10. Vulnerability: Who are the food
insecure?
• Hunger:
Approximately 1
billion (795 mil.)
people is
chronically hungry;
• Poverty: 3 Billion
people live less
than $ 2 a day;
• 1 Billion children in
poverty;
• Not eating
everyday: In
Nigeria, 28 %, India
24%, Peru 14 %
11. 95 % of them live
sub-tropic regions,
climate insecure
places in Sub-
Saharan Africa,
South Asia and
Small Island States;
Most of them small
holder or landless
farmers in remote
villages, and
indigenous
people;(500
million)
They produce %70
of the local food
with % 30 of the
14. Projected impacts of climate change
1°C 2°C 5°C4°C3°C
Sea level rise
threatens major cities
Falling crop yields in many areas, particularly
developing regions
FoodFood
WaterWater
EcosystemsEcosystems
Risk of Abrupt andRisk of Abrupt and
Major IrreversibleMajor Irreversible
ChangesChanges
Global temperature change (relative to pre-industrial)
0°C
Falling yields in many
developed regions
Rising number of species face extinction
Increasing risk of dangerous feedbacks and
abrupt, large-scale shifts in the climate system
Significant decreases in water
availability in many areas, including
Mediterranean and Southern Africa
Small mountain glaciers
disappear – water
supplies threatened in
several areas
Extensive Damage
to Coral Reefs
ExtremeExtreme
WeatherWeather
EventsEvents
Rising intensity of storms, forest fires, droughts, flooding and heat waves
Possible rising yields in
some high latitude regions
Climatechange
15. Climate Change & Food Systems:
Uneasy Relationship
• Melting water reserves: (mountain glaciers).It
shrinks the irrigation and harvest.
• Rising temperature: It may reduce crop yields by
2 % per decade over the next 100 years.
• Flattening yields: (Global grain shortfalls) No
more raising cropland (rise, wheat, corn)
productivity in China, Japan, Europe, the US all
are plateauing. Home of the 40 % of corn
• Extreme-weather events: Floods, droughts
• Bio-Fuels (mitigation+ adaptation policies):
Replacing food to ethanol
17. Falling water tables, slowing irrigation:
In 20th century, it expanded from 250 m. acres in 1950 to
700 m. in 2000. Between 2000-2010 only 10 % increased.
25. Hope for the future
Legal: Gender sensitive
Human Rights Approach
• Human Rights Impact
assessment;
• Indivisibility of human
rights;
• Access to Justice and
Justiciability;
• Extraterritorial
obligations (TNI and IFI)
Social: Global
Movement (from food
security to food
sovereignty and
democracy)
Food system change:
Agro-ecology
Editor's Notes
Food security is access to affordable, safe and nutritious food for everyone, all the time.
UDHR. Art 25: [Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food.”
What is right to food? 1. Availability: Is there enough food?
2. Access: Can it be reached physically and economically? Affordable?
3. Adequacy? Quality: safety, nutritious
4. Sustainable? How it produced without devastating ecosystem/
UNFCCC has never been!
60 to 70 % of farmers are women. 60% of poor are women and girls. Only 2 % have property rights. 43 percent of the agricultural labor force worldwide. 70 to 90 in developing world.
. if women had the same access to resources as male farmers, they could lift 100-150 million people out of hunger.
Melting water reserves: (mountain glaciers) It shrinks the irrigation and harvest.
Rising temperature: It may reduce crop yields by 2 % per decade over the next 100 years. Negative impact on crop yields more than 5% beyond 2050
Flattening yields: (Global grain shortfalls) No more raising cropland (rise, wheat, corn) productivity in China, Japan, Europe, the US all are plateauing. Home of the 40 % of corn
Extreme-weather events:
Climate stability is nr. 1 rule
The thin layer of topsoil lost is nearly third. Last century soil erosion began to exceed new soil formation. Peak soil is history. Worldwide the amount of cropland per capita has declined due to population growth. North America and the former USSR have substantially more cropland per capita than the rest of the world. Agriculture is responsible for 75 %/
The food system uses more fossil fuel than any other sector.
Women are disproportionately vulnerable
Empowerment of women is an important ingredients in building climate resilience;
Low emissions development can be more effective if designed gender informed approach (from domestic cooking, to soil carbon emissions, and as consumers purchasing decisions from the entire lifecycle of production, consumption, waste disposal).
215 billion $ in 2012 Developing countries received.
Biofuel, Hydroelectric
