Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Networks
* Features of Millimeter wave
* Architecture of 5G cellular network
* Challenges and Scope of 5G network
3. Abstract
3
Millimeter–wave communication is a promising technology for future 5G cellular
network to provide very high data rate( multi-gigabits-per-second) for mobile
devices.
Enabling D2D communication over directional MM wave networks is of critical
importance to efficiently use the large bandwidth to increase the network capacity.
Propagation feature and issues related to MM wave communication and the
associated impacts on 5G cellular networks.
4. Introduction
4
• The use of mobile devices has been increasing in an exponential fashion
for past few years.
• The demand of data transfer rate and traffic capacity of mobile
communication is growing rapidly.
• Future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks are being developed to
satisfy dramatically increasing data traffic.
• Millimeter-wave (MM Wave) communication is a very promising solution
for future 5G cellular networks.
• A MM Wave communication system has very large bandwidth (multiple
gigahertz), which can be translated directly to much higher data rates.
https://www.wilsonpro.com/blog/
5. 5
WHAT IS MM WAVE ?
▪ High frequency band b/w 30 GHZ-300GHZ
▪ High data rate up to 10 Gb/s
▪ Short wavelength(Ranges about a kilometer)
▪ Narrow beam width (security + less interference)
Image Source : Research Paper
6. MM wave D2D communication
6
D2D communication is to provide connection between
two wireless devices directly or via hopping .
• In local D2D communication wireless devices within
one small cell directly without referring to the base
station and if LOS is not available via a relay in
between them
Global D2D communications – b/w two different base
stations
Interference
Highly directional antenna is used to avoid the
interference
Image source : https://en.wikipedia.org
7. 7
Path Loss
Free space propagation loss is very high.
So A high-gain directional antenna is favored to compensate for the
tremendous propagation loss.
diffracting around obstacles
Line of-sight (LOS) transmissions can easily be blocked by the
obstacles Since non-LOS (NLOS) transmissions in MM Wave
channels suffer from significant attenuation.
To reduce attenuation small cells are created .
limited penetration capability
at 40 GHz, 178 dB attenuation for brick wall and over 20 dB
attenuation for a painted board.
Issues related to millimeter wave
Image source : https://en.wikipedia.org
8. 8
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
• current 4G cellular networks can provide seamless coverage
and reliable communications because of the lower
frequency band.
• For smooth and cost-efficient transition from 4G to 5G, 5G
cellular networks use the hybrid 4G+mmWave system
structure shown in Figure.
• Interference among MM Wave concurrent links are
negligible, and directional MM Wave communication links
can be considered as pseudo-wired.
Image Source : Research Paper
9. 9
Medium Access Control
• Time-division multiple access (TDMA) is
adopted for MM Wave channel access in
5G networks
Image Source : Research Paper
10. RESOURCE SHARING
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RESOURCE SHARING MODES
Generally, there are two resource sharing modes in the network:
• Non-orthogonal sharing (NOS) mode:
Local D2D links and D2B/B2B links reuse the same resource, causing interference with each other. The base
station coordinates the usage of resources (e.g., transmission power and time slot) for both kinds of links.
• Orthogonal sharing (OS) mode:
Local D2D links use part of the resources while the other resources are allocated to D2B/B2B links. Thus,
there is no interference between them, which simplifies the resource sharing.
Although orthogonal sharing mode can make resource sharing simple,
but non-orthogonal sharing provides better resource utilization efficiency with proper sharing schemes.
In this article, the non-orthogonal sharing mode is adopted for multiple concurrent links under the control
of the base station.
11. 11
RESOURCE SHARING SCHEME DESIGN
• The proposed resource sharing
scheme is very useful, especially for a
dense network in the urban area.
• The proposed resource sharing
scheme uses multi hop transmission
with relays to deal with link blockage.
• A relaying mechanism can reduce the
link outage probability by replacing a
blocked link with an alternative path
with two links
Image Source : Research Paper
12. Conclusion And Future Research
12
We discussed the suitability of MM Wave band for 5G cellular networks and proposed a
resource sharing scheme.
Some features of MM wave and issues associated with it were discussed.
High transmission rate and aggregate capacity, MM Wave base stations may be densely
deployed, especially for urban areas.
So mobile users may have to hand off frequently between Mm Wave base stations
frequent handoffs with directional antennas in MM Wave 5G cellular networks.
Thus to find the frequent hand off scheme is the next challenge.
13. References
13
1. Qiao, Jian, Xuemin Sherman Shen, Jon W. Mark, Qinghua Shen, Yejun He, and Lei Lei.
"Enabling device-to-device communications in millimeter-wave 5G cellular
networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 1 (2015): 209-215.
2. https://www.slideshare.net/Bayarshahab1/enabling-d2d-communication-in-mmwave-5g-
networks/3
3. http://www.zseries.in/telecom%20lab/telecom%20generations/#.W8zWZnR1PIU
4. https://ethw.org/Millimeter_Waves