1. Performance Characteristic of Fibonacci wind
Turbine
Mini Project Work (Phase II) report submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering
by
Kishorsingh Rajaput 1BM20ME404
Manjunatha A 1BM20ME405
Nagendra R 1BM20ME407
Vishwas B Y 1BM20ME416
Under the guidance of
Dr. Chidanand Mangrulkar
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
B. M. S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An autonomous institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru - 560 019
July 2022
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering
B. M. S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru - 560 019
Certificate
Certified that the mini project work - phase II (20ME6DCMW2) entitled
’Performance Characteristic of Fibonacci wind turbine’ is a bonafide
record of workdone carried out by
Kishorsingh Rajaput 1BM20ME404
Manjunatha A 1BM20ME405
Nagendra R 1BM20ME407
Vishwas B Y 1BM20ME416
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of En-
gineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological Uni-
versity, Belagavi, during the year 2021-22. It is certified that all correc-
tions/suggestions indicated during the internal assessments have been incor-
porated.
Signature of Guide Signature of HOD
(Dr.Chidanand Mangrulkar) (Dr.G.Giridhar)
Signature of Principal
(Dr. S Muralidhara)
Semester End Examination
Name of the Examiner Signature with Date
1.
2.
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3. Declaration
We, hereby declare that the mini project work - phase II (20ME6DCMW2)
entitled ’Performance Characteristics of Fibonacci Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine’ has been carried out by us under the guidance of Dr.
Chidanand Mangrulkar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.
We further declare that we have not submitted this report either in part
or in full to any other university for the award of any degree/diploma.
Kishorsingh Rajaput 1BM20ME404
Manjunatha A 1BM20ME405
Nagendra R 1BM20ME407
Vishwas B Y 1BM20ME416
Place:Bangalore Date: 26/08/2022
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4. Acknowledgement
This work would not have been possible without the support and the
facilities of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, B. M. S. College of
Engineering, Bengaluru as well as the comments and suggestions from the
committee members of project work evaluation.
We are especially indebted to our guide and mentor Dr. Chidanand
Mangrulkar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, who have been supportive and
instrumental in completing the academic goals in time.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the mini project co-
ordinator, Dr. G. Saravanakumar, Associate Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, BMSCE, for the help rendered in learning the art
of publishing.
We would like to thank our Head of the Department, Dr.G.Giridhar,
Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, B. M. S. College of
Engineering, Bengaluru, and our Principal, Dr.S Muralidhara, Principal,
B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru.
We would like to thank Our Parents, whose love and guidance are im-
portant to us in whatever I pursue. They are the ultimate role models who
provide unending inspiration to us. Finally we would like to thank the one
and all who have directly or indirectly helped us in completing this project
work successfully.
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5. Abstract
The present study is focused on the ever advancing field of wind energy
(HAWT). Objective is to obtain Performance Characteristics of the Fibonacci
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine. The components used for the experimental
study of the turbines are stepper motor, pulley system, and support sys-
tem for turbines.Study will be done on the performance characteristics and
maximum efficiency analysis of Fibonacci horizontal axis wind turbine using
scaled down models and 3D printing prototype.The analysis can exhibit high
response towards varying wind speed.The focus here is to compare Fibonacci
horizontal axis wind turbine with Conventional horizontal axis turbine, to
see which is capable of extracting maximum electricity at low wind speed
with reduced overall cost of turbine and feasible installation at homes, wind
farms, industries, building skyscraper, remote areas,coastal areas etc.
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7. 1 Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction to wind energy
The wind is due to motion of air which is caused by solar radiation
which heats air near equator region more than poles. The heating
results in pressure gradient which causes motion of air from poles to
equator through the process of convective circulation. There are two
mechanisms of local wind flow. In the first mechanism the most of the
incident solar radiation in day time will be absorbed by land surface
and part of it will be absorbed by layers below sea water surface and
to evaporate some of the water.In the second mechanism, air flow is
caused by hills and mountains. The air above hills heats up during
day time and cools down at night, more rapidly than air above the
land surface. So, this causes cooled heavy air above air above land
surface towards hills. The process will be reversed at night. This
kinetic energy of the wind is converted into mechanical energy by
rotating wind turbines which can be used for useful work or to generate
electricity.
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8. 1.2 Wind Turbines
The aerodynamic force of the rotor blades, which work similarly to an
aeroplane wing or helicopter rotor blade, converts wind energy into
electricity in a wind turbine. The air pressure on one side of the blade
decreases when wind blows across it. Lift and drag are created by the
difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade. The lift is
more powerful than the drag, so this causes the rotor to spin.
The rotor is connected to the generator either directly (if it’s a direct
drive turbine) or through a shaft and a series of gears (a gearbox),
which speeds up the rotation and allows the generator to be physically
smaller. The conversion of aerodynamic force to generator rotation
produces electricity.
1.3 Classification of wind turbines
The majority of wind turbines are classified into two categories (i)Horizontal
axis wind turbine
(ii)Vertical axis wind turbine
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9. (i)Horizontal axis wind turbine
The main rotor shaft and electrical generator of these turbines are
located at the top of a tower and must be pointed into the wind. A
simple wind vane is used to point small turbines, while a wind sensor
and a yaw system are used to point larger turbines
(ii)Vertical Axis Wind turbine
The main rotor shaft of a vertical-axis wind turbine is set transverse
to the wind, while the main components are located at the bottom of
the turbine. This configuration allows the generator and gearbox to
be close to the ground, making service and repair easier.
Horizontal axis wind turbines are further divided into two types
(i) Upwind turbine
(ii) Downwind turbine
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10. 2 Chapter 2
2.1 Problem Statement
’To develop a wind turbine to increase efficiency of conventional wind
turbines with lower wind speed and at lower heights’.
2.2 Solution Description
Our team’s solution is Fibonacci horizontal axis wind turbine.This Fi-
bonacci horizontal axis wind turbine is new type of wind turbine.This
creates a three dimensional conical turbine.The special design ensures
that wind is drawn into the turbine and can able to generate electricity
with lower wind speed and at lower height.
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11. 2.3 Fibonacci Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Figure 1: Fibonacci wind turbine
(https://i0.wp.com/greendiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Liam-
F1.jpg?resize=600%2C651ssl=1)
Fibonacci Wind Turbine is a new type of wind turbine comprising
three circular blades which are wrapped around one another and then
expanded. This creates a three dimensional conical turbine ,similar to
elongated shells found on the beach.The special design ensures that
wind is drawn into the turbine.
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12. 2.4 Part Description
(i) Spiral Blade.
(ii) Generator.
(iii) Shaft and bearing.
(iv) Frame with Yawing System.
(i) Spiral Blade
The spiral wind blade with an Archimedes shape shows relatively high
rotor efficiency compared to the aerodynamic performance of the other
blades like the Savonius type rotor in the lower tip speed ratio range
[23]. In addition, the Archimedes spiral blade had high Cp values over
a wider range of tip speed ratios.
(ii) Generator
a generator is a device that converts motive power into electrical power
for use in an external circuit.Which is connected to shaft of turbine
with coupler.it generates electricity when turbine rotates.
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13. (iii)Shaft and bearing
• A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross
section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another,
or from a machine which produces power to a machine which
absorbs power.
• Bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to
only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving
parts. ... The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists
of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is used to reduce friction
(iv)Frame with Yawing system
• Frame gives the stability and support to the wind turbine.
• The yaw system of wind turbines is the component responsible
for the orientation of the wind turbine rotor towards the wind.
2.5 Features of Fibonacci wind turbine
(i)High Efficiency
Double Efficiency more than Propeller blade. Not only drag energy
applying on inclined plane of blade,but also pressure gradient occur-
ring between rapid air flow which is passing through blade to rearward
and slow air flow from front part of blade rotate blades so that it con-
tains merits of both drag type and lift type.Also,facility availability is
high due to large range of TSR operation.
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14. (ii)Low Noise
Less that 48db at the rated rpm air flow isn’t blocked due to spiral
unlimited orbit shape contrast with existing wind generator and emit
naturally to rearward.also,front air entrance path is wedge type with
inclined plane shape which causes almost causes almost zero wind
passing noise.
(iii)Urban Design
Resembling the shape of a Flower with differentiated design reminding
of rose,we get visual publicity effect and suitability to apply on urban
scenery which contains artistry.
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15. 3 Chapter 3
3.1 Literature survey
• The articles are effective towards the project because,they pro-
vided information about what we need to focus on improving with
our turbine design.I think these articles help to make it clear that
the modification that we should try and take into consideration
while designing the wind turbine.One possible modification could
be changing the shape of the blades.These articles have also made
it clear that past is very important factor when it comes to mod-
ifying or adding components to a wind turbine.
• P. Garcı́a Regodeseves et al. performs Unsteady numerical in-
vestigation of the full geometry of a horizontal axis wind tur-
bine.Simulations were performed using the unsteady Reynolds-
Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow and
the SST k-omega turbulence model to close the governing equa-
tions. The CFD predictions were compared with the experimen-
tal data available from the MEXICO experiment: global forces
and torques, pressure distributions around the blades and veloc-
ity distributions along the radial and axial traverses were all in a
good agreement.
• Zhu et al. numerically studied the performance characteristics of
horizontal axis wind turbine with fusion winglet.
• Mohamed Khaled et al. investigated the performance of Small
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16. Horizontal–Axis Wind Turbine Performance with and without
Winglet. Different designs of winglet with different lengths and
cant angles were numerically studied and optimized using Artifi-
cial Neural Network (ANN).
• Hyeonmu Jang et al.“Analysis of Archimedes Spiral Wind Tur-
bine Performance by Simulation and Field Test”, Energies 2019,
12, 4624; doi:10.3390/en12244624. This research paper describes
about measured power with the simulations, the maximum error
between the measured power and the simulation was found to
be 7.80 Performance prediction of the turbine can be done theo-
retically which suits to actual turbine to be manufactured which
saves lot of money used for prototyping. However it does not
compare efficiency of Fibonacci turbine and conventional turbine
of same diameter
• C.M.Vivek1 et al.The combined vertical and horizontal axis wind
turbine increases the efficiency and production volume while com-
pared with separate vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine.
This will reduces the area required for the installation of wind
turbine by fixing the vertical and horizontal wind turbines in a
single tower
• It will accumulate more number of wind towers at less area com-
pared to VAWT and HAWT. The implementation of combined
vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine will solve the issue on
the usage of fossil fuels and highly helpful for the environment to
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17. safeguard from global warming
• Magedi Moh. M. Saad, a , Norzelawati Asmuin. There are a
number of advantages to use HAWTS. First of all, variable pitch
of blades used for horizontal wind turbine allows it to collect
maximum amount of energy form wind.
• Second is higher efficiency is offered by a horizontal wind turbine
as it has blades in perpendicular to the direction of wind and
hence receives more power for rotation. Third is the traditional
designs allow easy installation and easy maintenance as well.
• The efficiency of HAWT is about 59% to 65% and approximate
installation heights are about 85m to 90m.
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18. 4 Chapter 4
4.1 Design of Spiral Blade
Spiral Blade Design
Figure 2: 3D model Figure 3: Front view
DESIGN
Figure 4: Spiral balde drawing
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20. DESIGN 3
Figure 7: selected Design
4.3 Design selected
We came across 3 designs but out of those above mentioned first two
designs were not favourable to fabricate inside the college with min-
imum cost.So went for the 3rd design which was preferable and cost
effective.
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21. 5 Chapter 5
5.1 Fabrication work
Figure 8: Fabrication
Bushes
• Bushes are machined through boring process in lathe.
• Bushings are shaped like a tube or sleeve, and help with motion
by sliding, as opposed to the rolling motion of most bearings.
Still, bushings are a type of bearing, as they aid in the efficiency
of rotating.
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22. Fabricated by using Arc welding
Arc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by
using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted
metals, when cool, result in a binding of the metals.
Fabricated model
Figure 9: Final fabricated model
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23. 5.2 Assembly Work
Specification of Dynamo
Figure 10: Dynamo
• Voltage - 12 volts
• Speed - 300 RPM
• Weight - 400 grams
• It is provided with gear box with 6mm shaft , gear box is sealed
and lubricated with lithium grease and requires no maintenance.
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24. Specifications of coupler:
Figure 11: Dynamo
• Made from Aluminium H30
• Bore dia 1 - 6mm
• Bore dia 2 - 6mm
• which is torsionally stiff and Zero backlash.
• It also consist of integral clamp with clamping screw.
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25. Details of components used
Sl no Components name Material used No of parts
1 Frame Mild steel 1
2 Bearings Chrome steel 2
3 Bushes Mild steel 2
4 Shaft Mild steel 1
5 Bolt and Nut (M2) 12.9 Grade alloy steel 2
Table 1: components
5.3 Final Fabricated Model
Figure 12: Final fabricated model
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26. 6 Chapter 6
6.1 Performance testing
Reference Table
Sl no Air velocity(m/s) Voltage(V)
1 5 0.8
2 11 1.8
3 15 4.5
4 19 11.6
Table 2: Air velocity and voltage
Reference - yogesh patil,Design fabrication and analysis of fibonacci
spiral horizontal axis wind turbine.
Performance Test result
Sl no Air velocity(m/s) Voltage(V)
1 5.3 1.3
2 8 2.4
3 10 2.6
4 15 8.1
5 18 11.4
Table 3: Air velocity and voltage
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27. Air velocity v/s voltage
Figure 13: Air velocity v/s voltage
As we get to know from Performance testing the initial Air velocity
needed to rotate the fibonacci turbine is about 5.3 m/s.As shown in
the graph the voltage generation is increasing along with increase in
the Air velocity.
6.2 Conclusion
We have tested the performance of Fibonacci horizontal axis wind
turbine and compared the results with the reference values.
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28. 6.3 Reference
1. C.M.Vivek1 et al.A review on vertiacal and horizontal axis wind
turbine.
2. A. Nikam1 et al. PG Scholar, CAD/CAM , Dr. Sau Kamalatai
Gawai Institute of Engineering Technology, Darapur Principal
Professor, CAD/CAM , Dr. Sau Kamalatai Gawai Institute of
Engineering Technology, Darapu.
3. P. Garcı́a Regodeseves et al. performs Unsteady numerical
investigation of the full geometry of a horizontal axis wind
turbine.
4. Bahaj, A.S.; Myers, L.; James, P.A.B. Urban energy generation:
Influence of micro-wind turbine output on electricity
consumption in buildings. Energy Build. 2007, 39, 154–165.
5. Bortolini et al. Performance and viability analysis of small wind
turbines in the European Union. Renew. Energy 2014, 62,
629–639
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