERS
1) Input parameters:-
i. Input power
ii. Input speed
iii. Input torque
iv. Max weight of vehicle
v. Distribution of weight at front and rear axle
vi. Gear ratio

12. FORCE ACTING TO ROTATE SPIDER GEAR
 The centrifugal and centripetal force are required to turn the spider gear in
anti clockwise while taking right turn and vice-versa

13. WHAT HAPPEN IN THE DIFFERENTIAL IN
DIFFERENT TURNING RADIUS ?
 At different turning radius, the speed of outer wheel will vary as compare to
inner wheel.
 For Example:-
turning radius of inner wheel = 5 meters
turning radius of outer wheel = 6 meters
1) The distance travel by inner wheel is circumference of inner circle = 2*pi*r => 2*3.14*5=>
31.41 meters
2) The distance travel by outer wheel is circumference of outer circle=2*pi*R=>2*3.141*6=>
37.692 meters
3) Therefore,
the relation between two wheels speed = 37.692/31.41=> 1.2
So , we can say that outer wheel is 1.2 times faster than inner wheel at this turning radius.

14. GANTT CHART

15. TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL
 1. Open differential
 2. Limited slip differential
a. Clutch LSD
b. Viscous Coupling LSD
c. Locking LSD
d. Torsion LSD

16. THANK YOU