2. Ecological group is a set of species characterized
by similar needs in the volume of an
environmental factor and similar anatomical,
morphological and other traits that have arisen
as a result of its impact in the process of
evolution, which are fixed in the genotype.
Ecological groups are distinguished in relation to organisms
to one environmental factor (moisture, temperature, light,
chemical properties of the habitat, etc.), the boundaries
between them are conditional, and there is a smooth
transition from one ecogroup to another, which is due to the
ecological individuality of each species.
3.
4. Ecological groups of plants in relation to light and their
adaptive features
According to lighting requirements:
1. Light-loving (light-loving), or heliophytes, are plants of open,
constantly well-lit habitats
Scots pine Hanging birch Plantain big
5. Ecological groups of plants in relation to light and their
adaptive features
According to lighting requirements:
3.Shade-tolerant or facultative heliophytes, - can tolerate more
or less darkening, but grow well in the light; they are easier
than other plants to rebuild under the influence of changing
lighting conditions.
European hoof
Common Whine Peppermint
6. Ecological groups of plants in relation to light and their
adaptive features
According to lighting requirements:
2. Shade-loving (shady), or sciophytes, - plants of the lower tiers
of shady forests, caves and deep-sea plants; they do not tolerate
strong lighting by direct sunlight. The most characteristic
representatives are: algae, mosses, lichens, plowns, ferns.
Male shield
Plaun mace-shaped
Xanthoria wall
7.
8. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Hydatophytes are aquatic plants wholly or almost entirely
submerged in water..
Duckweed minor
Yellow water lily Floating Rdest
9. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Гидрофиты – это растения наземно-водные, частично
погруженные в воду, растущие по берегам водоёмов, на
мелководьях, на болотах.
Common reed
Broadleaf horn
Elodea canadesis
10. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Hygrophytes are terrestrial plants that live in conditions of high
humidity and often on moist soils. Among them, shadow and
light are distinguished.
Horsetail swamp
Buttercup caustic
Chemeritsa Lobel
11. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Shady hygrophytes are plants of the lower tiers of damp forests
in different climatic zones (many tropical grasses).
Common untouchable
Garden bodyak
12. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Light hygrophytes are types of open habitats growing on
constantly moist soils and in humid air (papyrus, rice, cores,
sundew).
Swamp underbrush
Swamp sundew
Meadow core
13. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Mesophytes are plants that grow with medium moisture, a
moderately warm regime and a fairly good supply of mineral
nutrition.
Meadow clover
Ландыш майский
Common hazel
14. Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Ксерофиты растут в местах с недостаточным увлажнением
и имеют приспособления, позволяющие добывать воду
при её недостатке, ограничивать испарение воды или
запасать её во время засухи
Подразделяют на два основных типа: суккуленты (кактус,
алоэ, очиток, сочная солянка) и склерофиты (верблюжья
колючка, саксаул, овсяница бороздчатая, ковыль)
Steppe feather grass Aloe Vera
Cereus gigantic
15. Водный баланс наземных животных
Among a number of groups of animals can be identified:
HYGROPHILOV – moisture-loving
(blood-sucking mosquitoes);
XEROPHILES – dry-loving
(jump beetles, blackbird beetles,
desert locusts);
MESOPHILES – intermediate
a group of animals.
Earthworms
Ant Runners
16.
17. According to the degree of adaptation of plants to the
conditions of extreme
heat deficit:
1. Non-cold-resistant plants - severely damaged or die at
temperatures that have not yet reached the freezing point of
water (algae of warm seas, some mushrooms and many
deciduous plants of tropical rain forests).
Cocoa
Avocado
18. According to the degree of adaptation of plants to the
conditions of extreme
heat deficit:
2. Non-frost-resistant plants - tolerate low temperatures, but
die as soon as ice begins to form in the tissues.
Lemon
Noble Laurel
19. According to the degree of adaptation of plants to the
conditions of extreme
heat deficit:
3. Ice-resistant, or frost-resistant plants (cryophytes) - grow in areas
with a seasonal climate, with cold winters. During severe frosts, the
above-ground organs of trees and shrubs freeze, but nevertheless
remain viable, because in the cells of crystalline ice is not formed
(some freshwater algae and algae of the tidal zone, terrestrial algae,
mosses of all climatic zones).
Sphagnum
Lapchatka graceful
20. By topic groupings:
Distribution by biotopes:
Plants and animals of the dry meadow
Freshwater Pond
spruce forest
forest edge
And so on.
Common Mole
Field Sparrow
Common fox
River bass
